Fluctuation in Psychological State during Two Encounter-Group Weekends

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Long ◽  
J. M. Schuerger ◽  
D. A. Bosshart ◽  
R. J. Menges
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Encounter Group ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Two independent studies are combined and reported here. The Cattell-Curran Psychological State Battery (seven factors) was administered on three occasions to two separate samples. One met for an encounter-group weekend in March and the other in August, 1969. On both occasions the same questions were being asked (1) do anxiety levels fluctuate in a predicted manner during encounter group experiences and (2) is it possible to detect systematic fluctuations in several, measured psychological states during these experiences? Both questions required a statement of the probability of data over occasions, so the appropriate statistical technique was judged to be analysis of variance for repeated measures. The data did not support the hypothesis that anxiery, as measured, fluctuates systematically during weekend encounter-group experiences. But, there were significant fluctuations in some of the other psychological factors.

Effects of Self-Tape Recording on Self-Awareness in a Context of Self-Counseling

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Snider ◽  
Mary H. Davis ◽  
Ric Brown
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tape Recording ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
Core Conditions ◽  
Counseling Technique

Clinical evidence suggests that self-tape recording and listening is a useful technique for enhancing awareness in self-counseling. The question arises as to the roles of talking and listening in the process. This study experimentally compared the effects on self-awareness of three group experiences of “Talk and Listen,” “Talk Only” and “Listen Only,” using 90 graduate students in counseling as subjects. A set of self-awareness scales which utilize core conditions of counseling measured self-awareness in subjects of self-facilitation and self-initiation, following the group experiences. Analysis of variance showed significant differences favoring the “Talk and Listen” experiences over the other two experiences in both self-facilitation and self-initiation. It was concluded that self-tape recording and listening may be a moderately powerful self-counseling technique for producing psychological states which are related to therapeutic movement. It is suggested that self-tape recording is worthy of further investigation and use.

Relationship between Speed and Accuracy in an over-Arm Throw

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Indermill ◽  
William S. Husak
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Muscular Coordination

Principles of force and variability of force suggest that generating maximal forces will result in greater spatial accuracy. 18 right-handed males performed an over-arm throwing task at 50, 75, and 100% of maximum velocity while attempting to hit an archery target. A one-way analysis of variance of velocity with repeated measures on the target showed that the 75% condition was significantly more accurate than either of the other two. The principles may not be generalizable to tasks involving muscular coordination; it seems Fitts' Law may be more applicable.

Length of Hair Affects P1 and N170 Latencies for Perception of Women's Faces

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Short Hair ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Related Potentials

This study investigated the relationship between length of hair in facial stimuli and latency and amplitude of the P1 and N170 components of event-related potentials during facial perception. Electroencephalography was recorded from 21 Japanese participants (four men, 17 women) who were shown pictures of faces with one of three lengths of hair: long, medium length, or short. In addition, we used both fixed-size and variable-size blocks. In fixed-size blocks, the three types of stimuli were matched to have the same overall size; in variable-size blocks, long hair stimuli were the biggest, medium length hair stimuli were medium sized, and short hair stimuli were the smallest. We analyzed P1 latency and amplitude using two-way (6 × 2) repeated-measures analysis of variance over length of hair and electrode; N170 latency and amplitude were analyzed using three-way (6 × 2 × 2) repeated-measures analysis of variance over length of hair, hemisphere, and electrode. The latency of P1 to faces with short hair in variable-size blocks was significantly longer than that to the other five stimulus types ( p < .01 for four of the other types; p = .083 for medium length hair in variable-size blocks). The latency of N170 to faces with long hair in variable-size blocks was significantly shorter than that to faces with medium length hair and short hair in variable-size blocks ( p = .026 and p = .086, respectively). These results indicate that length of hair influenced P1 and N170 latency, supporting the notion that length of hair is a significant external facial feature. Because long hair attracted participants' attention, there was early perceptual processing of this feature. In contrast, because short hair did not attract attention, perceptual processing of this feature was late.

The shape of creaminess: consumers expected and perceived rounded chocolates as creamier than squared

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuri Yudi Furukita Baptista ◽  
Fabiana Carvalho ◽  
Priscilla Efraim ◽  
Paulo Túlio de Souza Silveira ◽  
Jorge Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensory Interactions

PurposeResearch on cross-modal sensory interactions has shown that visual aspects of food can influence consumer's expectation and perception of taste, mouthfeel and liking. This paper aims to investigate the effects of a rounded (“bouba”) and a squared (“kiki”) shape on expected and perceived sweetness, bitterness, creaminess and liking of chocolates.Design/methodology/approachBrazilian consumers (N = 230) divided into two groups of 115 individuals each evaluated five chocolates containing 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% of cocoa. One of the groups evaluated all formulations in the rounded shape and the other in the squared shape. Results were analysed with mixed multivariate analysis of variance (mixed-MANOVA) between shapes, repeated-measures MANOVA between pre- and post-tasting and Pearson's correlation analysis was performed between liking ratings and sweetness, bitterness and creaminess confirmation/disconfirmation.FindingsThe study found significant effects (p < 0.05) of shape on expected and perceived creaminess but not on other attributes; of cocoa percentage (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%) on all four attributes; and time (pre- and post-tasting) on sweetness, bitterness and liking but not creaminess. Finally, it found significant negative correlations between the creaminess difference indices and the liking ratings for the 30, 50 and 60% chocolates.Originality/valueThis study reports that consumers may expect and perceive chocolates as creamier in a rounded shape than in an angular shape and that if the expectation of creaminess is not confirmed by sensory perception, acceptability may be negatively affected.

Effect of Playing Venue on Hormonal Responses and Psychological State of Inter-University Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Tabassum ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt ◽  
Nabila Roohi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological State ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anxiety Levels

The home advantage is a powerful wonder that happens in the realm of amateur and professional games where most teams win more than 50% of matches. The present study compared the effects of playing venue on hormonal responses and psychological state of inter-university volleyball players at home and away ground. A total of 96 male players age, 18 to 24 years from eight different public and private universities were selected as the subject in this study. Matches were scheduled in such a manner so that each team would play one match on home ground and one on away ground. The results of this study showed that a 13% reduction in the testosterone level of players was seen on the opponent’s home ground before playing the match, whereas, 18% elevation in cortisol level of players was recorded on the opponent’s home ground before-match. Psychological measures indicated that players’ cognitive and somatic anxiety levels were increased on away ground (10% and 13%, respectively) whereas, their self-confidence level declined  by 17% on an opponent’s home ground before the commencement of the match. The present study supports the notion that there are differences in pre-competition hormonal and psychological states that may play a key role in ‘the home advantage’ which could affect players’ behavior and match outcomes.

Seeming to Seem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
First Person ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Higher Order Theory ◽  
The Third Person

Dennett’s account of consciousness starts from third-person considerations. I argue this is wise, since beginning with first-person access precludes accommodating the third-person access we have to others’ mental states. But Dennett’s first-person operationalism, which seeks to save the first person in third-person, operationalist terms, denies the occurrence of folk-psychological states that one doesn’t believe oneself to be in, and so the occurrence of folk-psychological states that aren’t conscious. This conflicts with Dennett’s intentional-stance approach to the mental, on which we discern others’ mental states independently of those states’ being conscious. We can avoid this conflict with a higher-order theory of consciousness, which saves the spirit of Dennett’s approach, but enables us to distinguish conscious folk-psychological states from nonconscious ones. The intentional stance by itself can’t do this, since it can’t discern a higher-order awareness of a psychological state. But we can supplement the intentional stance with the higher-order theoretical apparatus.

Psychophysically Based Physical Capability Limits For Right Angle Power Tool Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 910-914
Author(s):  
Jonathan Valencia ◽  
Joel Cort
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Joint Orientation ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Group A ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

A psychophysical methodology was utilized to examine 40 non-skilled female participants performing right-angle power tool (RAPT) fastening tasks. A combination of two between subject variables were examined for a total of four between-subject groups: joint orientation (horizontal and vertical planes) and joint hardness (hard and soft joints). Participants were evenly distributed into one of four joint orientation- hardness groups. Within each group, a combination of three fastening strategies and three fastening frequencies were performed by each participant. The chosen target torque determined the physical capability limits (PCL). A mixed-design repeated analysis of variance with Tukey’ significance post hoc test were used to determine any significance with the measured variables ( p<0.05). Fastening strategy and frequency influenced the chosen torque magnitude. Participants chose significantly higher target torques with the Turbo Tight strategy in comparison to the other two strategies. Furthermore, participants chose to accept lower target torques and forces as fastening frequency increased.

A Controlled Study of Sensation Awareness and Verbal Disclosure for Regulation of Arousal and Anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Scholle
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Interactions of attention and verbalization were investigated for effects of self-reported arousal and state-anxiety. Levels of verbalization from silence through talking-without-a-listener to disclosure were compared while self-directed attention was manipulated for sensation versus general thoughts and feelings. Following a stimulus, disclosure of sensations was expected to reduce state anxiety and increase energetic arousal significantly more than disclosure of thoughts. Based on a randomly assigned sample of 120 men, a 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction in the predicted directions. A significant interaction was also found for the 3 × 2 interaction for energetic arousal. For state anxiety means were in the predicted direction. Results indicate that verbalization of sensations is more energizing and calming than silence, while for general thought, silence is more energizing and calming than verbalization. The results suggest efficacy in reframing self-talk to quiet awareness and in communicating sensed distinctions as they emerge.

Comparison of plasma progesterone profiles in cyclic, pregnant, pseudopregnant and hysterectomized pigs between 8 and 27 days after oestrus

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. King ◽  
R. Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The Third ◽  
Secretory Potential ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Plasma progesterone concentrations were compared in cyclic (n = 12), pregnant (n =12), oestradiol-induced pseudopregnant (n=12) and hysterectomized gilts (n=10) between days 8 and 27 after oestrus. The results were grouped into periods covering days 8–13, 14–20 and 21–27 and analysed by least-squares analysis of variance. Plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (P<0·001) higher in hysterectomized compared with other groups between days 8 and 13. Progesterone concentrations declined rapidly after day 14 in cyclic females and gradually in the other groups. Throughout the third and fourth weeks the mean progesterone concentrations for hysterectomized animals were consistently higher than for pseudopregnant animals (P<0·05). The pregnant group means were below but not significantly different from the hysterectomized means in both of the last two periods. The greater progesterone concentrations in hysterectomized gilts indicated that secretion is high without any conceptus-produced or -mediated luteotrophin, and corpora lutea in cyclic, pregnant or pseudopregnant gilts may never reach full secretory potential. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 111–116

scholarly journals ICT evaluation models and performance of medium and small enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Anass Bayaga ◽  
Emmanuel O. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Operational Risk Management ◽  
Evaluation Models ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Medium And Small Enterprises

Abstract Building on prior research related to (1) impact of information communication technology (ICT) and (2) operational risk management (ORM) in the context of medium and small enterprises (MSEs), the focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between (1) ICT operational risk management (ORM) and (2) performances of MSEs. To achieve the focus, the research investigated evaluating models for understanding the value of ICT ORM in MSEs. Multiple regression, Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA) and Repeated-Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance (RM-MANOVA) were performed. The findings of the distribution revealed that only one variable made a significant percentage contribution to the level of ICT operation in MSEs, the Payback method (β = 0.410, p < .000). It may thus be inferred that the Payback method is the prominent variable, explaining the variation in level of evaluation models affecting ICT adoption within MSEs. Conclusively, in answering the two questions (1) degree of variability explained and (2) predictors, the results revealed that the variable contributed approximately 88.4% of the variations in evaluation models affecting ICT adoption within MSEs. The analysis of variance also revealed that the regression coefficients were real and did not occur by chance

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