Pattern and Quality of Reinforcement in Extinction in Albino Rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
William N. Boyer ◽  
Henry A. Cross ◽  
Raymond Russin
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sucrose Reward ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Sequential Theory ◽  
Quality Of Reinforcement

This experiment examined the effects of successive (3 or 1) nonrewards prior to a sucrose reward and the effects of successive (3 or 1) alfalfa rewards prior to a sucrose reward on resistance to extinction. Long runs of nonrewards or long runs of alfalfa rewards led to greater resistance to extinction than did short runs. Ss who experienced nonrewards and those who experienced alfalfa rewards were not substantially different from each other. The findings were discussed within Capaldi's sequential theory.

Effects of Quality and Quantity of Reinforcement Upon Response Rate in Acquisition and Extinction

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Schaeffer ◽  
Barbara Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acquisition Session ◽  
Repeated Acquisition ◽  
Lever Pressing ◽  
Quality Of Reinforcement

This experiment investigated the effects of quality and quantity of reinforcement upon a lever-pressing response, within the context of repeated acquisition and extinction sessions. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley albino rats were subjected to a 2-by-3 experimental design which incorporated two levels of quality of reinforcement (8% and 32% sucrose pellets) and three levels of quantity of reinforcement (20, 40, or 80 pellets given in each acquisition session). Rate of responding during each acquisition session varied directly with sucrose content of the pellet, but was independent of number of reinforcements (pellets) received in each acquisition session. In extinction, total number of responses varied directly with both number of reinforcements and sucrose content of the pellet. Latency to the first lever-pressing response in both acquisition and extinction was found to be heterogeneous for all Ss and insensitive to variations in quantity and quality of reinforcement.

RAPESEED OIL MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE AND RATS: I. RATE OF GAIN, EFFICIENCY OF FOOD UTILIZATION, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND THYROID ACTIVITY

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hussar ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Cent Level

Diets containing 0, 2 or 10 per cent expeller extracted Argentine type rapeseed oil meal were fed to swine from 3 weeks of age to market weight averaging 195 lb., and to albino rats from 3 weeks to 6 months of age. The 10 per cent level of the meal depressed the rate of liveweight gain and in some cases reduced efficiency of food utilization in both species. Food consumption was not adversely influenced by the levels of meal used in these diets. Total weight, histological sectioning and I131 turnover rate of the thyroid gland indicated hypertrophy and other abnormalities of the gland in the animals fed 10 per cent meal. The 2 per cent level of meal did not exert consistent effects on the criteria measured. Female rats were more susceptible than males to the effects of the meal on rate of gain, but ovariectomy of females appeared to reduce this susceptibility. The nutritional quality of the diet fed to rats tended to alter the response to toxicity of the meal. Swine carcass characteristics were not markedly affected by rapeseed oil meal in the ration.

Improvement in the production and quality of reinforcement steel

Metallurgist ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 464-466
Author(s):  
N. F. Gritsuk ◽  
E. D. Gavrilenko ◽  
D. K. Nesterov ◽  
A. V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
E. M. Balabei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Steel ◽  
Quality Of Reinforcement

Resistance to Extinction as a Function of Instrumental Training under Two Levels of Food Deprivation and a Shift in Incentive

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Extinction Performance ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Instrumental Training ◽  
Terminal Level

Four groups of 8 albino rats each were magazine trained under high or low drive, barpress trained with the same 32% sucrose incentive or water (designed to produce “frustration”), and tested in extinction with an inoperative magazine. The results confirmed earlier ones obtained with an inaccessible-food training operation in that the major factor determining extinction performance was terminal level of reinforced responding in training.

The Effects of Volume of Sucrose Reward on Resistance to Extinction

1971 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. McCloskey ◽  
Tom N. Tombaugh
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Reward ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

scholarly journals Spermatotoxic effects of selected traditional alcoholic beverages from North-Central Nigeria on adult male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 014-022
Author(s):  
Olusayo Moritiwon ◽  
Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽  
David Oyebode ◽  
James Bitrus ◽  
Adikpe Emmanuel Edugbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North Central ◽  
Caudal Portion

Challenges associated with habitual intake of alcohol including health, social, psychological and especially reproductive health needs urgent attention. This study aimed to determine the spermatotoxic effect of selected traditional alcoholic beverages in rats. A total of 30 normal male Spaque dawley strain albino rats weighing 180-220g, divided into 5 groups of 6 rats in each were administered with 10ml/kg p.o each of pito, goskolo and ogogoro, goskolo respectively and 0.5ml/kg normal saline for a period of 21 days. Sperm samples were harvested from the left caudal portion epididymis assayed for sperm motility, sperm morphology and sperm count after which histological examination was carried out on the testes. Results showed that active, sluggish and dead sperm cells were goskolo>pito>burukutu>control>ogogoro, ogogoro> burukutu> control>goskolo>pito and control>pito>ogogoro>burukutu>goskolo respectively. For morphology of sperm cells, it was goskolo>ogogoro>burukutu>control>pito (normal) and pito>control>burukutu> ogogoro> goskolo (abnormal). Also, that of sperm count was goskolo>ogogoro>pito>burukutu>control. Results further showed that ogogoro and goskolo caused significant negative effects on quantity and quality of sperm cells with alteration of histological parameters marked with altered secondary spermatogonia and spermatid. These effects were however mild with pito and burukutu. Traditional alcoholic beverages from North central Nigeria ‘pito’, 'burukutu', 'ogogoro', and goskolo' have negative on the quantity and quality of sperm cells with marked with infraction of spermatogonia of male albino rats. As a result of the spermatotoxic properties of these locally available and often ingested drinks by males predominantly in the reproductive age brackets will do well to avoid and or minimize its use as it leads to reprotoxicity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters of Rats Fed with Corn Flour Supplemented with Cricket (Acheta gossypii) Proteins

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Elijah Edache Ehoche ◽  
Akanya Helmina ◽  
Adefolalu Funmilola Sherifat
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Alt Activity

African staple diets are mainly of protein-deficient corn. Dried yellow corn was fermented, dried, ground and supplemented with 5% and 10% of cricket (Acheta gossypii) flour. A standard diet of 5% and 10% soybean proteins-based corn flour was also prepared. The diets were fed to albino rats for four weeks. Standard methods for the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total proteins (TP), and albumin were determined in albino rats using 5% and 10% soybean supplemented corn diets as standard diets. The serum levels of ALP, AST, ALP, TP, and albumin in the rats fed with cricket supplemented diets were in the range of the normal healthy animals but were significantly different from the cornflour and soybean supplemented diets such that the ALP and AST values of the rats fed on the cornflour significantly decreased over the soybean supplemented and cricket supplemented experimental diets. The ALT activity, TP, and albumin levels of the rats fed the cornflour, and the soybean supplemented diets were significantly lower than those fed on the cricket protein supplemented diet (p <0.05). Supplementing corn with crickets has shown improvement in the nutritional quality of corn, therefore, may be used to solve the malnutrition

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