Learning by Discovery: Incidental Learning and Presentation of Rule

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-734
Author(s):  
G. D. Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
Instructional Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Learning By Discovery

Three studies on learning by discovery were conducted using a refraction task. In each study, three instructional methods were used, ruleg (rule-example), egrule (examples followed by the rule), and eg only (rule not given). Independent variables included sex and socioeconomic level. The 8 dependent variables used were measures of retention, transfer, incidental learning, and verbalization. Few significant findings were obtained; however, on the verbalization of the rule measure, the groups given the rule performed higher than the group not given the rule. There was little interaction between instructional method and the other variables.

An Investigation of the Effect of Latency on the Operator’s Trust and Performance for Manual Multi-robot Teleoperated Tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Rogers ◽  
Amro Khasawneh ◽  
Jeffery Bertrand ◽  
Kapil Chalil Madathil
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Latency is an important factor when conducting teleoperated missions. This study investigates the effects of latency on a set of dependent variables: performance (measured by time and number of errors), subjective workload, trust, and usability. These measures were tested in a simulated search-and-rescue mission over two levels of two independent variables. One independent variable was the number of robots – one or two (within-subject), and the other independent variable was latency – simulations with and without latency (between-subject.) The significant effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables were checked using repeated measure two-way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. The data determined any significant effects that latency and/or the number of robots had on such factors as errors, dependability, reliability, harmful outcomes, temporal demand, and frustration.

scholarly journals Comparing the differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy among prefectures in Japan.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYA TAIRA ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Kei Kamide
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Government Statistics

Abstract Objective: An ecological study using secondary open data from Japanese government statistics was conducted. The study aimed to verify differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy (HLE); namely, disability-free life expectancy without activity limitation (DFLE-AL), life expectancy with self-perceived health (LE-SH), and disability-free life expectancy without care need (DFLE-CN).Results: Each HLE from 47 prefectures in 2010, 2013, and 2016 was extended over time. There were strong Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) between DFLE-AL and LE-SH (Minimum α; 0.80, Maximum α;0.90) as well as between LE and DFLE-CN (Minimum α; 0.92, Maximum α; 0.99) in both sexes in every data year. However, the other pairs had weaker associations. In regression analysis with each HLE as a dependent variable and aging rate, mortality, the proportion of unhealthy people as independent variables, the subjective unhealthy rate had significant standardized partial regression coefficients (β) in models with DFLE-AL and LE-SH as dependent variables (Minimum β; -0.56, Maximum β; -0.34). Therefore, DFLE-CN tended to differ from the other HLEs. The subjective unhealthy rate had a significant influence on DFLE-AL and LE-SH.

scholarly journals Work values of generation Y

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Faizah Indriyana ◽  
Indi Djastuti
Keyword(s):  
Generation Y ◽  
Work Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Extrinsic Work Values

There are about 38.83% of Indonesian workforces who are include in generation Y and this is more than the number of the other generations. The rush of global markets will create a new management approach that includes the generation Y’s interest on work aspects. So, this study aims to analyze the differences of generation Y’s work values based on gender and work status. The study also explores which predictors variable that has the strongest discriminant for generation Y’s work values based on gender and works status. The number of the sample used in this research is 137 Millennial by using nonprobability sampling. This study uses discriminant analysis with the help of SPSS version 23. Independent variables in this study are intrinsic work values, extrinsic work values, social/altruistic work values, and prestige work values. The dependent variables used in this study are the gender of generation Y and work status of generation Y. Two dependent variables this study used two model of discriminant in testing the research hypothesis. The result of analysis indicates that there are significant differences between generation Y by gender and work status. Generation Y’s work values based on gender and work status have the strongest discriminator variables on extrinsic work values.  

scholarly journals Comparing the differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy among prefectures in Japan.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYA TAIRA ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Kei Kamide
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Government Statistics

Abstract Objective: An ecological study using secondary open data from Japanese government statistics was conducted. The study aimed to verify differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy (HLE); namely, disability-free life expectancy without activity limitation (DFLE-AL), life expectancy with self-perceived health (LE-SH), and disability-free life expectancy without care need (DFLE-CN).Results: Each HLE from 47 prefectures in 2010, 2013, and 2016 was extended over time. There were strong Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) between DFLE-AL and LE-SH (Minimum α; 0.80, Maximum α;0.90) as well as between LE and DFLE-CN (Minimum α; 0.92, Maximum α; 0.99) in both sexes in every data year. However, the other pairs had weaker associations. In regression analysis with each HLE as a dependent variable and aging rate, mortality, the proportion of unhealthy people as independent variables, the subjective unhealthy rate had significant standardized partial regression coefficients (β) in models with DFLE-AL and LE-SH as dependent variables (Minimum β; -0.56, Maximum β; -0.34). Therefore, DFLE-CN tended to differ from the other HLEs. The subjective unhealthy rate had a significant influence on DFLE-AL and LE-SH.

scholarly journals Approaches to Control Mechanisms and Their Implications for Companies ’ Profitability: a Study in UAE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Essia Ries Ahmed ◽  
Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah ◽  
Muhammad Shabir Shaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Insider Ownership ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

This study tries to evaluate and test the role of control mechanisms represented by foreign ownership and insider ownership on companies’ profitability in the listed companies in the UAE and whether independent variables are matter in determining the profitability of such companies. This study utilized companies belong to non-financial sector for the year of 2019 with a sample of 50 companies to be analyzed in the current study. To test the independent and dependent variables, regression analysis was used via using SPSS. The findings show that insider ownership has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability On the other hand, the findings revealed evidence to support the effect of foreign ownership on companies’ profitability. Moreover, there is insignificant evidence reflected the fact that companies’ size has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability. This study added further evidence in Dubai context where there is a rare and unique studies that have been done in this important context. It takes in tits account to investigate both insider and foreign ownership and their impact companies’ profitability

scholarly journals Comparing the differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy among prefectures in Japan.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYA TAIRA ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Kei Kamide
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Government Statistics

Abstract Objective: An ecological study using secondary open data from Japanese government statistics was conducted. The study aimed to verify differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy (HLE); namely, disability-free life expectancy without activity limitation (DFLE-AL), life expectancy with self-perceived health (LE-SH), and disability-free life expectancy without care need (DFLE-CN).Results: Each HLE from 47 prefectures in 2010, 2013, and 2016 was extended over time. There were strong Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) between DFLE-AL and LE-SH (Minimum α; 0.80, Maximum α;0.90) as well as between LE and DFLE-CN (Minimum α; 0.92, Maximum α; 0.99) in both sexes in every data year. However, the other pairs had weaker associations. In regression analysis with each HLE as a dependent variable and aging rate, mortality, the proportion of unhealthy people as independent variables, the subjective unhealthy rate had significant standardized partial regression coefficients (β) in models with DFLE-AL and LE-SH as dependent variables (Minimum β; -0.56, Maximum β; -0.34). Therefore, DFLE-CN tended to differ from the other HLEs. The subjective unhealthy rate had a significant influence on DFLE-AL and LE-SH.

Relationship Between Recent Change of Anhedonia and Suicidal Ideation Taking Into Account the Severity and the Acuteness of Suicidal Ideation As Well As the Specific Roles of Loss of Pleasure and Loss of Interest in People: A Study on Medical Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110373
Author(s):  
Alice Solibieda ◽  
Marianne Rotsaert ◽  
Gwenolé Loas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between recent changes of anhedonia or particular symptoms of recent changes of anhedonia and suicidal ideation taking into account the severity of suicidal ideations. In a group of 173 medical students, scores of the anhedonia subscale (ANH-BDI) of the BDI-II (i.e. 4 anhedonia items: loss of pleasure, loss of interest, loss of energy and loss of interest in sex) were compared between 95 subjects without suicidality, 24 subjects with life-time suicidal ideation, 28 subjects with recent suicidal ideation and 26 planners. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed referring to groups as independent variables, the cognitive-affective subscale (CA-BDI) of the BDI-II as a covariate, the ANH-BDI and each of the four anhedonia items as dependent variables. High levels of loss of interest characterized planners when compared to the other three groups. Loss of interest could be associated with recent and severe suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Simplifying Dental Implant Drilling Sequence on Osseointegration: An Experimental Study in Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Giro ◽  
Nick Tovar ◽  
Charles Marin ◽  
Estevam A. Bonfante ◽  
Ryo Jimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Conventional Drilling

Objectives. To test the hypothesis that there would be no differences in osseointegration by reducing the number of drills for site preparation relative to conventional drilling sequence.Methods. Seventy-two implants were bilaterally placed in the tibia of 18 beagle dogs and remained for 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Thirty-six implants were 3.75 mm in diameter and the other 36 were 4.2 mm. Half of the implants of each diameter were placed under a simplified technique (pilot drill + final diameter drill) and the other half were placed under conventional drilling where multiple drills of increasing diameter were utilized. After euthanisation, the bone-implant samples were processed and referred to histological analysis. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone-area-fraction occupancy (BAFO) were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed by GLM ANOVA at 95% level of significance considering implant diameter, timein vivo,and drilling procedure as independent variables and BIC and BAFO as the dependent variables.Results. Both techniques led to implant integration. No differences in BIC and BAFO were observed between drilling procedures as time elapsedin vivo.Conclusions. The simplified drilling protocol presented comparable osseointegration outcomes to the conventional protocol, which proved the initial hypothesis.

scholarly journals Communication about A Business Model within An Organisation in the Opinion of Czechs and Polish

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Marcin Komańda
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Important Correlation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Abstract Business models are nowadays a popular topic in management science. The concept of ontology of business models in particular is used in numerous scientific works within this scope. The issue of shared understanding of a business model within an organisation is becoming essential in this regard. Therefore, this work presents the opinions of young Czechs and Polish studying on faculties of management on the issue of the subject matter of a business model in the dimensions of the way it is communicated within an organisation. The study has been conducted with the aid of a survey. Hundred and twenty persons altogether have given their answers, of which 50% were Polish and the other 50% were Czechs. The existence of statistically important correlation between independent variables (‘nationality’, ‘seniority’) and opinions concerning particular dimensions of communicating about business models within an organisation (dependent variables) has been proven. The existence of these correlations (despite their very low level) in the light of a generally formulated research problem may constitute a premise for conducting further studies on the issue of cultural conditionings of communicating about this problem as well as the way it is practised in Polish and Czech enterprises.

scholarly journals MOBILE USAGE, SHOPPING BEHAVIOR, AND STUDY HABIT AS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 394-408
Author(s):  
Nadzirah Mawi ◽  
Asma Perveen ◽  
Hazalizah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Study Habit ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Behavioral Aspects

This study aims to investigate the effect of certain factors of behavioral aspects on negative emotional states among university students. The behavioral aspects that are selected as independent variables in this study are mobile usage, buying behavior and study habits. On the other hand, the negative emotional states that are discussed in this study is depression, anxiety, and stress. Students (N=377) from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris were selected using stratified sampling and purposive sampling as respondents in this study. Correlation analysis was carried out to briefly inform the reader of the relationship between an independent variable and dependent variable, and also the interrelationship among them. There is a small effect indicated by the correlation coefficient between mobile usage and depression and between mobile usage and anxiety. On the other hand, there is a moderate relationship between mobile usage and stress. As for shopping behavior variable, the results indicated it correlates more with anxiety, followed by stress lastly with depression. Last but not least, there is a significant negative relationship between study habit and all dependent variables. As for among independent variables themselves, the results indicated that there is a significant correlation between that mobile usage with shopping behavior, but not with study habit. Same goes to between shopping behavior and study habit. On the contrary, among dependent variables themselves, the results indicated that there is a significantly high correlation between all of them. Multiple regression analysis is conducted by using SPSS software after testing the assumptions. The results of the regression indicated that the model was a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress. Study habit is a significant contributing factor to reduce depression among university students. Besides that, shopping behavior and study habit are a significant contributing factor to anxiety among university students. On the contrary, mobile usage and study habit are a significant contributing factor to stress among university students.

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