Habit formation viewed as structural change in the behavioral network

Habit formation is a process in which an action becomes involuntary. While goal-directed behavior is driven by its consequences, habits are elicited by a situation rather than its consequences. Existing theories have proposed that actions are controlled by these two distinct systems. Although canonical theories based on such distinctions are starting to be challenged, there is no theoretical framework that implements goal-directed behavior and habits within a single system. Here, we propose a novel theoretical framework by hypothesizing that behavior is a network composed of several responses. With this framework, we have shown that the transition of goal-directed actions to habits is caused by a change in a single network structure. Furthermore, we confirmed that the proposed network model behaves in a manner consistent with the existing experimental results reported in animal behavioral studies. Our results revealed that habit could be formed under the control of a single system rather than two distinct systems. By capturing habit formation as a single network change, this framework can help study habit formation for experimental and theoretical research.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC STRESS, STUDY HABITS ANDACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITIES

It is crucial for students to lessen the academic stress with improving their study habits as they both are important for their academic achievement. Thus, the objective of the research was to explore the relation of academic stress and study habits with academic achievement of undergraduates in universities of Lahore. Research design of study was quantitative approach, followed by correlation research to obtain the objectives. Total population (undergraduate students of education departments), 1721 students; 1214 were from public universities and 507 were from private sector universities. Data was collected by using two questionnaires. The results of research showed that academic stress predicts 54.6% variance in the academic achievement whereas study habits contribute 53.2% variation in academic achievement. Results also showed that academic stress has significant but negative relation with academic achievement of students. It was observed that study habit had significant and positive relationship with academic achievement.

Reconnaissance of the Function of Social Media on Study Habits Of Undergraduate Students in the University of Cape Coast.

The world today is celebrating the improvements in communication technology which has broadened the scope of communication through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Modern Technology in communication no doubt has turned the entire world into a “Global village”. But as it is, technology like two sides of a coin, bring with it both negative and positive sides. The study examined the function of social media on students’ study habit. The study employed a descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach. The stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 217 out of 245 students from level 300(n=111) and 400(n=106)) undergraduate Psychology students. Researchers’-designed questionnaire titled “Usage of Social Media Questionnaire” (USMQ) and ‘‘Students Study Habits Questionnaire” (SSHQ) with Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficients of 0.74 and 0.83 respectively were used to collect data for the study. WhatsApp and Facebook were the predominant social media sites students were exposed to. Students were found to be addicted to social media usage. The study revealed no statistically significant differences in the usage of social media with regards to gender and age. Social media was found to significantly influence the study habits of respondents. Specifically, increased usage of social media resulted in negative study habit. It was recommended that academic counsellors together with the management of tertiary institutions should map out strategies (eg., integration of topics on the pros and cons of social media use in the lecture theatre in various courses of study by lecturers and restriction of social media use during lectures by students) to reduce students’ addiction to social media platforms. It also recommended to students to allow quality time for studies and use of social media for the right purposes, especially their academic studies.

Family, tutors and school: inseparable link of the upper middle-level student

The beginning of a university career is an opportunity that is given to young people when accessing higher education in Mexico, for the student it is hard work and at times it is saturated with difficulties, which manage to resist with motivation, and study habits that help students to finish the university career. The overall objective of this research is to analyze and promote habits to develop the Action Plan Tutorial of the next school year to promote activities that are in line with the interests of students. It is a cross-sectional descriptive investigation through surveys, since variables are not manipulated by naturally targeting phenomena or facts. To carry out this research, a simple sampling was carried out with second and fourth semester students of the Engineering degree in Material Innovation of the UMSNH (Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo). Description of the instrument. Study habits test, admits to appreciating and detailing study habits; which can be managed in groups and/or individual, in an average time of 15 minutes, consists of 20 items. With regard to the questioning if, do you study periodically and not just before the exam? 47% of students refer to only studying from time to time, while 32% study almost always. Environmental condition factors, study planning, material utilization, content assimilation, and sincerity of study habit scales generally show a low-to-normal moderate utilization level trend. Study habits in their different factors require improving the degree of use.

Diagnosis of study habits in engineering students in material innovation

The beginning of a university career is an opportunity that is given to young people when accessing higher education in Mexico, for the student it is hard work and at times it is saturated with difficulties, which manage to resist with motivation, and study habits that help students to finish the university career. The overall objective of this research is to analyze and promote habits to develop the Action Plan Tutorial of the next school year to promote activities that are in line with the interests of students. It is a cross-sectional descriptive investigation through surveys, since variables are not manipulated by naturally targeting phenomena or facts. To carry out this research, a simple sampling was carried out with second and fourth semester students of the Engineering degree in Material Innovation of the UMSNH (Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo). Description of the instrument. Study habits test, admits to appreciating and detailing study habits; which can be managed in groups and/or individual, in an average time of 15 minutes, consists of 20 items. With regard to the questioning if, do you study periodically and not just before the exam? 47% of students refer to only studying from time to time, while 32% study almost always. Environmental condition factors, study planning, material utilization, content assimilation, and sincerity of study habit scales generally show a low-to-normal moderate utilization level trend. Study habits in their different factors require improving the degree of use.

Self-regulated Learning with Open and Distance Learning for Foundation of Applied Mathematics Course

Foundation of Applied Mathematics is one of the mathematics servicing courses for Diploma of Applied Science programme in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. This course was previously taught in a physical classroom using direct confrontation. A few negative factors were found to contribute to the course’s failure rate: i) inadequate exercises, ii) poor study habit and iii) reluctance to consult the lecturer or opting to study with peers only. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, the students are forced to do independent learning at home. Ascribable to this issue, the lecturers were inspired to investigate their students’ motivation and participation in this course, which associate to their self-regulated learning (SRL). This paper presents the implementation of open and distance learning (ODL) in teaching the subject of Foundation of Applied Mathematics. The ODL was intended to promote SRL for student, thereby increasing their motivation and participation in learning activities. At present, no literature has been found study on SRL in current ODL method, mainly for this course. Online questionnaires were collected at the end of March - July 2020 academic semester to investigate students’ perceptions on ODL and its effects to Self-Regulated Learning (SRL). Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the level of agreement for ODL has positive contributions to the students’ SRL.

ACADEMIC STRESS AND STUDY HABIT AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Academic stress according to Bisht (2005) academic stress reflects subject’s perception as Well as the way of coping with academic events; it reflects subjective feelings of distress or Interpersonal perceptual responses. The term Study habits defined as Study Habits implies a sort of more or less permanent mode or method of Studying. In the present study, Study Habits refers to comprehension, concentration, task Orientation, study sets, interaction, drilling, supports, recording, language etc. as the factors of Study Habits as mentioned by Mukhopadhyaya and Sansanwal (2011) in their Study Habit Inventory. Aim: The study was conducted to find out the relationship between academic stress and Study habits among college students. The sample of the present Study was 40 college students out of which 8 were boys and 32 were girls. Bisht Battery of Stress Scales (revised in 2005) by BishtStudy Habit Inventory (2011) by M.Mukhopadhyay and D.N SansanwalWere used as tools for data collection. Result: The results of the Study shows that there is no significant relationship between academic stress and study habits among college students. KEYWORDS: Study Habits, Academic Stress

Study of Academic Achievement in relation to Study Habit, Test Anxiety in Adolescents

The purpose of the study was to investigate academic achievement in relation to study habit, test anxiety and gender. The study sample consisted of 80 students (36 boys and 44 girls) were selected randomly from Baloda Bazaar District. Study habit inventory (Mukhopadhyaya and Sansanwal, 2005) and test anxiety questionnaire (Nist and Diehl, 1990) were used for data collection. The results indicate that there is a three dimension (Recording, Interaction, and Task orientation) positive relationship with academic achievement of students and test anxiety Gender of students is not likely to have any major effect on academic achievement of students.

IMPACT OF FACEBOOK ADDICTION DISORDER (FAD) ON STUDY HABITS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS

With the present era being technology driven, social media has become an indispensable part of many people irrespective of their age. Among different age groups, the maximum users are adolescents and among different social networking sites (SNS), Facebook shares the major part of usage by them. Many adolescents are tending towards excessive usage of Facebook leading to its addiction. Does this addiction have negative influence on adolescents or it actually helps them to keep up with their counterparts and be socially connected to them for their betterment? This question is unanswered specifically when it concerns the impact that it has on the study habits and academic achievement of adolescents. The hypotheses were tested in order to explore the impact of six dimensions (mood modification, deficient self-regulations, salience, loss of control, withdrawal, and relapse) of Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) using Bergens' Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), developed by Andreassen (2012). The results are based on the survey conducted on 200 adolescents studying in different schools of India. The findings indicate that there is a significant negative impact of Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) on study habits and academic achievement of adolescents. The major implication derived is that the higher the addiction to Facebook the study habit become poor and academic achievement decreases resulting in lower grades.