Infantile Autism: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Etiology, and Prognosis—A Research Review

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Brooker ◽  
Thomas R. Mareth
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Infantile Autism ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Few Data

The limited literature on infantile autism is examined for information on clinical features, differential diagnosis, etiology, and prognosis. While personal history usually provides a basis for clinical diagnosis, there are few data on which to plan effectively.

Deafness, Mutism and Mental Deficiency in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1054
Author(s):  
HERMAN YANNET
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Infantile Autism

The causes for the failure of adequate speech development in children include deafness of varying degrees and types, mental deficiency, infantile autism, auditory aphasia, and serious emotional disorders related usually to social deprivation. Since the therapeutic approach as well as the prognosis varies greatly in these different conditions, early differential diagnosis is of paramount importance. This book, actually a rather short monograph of some 80 pages (approx imately 20,000 words), summarizes the various clinical features and diagnostic procedures involved in the differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Bilateral Striopallidodentate Calcinosis in Female: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Arun Kadel ◽  
Avinash Chandra ◽  
Reema Rajbhandari ◽  
Pranaya Shrestha ◽  
Pravesh Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Intracranial Calcification ◽  
Occipital Lobes

Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis (BSPDC) is associated with many neurological and psychiatric abnormalities and most commonly present with extra pyramidal symptoms and can be idiopathic or associated with endocrinopathy, frequently with parathyroid disorders. Here we describe a case who presented with generalized seizure. During workup, the cause of seizure was found to be bilateral and symmetric, extensive, irregular, intraparenchymal calcifications involving the basal ganglia, thalamus and dentate nucleus, white matter in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes and dentate nuclei of cerebellum. On the basis of clinical features, investigations, and exclusion of other causes of intracranial calcification a clinical diagnosis of BSPDC was made. BSPDC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endocrinopathy particularly parathyroid disorders, when associated with neurological and psychiatric abnormalities.

Picture Recognition Errors in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Helmut Hildebrandt ◽  
Jana Schill ◽  
Jana Bördgen ◽  
Andreas Kastrup ◽  
Paul Eling
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Picture Recognition ◽  
Recognition Errors

Abstract. This article explores the possibility of differentiating between patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and patients with other kinds of dementia by focusing on false alarms (FAs) on a picture recognition task (PRT). In Study 1, we compared AD and non-AD patients on the PRT and found that FAs discriminate well between these groups. Study 2 served to improve the discriminatory power of the FA score on the picture recognition task by adding associated pairs. Here, too, the FA score differentiated well between AD and non-AD patients, though the discriminatory power did not improve. The findings suggest that AD patients show a liberal response bias. Taken together, these studies suggest that FAs in picture recognition are of major importance for the clinical diagnosis of AD.

Reconsidering NMIHBA Core Features: Macrocephaly Is Not a So Unusual Sign in PRUNE1-Related Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Battini ◽  
Enrico Bertini ◽  
Roberta Milone ◽  
Chiara Aiello ◽  
Rosa Pasquariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Recurrent Mutation ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Alexander Disease ◽  
Brain Anomalies ◽  
Progressive Encephalopathy ◽  
Core Features

Abstract PRUNE1-related disorders manifest as severe neurodevelopmental conditions associated with neurodegeneration, implying a differential diagnosis at birth with static encephalopathies, and later with those manifesting progressive brain damage with the involvement of both the central and the peripheral nervous system.Here we report on another patient with PRUNE1 (p.Asp106Asn) recurrent mutation, whose leukodystrophy, inferior olives hyperintensity, and macrocephaly led to the misleading clinical suspicion of Alexander disease. Clinical features, together with other recent descriptions, suggest avoiding the term “microcephaly” in defining this disorder that could be renamed “neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies” (NPEHBA).

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of dual-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging for detection and differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyoung Oh ◽  
Narae Lee ◽  
Chanwoo Kim ◽  
Hye Joo Son ◽  
Changhwan Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Parkinsonian Disorders ◽  
Regional Brain Activity ◽  
Delayed Phase

AbstractDelayed phase 18F-FP-CIT PET (dCIT) can assess the striatal dopamine transporter binding to detect degenerative parkinsonism (DP). Early phase 18F-FP-CIT (eCIT) can assess the regional brain activity for differential diagnosis among parkinsonism similar with 18F-FDG PET. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of dual phase 18F-FP-CIT PET (dual CIT) and 18F-FDG PET compared with clinical diagnosis in 141 subjects [36 with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD), 77 with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 18 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 10 with non-DP)]. Visual assessment of eCIT, dCIT, dual CIT, 18F-FDG and 18F-FDG PET with dCIT was in agreement with the clinical diagnosis in 61.7%, 69.5%, 95.7%, 81.6%, and 97.2% of cases, respectively. ECIT showed about 90% concordance with non-DP and MSA, and 8.3% and 27.8% with IPD and PSP, respectively. DCIT showed ≥ 88% concordance with non-DP, IPD, and PSP, and 49.4% concordance with MSA. Dual CIT showed ≥ 90% concordance in all groups. 18F-FDG PET showed ≥ 90% concordance with non-DP, MSA, and PSP, but only 33.3% concordance with IPD. The combination of 18F-FDG and dCIT yielded ≥ 90% concordance in all groups. Dual CIT may represent a powerful alternative to the combination of 18F-FDG PET and dCIT for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders.

Pituitary Apoplexy and Its Effect on Vision

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. McFadzean ◽  
David Doyle ◽  
Roy Rampling ◽  
Evelyn Teasdale ◽  
Graham Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Results Of Treatment

Abstract A series of 15 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy is reviewed. Clinical features are highlighted, with stress on the defects of visual function and ocular motility, and the associated endocrine abnormalities are described. Potential diagnostic errors and their significance are considered. The incidence of this complication in a large series of pituitary adenoma patients is measured, and the radiological and pathological findings are recorded. The results of treatment by surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or bromocriptine are assessed, particularly in relation to visual consequences, and compared with previous reports in the literature, which are reviewed.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Neuralgias of the Trigeminal Nerve

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atypical Facial Pain ◽  
Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

Practitioners are often presented with patients who complain bitterly of facial pain. The trigeminal nerve is involved in four conditions that are sometimes mixed up. The four conditions - trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia and atypical facial pain - are discussed under the headings of clinical features, differential diagnosis, cause and treatment. This article should help practitioners to differentiate one from the other and to manage their care.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN BREATH HOLDING SPELLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599
Author(s):  
Niels L. Low ◽  
Erna L. Gibbs ◽  
Frederic A. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Convulsive Disorders

After reviewing the literature on breath holding spells, it seemed desirable to determine whether any electroencephalographic abnormality is revealed by recordings during sleep in such cases. One hundred twenty-nine children between the ages of 7 months and 11½ years with breath holding spells were examined electroencephalographically while awake and during sleep. Seventy-seven of these children were boys and 52 were girls. All these children but one had normal electroencephalograms. One tracing taken during a breath holding spell is reproduced which shows slow wave but no seizure activity. The clinical diagnosis is discussed and it is concluded that the electroencephalogram in combination with the history and clinical observation is of value in the differential diagnosis between breath holding spells and convulsive disorders.

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