Selection of the Appropriate Number of Factors: A Case of Questionable Dimensions

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cyr ◽  
L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Selection Of

Based on a factor analysis of the SCL-90, Evenson, et al. in 1980 suggested that a 12-factor solution best described their data. In light of previous literature and a close examination of the Evenson, et al. data, it is suggested by the present authors that only five factors should have been interpreted. Selection of the appropriate number of factors should be based on multiple indicators prior to labeling and interpretation.

The five‐factor personality model in applied settings

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Montag ◽  
Joseph Levin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Two studies of the Revised NEO‐Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) conducted on two different applicant samples (one consisting of 539 female subjects and the other consisting of 396 male subjects) are reported. Factor analysis of the female sample yielded a five‐factor solution, highly congruent with the factors presented by Costa, McCrae and Dye (1991). Results of the male data were less clear‐cut, yielding four to five factors which were moderately congruent with the American data. The combined male and female sample showed again high congruence coefficients. Various minor deviations in the location of the facet variables are discussed.

scholarly journals Likert scale and change in range of response categories vs. the factors extraction in EFA model

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (311) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Tarka
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective article is the comparative analysis of Likert rating scale based on the following range of response categories, i.e. 5, 7, 9 and 11 in context of the appropriate process of factors extraction in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The problem which is being addressed in article relates primarily to the methodological aspects, both in selection of the optimal number of response categories of the measured items (constituting the Likert scale) and identification of possible changes, differences or similarities associated (as a result of the impact of four types of scales) with extraction and determination the appropriate number of factors in EFA model.Keywords: Exploratory factor analysis, Likert scale, experiment research, marketing

scholarly journals Analysis of Factor that Preferred by Customer in the Selection of Batara Savings Products at BTN Bank Branch Kamal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Moh Jufriyanto ◽  
Yudha Dwi Putra Negara ◽  
Doni Abdul Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
Bank Branch ◽  
Scree Plot ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Eigen Value ◽  
Mutually Independent ◽  
Selection Of

Factor analysis is a statistical analysis that tries to find a relationship (interrelationship) between a number of variables are mutually independent from one another, so that it can be made one or several sets of variables are less than the amount of the initial variables. Researchers want to conduct research on the factors that necessitated the customer in product selection god savings deposits at Bank BTN Kamal, Bangkalan by factor analysis approach. From the results in getting that formed five factors capable of representing on the seventeenth of the variables used factor analysis conducted, five factors formed can be seen from the eigen value more than 1 and pictures scree plot. Factors which is made by customers of Bank BTN in the selection of savings products Batara ie Employee Bank BTN responsive in serving, security transactions, procedures (and requirements) account opening Savings Batara easy was infested, Administration fee is low, and Employees of Bank BTN can give correct information and clear.

Taxonomy and structure of Hungarian personality traits

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Szirmák ◽  
Boele De Raad
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Test Case ◽  
European Language ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Crucial Test ◽  
Selection Of

This study reports on the application of the principles of the lexical approach to a non‐Indo‐European language, namely Hungarian. This language is a Uralic island surrounded on all sides by Indo‐European languages. In addition, the Hungarians are, in terms of cultural features, Europeans. These conditions provide a great opportunity for a crucial test case of the lexical approach to personality. Study 1 reports on the different phases of the selection of the trait terms from the Hungarian lexicon, a categorization into kinds of personality‐relevant terms, a comparison of the category findings with those of other languages, and on indices of relevance of the personality terms. Of the total number of 8738 personality‐relevant terms, 3914 adjectives were used for Study 2. In that study, personality descriptiveness ratings were obtained from a group of judges (N = 5). On the basis of these ratings, a manageable set of 624 adjectives was selected for a rating task. Four hundred subjects provided self‐ratings on the 624 adjectives. On the basis of the means and standard deviations of the ratings, the set of 624 was further reduced to 561 adjectives. On ipsatized data, principal components analyses were performed. Both a four‐factor solution and a five‐factor solution, which were Varimax‐rotated, are presented. The correspondence of these factors to the traditional Big Five factors is discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring Factor Structures Of A Thinking Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Hazlina Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Strongly Agree

The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of a thinking questionnaire through Factor Analysis over a Malaysian university students’ sample. The questionnaire is a 5 point Likert scale survey ranging from Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree, intended to measure students’ self-reflection on their thinking upon their Invention Project. A total of 350 undergraduate students from various faculties participated in this study. Principal Component Analysis was used because the primary purpose was to identify and compute composite thinking scores for the factors underlying the Thinking questionnaire. The five factor solution, which explained 52.4% of the variance was chosen because of the ‘levelling off’ of eigenvalues on the scree plot after five factors, and was also confirmed by the Monte Carlo Parallel Analysis which indicated smaller values of the 5 factors compared to the eigenvalues displayed in the SPSS.

scholarly journals How Motivation as Quality Influence ESL Learners’ Attitudes toward English Pronunciation Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Pronunciation Instruction ◽  
Ideal L2 Self ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
L2 Pronunciation

The current study attempted to examine ESL learners’ attitudes toward L2 pronunciation learning and meanwhile, toinvestigate how these learners’ qualitative motivation explain their attitudes toward pronunciation learning. A total of124 ESL learners participated in the survey in which several questionnaires were included regarding L2 selfrepresentations (Papi et al., 2018), chronic regulatory focus (Higgins et al., 2001) and L2 learners attitudes towardpronunciation learning (Elliot, 1995a; Gardner, 1985). An exploratory factor analysis was performed on allpronunciation items and the results revealed a threefold-factor solution: importance of pronunciation, learningpronunciation for communicative purpose and preference for native accent. The data analysis suggested thatpromotion-focused orientation, ideal L2 self own, ought-to L2 self own and ought-to L2 self other were respectivelycorrelated with ESL learners’ attitudes toward all three factors of pronunciation learning. Particularly, ideal L2 selfown was found to predict more positive attitude toward the importance of pronunciation learning and toward thepreference for native accent than ought-to L2 self own, while the former one also predicted more negative attitudetoward learning pronunciation for communicative purpose. The study has yielded significant implications forresearchers regarding the understanding of motivation from its qualitative perspective which delineates individual’sinclination to different goals and to specific strategies for attaining these goals (Papi, 2018), as well as for ESLinstructors concerning the improvement of L2 pronunciation pedagogy and the selection of motivational approachesfor L2 pronunciation instruction.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE LATVIAN VERSION OF THE EMOTION REGULATION SKILLS QUESTIONNAIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Iluta Kristiņa-Everte ◽  
Inese Paiča ◽  
Kristīne Mārtinsone
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The aim of this study was to carry out the adaption of the Latvian version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ-27)(SEK-27, Berking Znoj, 2008) for adults witch evaluates nine dimensions of emotion regulation skills. The questionnaire was completed by 376 adults (82% women and 18% men), aged 18 – 69 years (M = 31.2, SD = 12.99). The calculations for the adapted questionnaire were made for the Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability and determination of the convergent and factorial validity. The five-factor solution proposed by the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was tested and compared with the theoretically postulated nine-factor solution using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The nine-factor model results in the Latvian version questionnaire explain 72% of varienace, but five-factors – 59.76%. The results for EFA and CFA were both higher in the nine-factor model. The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) of the scales varied from 0.64 to 0.82, test-retest correlations ranged between 0.82 – 0.94. Similar results of the factor analysis were found in other research studies. Findings from this study showed significant evidence for the reliability and validity of the ERSQ-27 and it would be advisable to continue using it in scientific research.

Task and Relationship Conflict at Work

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Anna Grohmann ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The distinction between task and relationship conflict is well established. Based on Jehn’s (1995) intragroup conflict scale, we developed an economic six-item questionnaire for assessing relationship and task conflict in work groups. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on data from a convenience sample (N = 247), and confirmed the original two-factor solution. The stability of the obtained two-factor solution was supported by confirmatory factor analysis in a longitudinal design with a second sample (N = 431) from the industrial sector. In line with previous research, the two types of conflict were intercorrelated. Moreover, the two subscales showed differential longitudinal effects on team outcomes. Task conflict was beneficial for performance in nonroutine tasks (but not in routine tasks). Relationship conflict had a negative impact on team viability and coworker trust.

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