Effect of Marital Discord on Parental Reports on the Child Behavior Checklist

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon A. Rosenberg ◽  
Paramjit Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Marital Discord ◽  
Behavior Difficulties ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychiatry Program

The relationship between indicators of marital discord and differences between parents' reports of the behavior of their children on a symptom/behavior checklist was investigated for a sample of 18 consecutive admissions to an inpatient child psychiatry program. The parents independently and separately were administered the Achenbach and Edelbrock Child Behavior Checklist. An experienced clinician rated the families on three indices of marital discord following a paired-comparison procedure. The findings indicated that the greater the marital difficulty, the greater the difference in the adults' ratings of behavior difficulties in the children. Since marital discord can influence parents' perceptions of their children's behavior, sex of parent cannot be ignored as a variable in studies utilizing behavioral checklists for such purposes as a dependent measure of therapeutic change.

Bidirectional Associations of Childhood Stuttering With Behavior and Temperament

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Simone P. C. Koenraads ◽  
Pauline W. Jansen ◽  
Robert Jan Baatenburg de Jong ◽  
Marc P. van der Schroeff ◽  
Marie-Christine Franken
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Behavior Difficulties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose Behavior and temperament (e.g., emotional reactivity, self-regulation) have been considered relevant to stuttering and its developmental course, but the direction of this relation is still unknown. Knowledge of behavior difficulties and temperament in childhood stuttering can improve screening and intervention. The current study examined both directions of the relationship between stuttering and behavior difficulties and temperament and between persistent stuttering and behavior difficulties and temperament across childhood. Method This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort from fetal life onward in the Netherlands. We analyzed data from 145 children (4.2%) with a history of stuttering (118 recovered, 27 persistent) and 3,276 children without such a history. Behavior and temperament were repeatedly assessed using parental questionnaires (Child Behavior Checklist) and Infant/Child Behavior Questionnaire between 0.5 and 9 years of age. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. Results Six-month-old children who were less able to “recover from distress,” indicating poor self-regulation, were more likely to develop persistent stuttering later in childhood (odds ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.03, 4.05], p = .04). In the opposite direction, children with a history of stuttering showed more negative affectivity (β = 0.19, 95% CI [0.02, 0.37], p = .03) at 6 years of age than children without such a history. Stuttering persistence was associated with increased internalizing behaviors (β = 0.38, 95% CI [0.03, 0.74], p = .04) and higher emotional reactivity (β = 0.53, 95% CI [0.09, 0.89], p = .02) at the age of 9 years. Conclusions Behavior and temperament were associated with stuttering persistency—seemingly as both predictor and consequence—but did not predict a history of stuttering. We suggest that children who persist in stuttering should be carefully monitored, and if behavioral or temperamental problems appear, treatment for these problems should be offered. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16869479

scholarly journals Prenatal maternal and childhood bisphenol a exposure and brain structure and behavior of young children

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody N. Grohs ◽  
◽  
Jess E. Reynolds ◽  
Jiaying Liu ◽  
Jonathan W. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used in the manufacture of plastics and epoxy resins. In North America, over 90% of the population has detectable levels of urinary BPA. Human epidemiological studies have reported adverse behavioral outcomes with BPA exposure in children, however, corresponding effects on children’s brain structure have not yet been investigated. The current study examined the association between prenatal maternal and childhood BPA exposure and white matter microstructure in children aged 2 to 5 years, and investigated whether brain structure mediated the association between BPA exposure and child behavior. Methods Participants were 98 mother-child pairs who were recruited between January 2009 and December 2012. Total BPA concentrations in spot urine samples obtained from mothers in the second trimester of pregnancy and from children at 3–4 years of age were analyzed. Children participated in a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at age 2–5 years (3.7 ± 0.8 years). Associations between prenatal maternal and childhood BPA and children’s fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of 10 isolated white matter tracts were investigated, controlling for urinary creatinine, child sex, and age at the time of MRI. Post-hoc analyses examined if alterations in white matter mediated the relationship of BPA and children’s scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results Prenatal maternal urinary BPA was significantly associated with child mean diffusivity in the splenium and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Splenium diffusivity mediated the relationship between maternal prenatal BPA levels and children’s internalizing behavior (indirect effect: β = 0.213, CI [0.0167, 0.564]). No significant associations were found between childhood BPA and white matter microstructure. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence for the neural correlates of BPA exposure in humans. Our findings suggest that prenatal maternal exposure to BPA may lead to alterations in white matter microstructure in preschool aged children, and that such alterations mediate the relationship between early life exposure to BPA and internalizing problems.

Behavioural Inhibition, Attachment and Anxiety in Children of Mothers with Anxiety Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Manassis ◽  
Susan Bradley ◽  
Susan Goldberg ◽  
Jane Hood ◽  
Richard Price Swinson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

Objective This study examined the relationship between behavioural inhibition, insecure mother-child attachment and evidence of anxiety in the offspring of mothers with anxiety disorders. Method Twenty children aged 18 to 59 months who were born to 18 mothers with diagnosed anxiety disorders were examined for behavioural inhibition (Kagan's measures) and mother-child attachment (Strange Situation Procedure). Child anxiety was assessed using DSM-III-R criteria and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results Sixty-five percent of the children were behaviourally inhibited. They showed more somatic problems and fewer destructive behaviours than those who were not inhibited. Eighty percent of the children were insecurely attached. They had higher CBCL internalizing scores than secure children and three of them met diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders. Conclusion Though preliminary, this work suggests a need to identify children of anxious mothers as being at risk for anxiety, especially in the presence of inhibited temperament or attachment difficulties.

Maternal Impression Management in the Assessment of Childhood Depressive Symptomatology

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Lilly ◽  
Thompson E. Davis ◽  
Peter J. Castagna ◽  
Arwen Marker ◽  
Allison B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Parenting Stress Index ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Self-report instruments are commonly used to assess for childhood depressive symptoms. Historically, clinicians have relied heavily on parent-reports due to concerns about childrens’ cognitive abilities to understand diagnostic questions. However, parents may also be unreliable reporters due to a lack of understanding of their child's symptomatology, overshadowing by their own problems, and tendencies to promote themselves more favourably in order to achieve desired assessment goals. One such variable that can lead to unreliable reporting is impression management, which is a goal-directed response in which an individual (e.g. mother or father) attempts to represent themselves, or their child, in a socially desirable way to the observer. Aims: This study examined the relationship between mothers who engage in impression management, as measured by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form defensive responding subscale, and parent-/child-self-reports of depressive symptomatology in 106 mother–child dyads. Methods: 106 clinic-referred children (mean child age = 10.06 years, range 7–16 years) were administered the Child Depression Inventory, and mothers (mean mother age = 40.80 years, range 27–57 years) were administered the Child-Behavior Checklist, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results: As predicted, mothers who engaged in impression management under-reported their child's symptomatology on the anxious/depressed and withdrawn subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist. Moreover, the relationship between maternal-reported child depressive symptoms and child-reported depressive symptoms was moderated by impression management. Conclusions: These results suggest that children may be more reliable reporters of their own depressive symptomatology when mothers are highly defensive or stressed.

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

Mütterliche Belastung bei Kindern mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom, Down-Syndrom, geistiger Behinderung nichtsyndromaler Ätiologie im Vergleich zu der nichtbehinderter Kinder

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gosch
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Kindliches Verhalten

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Studie sollte geklärt werden, ob sich Mütter von Kindern mit geistiger Behinderung unterschiedlicher Ätiologie (Williams-Beuren-Syndrom - WBS, Down-Syndrom - DS, nichtsyndromaler Ätiologie - LB/GB) von Müttern nichtbehinderter Kinder in ihrem Belastungserleben unterscheiden. Methodik: Es wurden 85 Mütter von Kindern mit WBS, DS, LB/GB und Mütter von nichtbehinderten Kindern (VG) mithilfe des Patenting Stress Indexes (PSI) befragt. Den Müttern wurde zusätzlich die Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) vorgelegt, um kindliche Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu erfassen. Die Parallelisierung fand anhand desAlters der Kinder, des Geschlechts und der Wortschatztestleistung im Hamburg Wechsler Intelligenztest (HAWIK-R) statt. Ergebnisse: Mütter von Kindern mit WBS und DS weisen einen signifikanten höheren PSI-Gesamtstresswert auf als Mütter von Kindern mit LB/GB und VG. Dieses Ergebnis ist auf signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen bezüglich des kindbezogenen Stresses, aber nicht der elternbezogenen Belastung, zurückzuführen. Auf Subskalenebene des Kinderbereichs fühlen sich Mütter von Kindern mit WBS und DS im Vergleich zu den anderen beiden Gruppen signifikant durch die kindlichen Anforderungen und dem wenig akzeptablen Verhalten ihres Kindes belastet. Mütter von Kindern mit LB/GB beschreiben sich ebenfalls als signifikant belasteter durch ein unakzeptables kindliches Verhalten als Mütter normalentwickelter Kinder. Mütter von Kindern mit WBS schätzen ihre Belastung durch ein hyperaktives Verhalten, eine geringe Anpassungsfähigkeit und größere Stimmungslabilität ihrer Kinder signifikant höher ein als Mütter der anderen drei Gruppen. Bezüglich des Erwachsenenbereichs schätzen sich Mütter von Kindern mit DS als signifikant depressiver und weniger kompetent in ihrem Erziehungsverhalten ein und geben mehr Gesundheitssorgen an als Mütter der anderen drei Gruppen. Mütter von Kindern mit LB/GB fühlen sich im Vergleich zu den anderen Gruppen am wenigsten durch partnerschaftliche Probleme belastet und in ihrer elterlichen Rolle eingeschränkt. Kein Zusammenhang kann zwischen dem kindlichen Alter, dem sozioökonomischen Status und dem Belastungsgrad gesehen werden, allerdings korrelieren der Grad der geistigen Behinderung als auch der Verhaltensauffälligkeiten signifikant mit dem mütterlichen Belastungsgrad. Schlussfolgerung: Es kann festgehalten werden, dass es sowohl allgemeine Belastungsfaktoren wie die hohen Anforderungen durch das Kind und sein unakzeptableres Verhalten gibt, die mit einer kindlichen Behinderung einhergehen als auch spezifische, die mit dem Verhaltensphänotyp eines Syndroms assoziiert sind.

Anwendbarkeit der Child Behavior Checklist bei entwicklungsgestörten Kindern

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Noterdaeme ◽  
F. Minow ◽  
H. Amorosa
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Soziale Probleme

Zusammenfassung: Frage: Die Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) wird in großen, unausgelesenen Stichproben verwendet, um Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu erfassen. In der hier vorgelegten Arbeit wird untersucht, inwieweit sich die CBCL eignet, um die bei einer Stichprobe entwicklungsgestörter Kinder typischerweise auftretenden Probleme zu erfassen. Methodik: Es wurden zwei Stichproben entwicklungsgestörter Kinder, bei denen Schwierigkeiten im Bereich der Sprache und der Kommunikation bestanden, untersucht. Es handelte sich um 34 Kinder mit einem frühkindlichen Autismus und 34 alters-, geschlechts- und intelligenzparallelisierte Kinder mit einer spezifischen Sprachentwicklungsstörung. Bei den zwei Stichproben wurde im Rahmen der routinemäßigen Abklärung der Symptomatik die CBCL ausgefüllt. Ergebnisse: Die Hälfte der sprachgestörten Kinder hatten im CBCL-Gesamtscore Werte im klinischen Bereich. Bei diesen Kindern sind die Probleme vor allem auf den Skalen «Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen», «Soziale Probleme» und «Zurückgezogenheit» anzutreffen. Etwa zwei Drittel der autistischen Kinder werden auf den oben genannten Syndromskalen als auffällig eingestuft. 32 der 34 autistischen Kinder erreichen auf der Skala V «Schizoid/Zwanghaft» auffällige Werte, während dies nur für ein sprachgestörtes Kind der Fall ist. Die Einzelitem-Analyse zeigt, daß in beiden Stichproben überdurchschnittlich häufig über entwicklungsbezogene Probleme (Sprechprobleme, Einnässen…) berichtet wird. Schlußfolgerungen: Die CBCL ist geeignet, um die bei entwicklungsgestörten Kindern charakteristischen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu erfassen. Diese Auffälligkeite n werden sowohl auf der Ebene der Syndromskalen wie auch durch Einzelitems erfaßt. Hohe Werte auf der Skala «Schizoid/Zwanghaft» sollten bei diesen Kindern Anlaß zu einer gezielten diagnostischen Abklärung eines frühkindlichen Autismus geben.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

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