Limbic System-Frontal Lobes' Role in Subtypes of “Atypical Rape”

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneliese A. Pontius
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity Mapping ◽  
Trigger Stimulus ◽  
Extreme Change ◽  
Alteration Of Consciousness ◽  
First Time

Two possible subtypes of fronto-limbic dysfunctioning are implicated in certain cases of rape involving extreme change in the perpetrator's sexual preference regarding the victim's gender, age group or kind of sexual act: (1) temporal lobe epilepsy, supported by electroencephalogram and brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM), both showing bilateral temporal lobe dysfunction, left more than right, and (2) a newly proposed Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction which is reminiscent of “kindling”: a moderate, though frequently repeated experience is suddenly revived by a specific stimulus, unwittingly provided by a stranger, the victim-to-be. The trigger stimulus evokes a sudden (20 min. long) seizure-like episode, typically with first-time hallucinations and autonomic nervous system symptoms, and there is no (significant) alteration of consciousness with full recall of the sexual and/or homicidal attack.

Antiticiombin III Deficiency In A Large Family with 41 Affected Members

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Stibbe ◽  
S Adhin ◽  
G L Ong ◽  
R S Panday ◽  
S H Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
At Iii ◽  
L 51 ◽  
First Time

Hereditary Antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency was found in a large Hindustani family, living partly in the Netherlands, partly in Suriname. Of 201 members investigated 35 were found to affected: AT III activity (chromogenic substrate) and AT III antigen (immuno-electrophoresis according to Laurell) were about 45 %. Analysis of this fanily clearly demonstrated the autosomal dominant inheritance of the condition. Six non-investigated members (1 living, 5 non-living) were diagnosed as being affected on the basis of affected offspring.Seventeen affected members had no signs of thrombo-embolic(TE) processes (age group 0-10 years old, n=2; 11-20, n=5; 21-30, n=4; 31-40, n=4; 41-50, n=2). Thirteen showed clinical or proven signs of TE processes (first time in age group 0-10 years old, n=0; 11-20, n=l; 21-30, n=G; 31-40, n=4; 41-50,n=l; 51-60, n=0; 61-70, n=l). No clinical information is yet available on the remaining affected members. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurred in 9 patients (age group 21-30, n=5; 31-40, n=3; 61-70, n=l). Triggering factors were none 4, surgery 1, oral contraceptives and preg- nancy4. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 6 patients (2 clinical, 4 proven) and was fatal in 4; ages were 19, 21, 26, 37, 48 and 68 years old. Pregnancy was uncomplicated in 3 women (total of 4 pregnancies), one of these women was treated prophylactically with anticoagulants during pregnancy (1 pregnancy). Two women (9 pregnancies) had a thrombotic episode (1st and 3rd pregnancy respectively) and 1 woman died suddenly 7 days after her 7th childbirth. DVT occurred in 2 of 4 women who used oral contraceptive pills.In some symptomless patients (age 22, 26, 32, 33, 40 years old) impedance plethysmography (n=5), 125I-fibrinogen leg scanning (n=3), 125I-fibrinogen T½(n=3) and 51C-platelet survival (n=l) were normal

scholarly journals Drosophila Stathmin: A Microtubule-destabilizing Factor Involved in Nervous System Formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 698-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Ozon ◽  
Antoine Guichet ◽  
Olivier Gavet ◽  
Siegfried Roth ◽  
André Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Germ Cell Migration ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
First Time

Stathmin is a ubiquitous regulatory phosphoprotein, the generic element of a family of neural phosphoproteins in vertebrates that possess the capacity to bind tubulin and interfere with microtubule dynamics. Although stathmin and the other proteins of the family have been associated with numerous cell regulations, their biological roles remain elusive, as in particular inactivation of the stathmin gene in the mouse resulted in no clear deleterious phenotype. We identified stathmin phosphoproteins inDrosophila, encoded by a unique gene sharing the intron/exon structure of the vertebrate stathmin andstathmin family genes. They interfere with microtubule assembly in vitro, and in vivo when expressed in HeLa cells. Drosophila stathmin expression is regulated during embryogenesis: it is high in the migrating germ cells and in the central and peripheral nervous systems, a pattern resembling that of mammalian stathmin. Furthermore, RNA interference inactivation ofDrosophila stathmin expression resulted in germ cell migration arrest at stage 14. It also induced important anomalies in nervous system development, such as loss of commissures and longitudinal connectives in the ventral cord, or abnormal chordotonal neuron organization. In conclusion, a single Drosophilagene encodes phosphoproteins homologous to the entire vertebrate stathmin family. We demonstrate for the first time their direct involvement in major biological processes such as development of the reproductive and nervous systems.

NO nerves in a tapeworm. NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry in adult Hymenolepis diminuta

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. S. Gustafsson ◽  
A. M. Lindholm ◽  
N. B. Terenina ◽  
M. Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Internal Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nerve Cords

SUMMARYThe free radical nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has recently been discovered to function as a neuronal messenger. The presence of NOS was detected in the nervous system of adult Hymenolepis diminuta with NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. The NADPH-d histochemical reaction is regarded as a selective marker for NOS in neuronal tissue. NADPH-d staining was observed in nerve fibres in the main and minor nerve cords and the transverse ring commissures, and in cell bodies in the brain commissure, along the main nerve cords, in the suckers and the rostellar sac. NADPH-d staining was also observed in the wall of the internal seminal vesicle and the genital atrium. The pattern of NADPH-d staining was compared with that of the 5-HT immunoreactive nervous elements. The NADPH-d staining reaction and the 5-HT immunoreactivity occur in separate sets of neurons. This is the first time the NADPH-d reaction has been demonstrated in the nervous system of a flatworm, indicating that NOS is present and that NO can be produced at this level of evolution.

scholarly journals Humoral regulation of neuromuscular transmission and neurotrophic control of skeletal muscle fiber

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
G. I. Poletaev
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Neurotrophic Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Humoral Regulation

The mechanism of nerve-to-muscle transmission, as well as the trophic influence of the nervous system on effector organs, have always been in the focus of attention of scientists of the Kazan physiological school. Suffice it to recall the famous physiologist A.F. Samoilov, who in 1924 for the first time established the chemical nature of neuromuscular transmission.

scholarly journals Marcello Malpighi: the nervous system under a microscope

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-349
Author(s):  
Eliasz ENGELHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
New Era ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Histological Processing ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT The longstanding study of gross anatomy experienced a considerable improvement with the advent of the microscope in the early 17th century. The representative personality of this new era certainly was Marcello Malpighi, seen as “founder of microscopic anatomy”. He studied, with a rudimentary compound microscope, numerous tissues and organs of several classes of animals, as well as plants. He described, for the first time, the microscopic structure of the nervous system, identifying in the gray matter of its various levels minute elements he took as “glands”. It should be reminded that the concept of “cell” (and “nerve cell”) was unknown at his time. Many researchers followed, performing microscopic studies, but without better results, and Malpighi’s view was maintained until the beginning of the 19th century, when new histological processing and staining techniques appeared, as well as improved microscopes.

scholarly journals Dynamics of paediatric urogenital schistosome infection, morbidity and treatment: a longitudinal study among preschool children in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e000661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick Nii Mensah Osakunor ◽  
Takafira Mduluza ◽  
Nicholas Midzi ◽  
Margo Chase-Topping ◽  
Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Praziquantel Treatment ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Urinary Morbidity ◽  
First Time

BackgroundRecent research has shown that in schistosome-endemic areas preschool-aged children (PSAC), that is, ≤5 years, are at risk of infection. However, there exists a knowledge gap on the dynamics of infection and morbidity in this age group. In this study, we determined the incidence and dynamics of the first urogenital schistosome infections, morbidity and treatment in PSAC.MethodsChildren (6 months to 5 years) were recruited and followed up for 12 months. Baseline demographics, anthropometric and parasitology data were collected from 1502 children. Urinary morbidity was assessed by haematuria and growth-related morbidity was assessed using standard WHO anthropometric indices. Children negative for Schistosoma haematobium infection were followed up quarterly to determine infection and morbidity incidence.ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of S haematobium infection and microhaematuria was 8.5% and 8.6%, respectively. Based on different anthropometric indices, 2.2%–8.2% of children were malnourished, 10.1% underweight and 18.0% stunted. The fraction of morbidity attributable to schistosome infection was 92% for microhaematuria, 38% for stunting and malnutrition at 9%–34%, depending on indices used. S haematobium-positive children were at greater odds of presenting with microhaematuria (adjusted OR (AOR)=25.6; 95% CI 14.5 to 45.1) and stunting (AOR=1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.7). Annual incidence of S haematobium infection and microhaematuria was 17.4% and 20.4%, respectively. Microhaematuria occurred within 3 months of first infection and resolved in a significant number of children, 12 weeks post-praziquantel treatment, from 42.3% to 10.3%; P<0.001.ConclusionWe demonstrated for the first time the incidence of schistosome infection in PSAC, along with microhaematuria, which appears within 3 months of first infection and resolves after praziquantel treatment. A proportion of stunting and malnutrition is attributable to S haematobium infection. The study adds scientific evidence to the calls for inclusion of PSAC in schistosome control programmes.

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