Attitudes toward Women as Managers with Regard to Sex, Education, Work, and Marital Status

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ware ◽  
Jerilyn J. Cooper-Studebaker
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Managerial Success ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Difference

Participants were 58 undergraduate and 55 MBA students who were administered the Women as Managers Scale. Analysis indicated that over-all, females rated women as managers more favorably than did males. Much of the difference was accounted for with the category of traits considered necessary to managerial success. Part-time workers and graduate students indicated more favorable attitudes. More specifically, male graduate students who worked part time indicated significantly more favorable attitudes in this category than those who worked full time and attended undergraduate school.

Women and Entrepreneurship – Albanian Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Anna Xheka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Difference

Women’s entrepreneurship is a powerful source, regarding to the women’s economic independence and empowerment, as well as regarding employment generation, economic growth and innovation, development and the reduction of poverty as well as one of the terms of gender equality. This poster presents the situation of women's entrepreneurship in Europe in comparative terms, with special focus in Albania. The paper has a descriptive nature. Describes three different plans in comparative terms; the representation of men and women in entrepreneurship, the representation of women in entrepreneurship in different countries of Europe and of Europe as a whole, as well as compare to gender quota. Through the processing of secondary data from various reports and studies, this poster concludes that although that the gender equality goal is the equal participation of men and women in all sectors, including the entrepreneurship, in this sector, gender gap it is still deep. Another significant comparative aspect, it is the difference between full and part –time women entrepreneurship. While in full time entrepreneurship in a convince way, men are those that dominate, in part time entrepreneurship clearly it’s evident the opposite trend, women's representation is much higher. It’s very interesting the fact, that the women’s entrepreneurship in Albania, presented in a significant optimistic situation, ranking in the second place, after Greece in the European level

scholarly journals Gender Roles and Employment Pathways of Older Women and Men in England

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401774269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska van der Horst ◽  
David Lain ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
Ben Baumberg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

In the context of population aging, the U.K. government is encouraging people to work longer and delay retirement, and it is claimed that many people now make “gradual” transitions from full-time to part-time work to retirement. Part-time employment in older age may, however, be largely due to women working part-time before older age, as per a U.K. “modified male breadwinner” model. This article therefore separately examines the extent to which men and women make transitions into part-time work in older age, and whether such transitions are influenced by marital status. Following older men and women over a 10-year period using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this article presents sequence, cluster, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Little evidence is found for people moving into part-time work in older age. Typically, women did not work at all or they worked part-time (with some remaining in part-time work and some retiring/exiting from this activity). Consistent with a “modified male breadwinner” logic, marriage was positively related to the likelihood of women belonging to typically “female employment pathway clusters,” which mostly consist of part-time work or not being employed. Men were mostly working full-time regardless of marital status. Attempts to extend working lives among older women are therefore likely to be complicated by the influence of traditional gender roles on employment.

scholarly journals Follow up Survey of 2015-2017 Master’s Graduates of Comparative Education Program in Zhejiang Normal University

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Antony Zakaria Fute ◽  
Wan Xiu-Lan
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
International Graduate ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Normal University

The researcher conducted a survey study of 28 international graduate students of Comparative Education (Master students) who were enrolled in the program from September 2015 to July 2017 in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU). With the application and admission procedures in ZJNU, 25% rated the application procedure as A-Excellent and majority of them (45%) rated as B-Very good, followed by another 25% who rated it as C-Good. 5% rated the application procedure to Join ZJNU as D-Not good. Their concerns are very well narrated in this paper. One of the key findings from the survey is that graduates appreciated universities’ contribution to them and the great role played by intelligent supervisors in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), the friendly environment which were always there between supervisors and students, which made these international students feel like they were not in the foreign countries. Most of the supervisors played extra ordinary roles as they acted like their biological parents by taking their students into various places where they learnt a lot of things they couldn’t have learnt. However, few students expressed the challenges faced on the first days after their arrival. With the challenge of language and unfamiliarity of the environment, these students were stuck in their rooms without knowing where they could exchange their money and buy food. However even when they found the place to exchange money, language was still a problem to them. Concerning the impacts of the program, out of 20 graduate students who responded to the questionnaire, 85% are employed and the remaining 15% are not yet employed. Among those who are already employed, 82.4% are in full time job while only 17.6% are working as part time. 60% of these employed graduates got their employment before attending the program of Comparative education at Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), while 35% got their current employment after attending the program and only 5% got the employment offer while attending the program at ZJNU. The researcher conducted a survey study of 28 international graduate students of Comparative Education (Master students) who were enrolled in the program from September 2015 to July 2017 in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU). With the application and admission procedures in ZJNU, 25% rated the application procedure as A-Excellent and majority of them (45%) rated as B-Very good, followed by another 25% who rated it as C-Good. 5% rated the application procedure to Join ZJNU as D-Not good. Their concerns are very well narrated in this paper. One of the key findings from the survey is that graduates appreciated universities’ contribution to them and the great role played by intelligent supervisors in Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), the friendly environment which were always there between supervisors and students, which made these international students feel like they were not in the foreign countries. Most of the supervisors played extra ordinary roles as they acted like their biological parents by taking their students into various places where they learnt a lot of things they couldn’t have learnt. However, few students expressed the challenges faced on the first days after their arrival. With the challenge of language and unfamiliarity of the environment, these students were stuck in their rooms without knowing where they could exchange their money and buy food. However even when they found the place to exchange money, language was still a problem to them. Concerning the impacts of the program, out of 20 graduate students who responded to the questionnaire, 85% are employed and the remaining 15% are not yet employed. Among those who are already employed, 82.4% are in full time job while only 17.6% are working as part time. 60% of these employed graduates got their employment before attending the program of Comparative education at Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), while 35% got their current employment after attending the program and only 5% got the employment offer while attending the program at ZJNU.

scholarly journals ORGANIZING AND ATTENDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-917
Author(s):  
Georgios Tsaparlis
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
Research Students

Conferences, and especially international conferences, have become an integral part of a scientist’s activities. The attendees are, as a rule, academics and their graduate students, with the latter usually accompanying their supervisors. In addition to recent graduates undertaking full-time research, the term graduate student can also apply to part-time research students, including teachers who often adopt an action research approach, using their own classes as the focus of their studies. With most conferences, the emphasis tends to be on the presentation and discussion of the findings of recent research. However, in the case of science education, the dissemination of good practice can be considered equally important. Here, “there is little reason to do research, unless there is a pay-off in the classroom” (Hurd de Hart, 1991).

scholarly journals Part-Time Wage-Gap in Germany: Evidence across the Wage Distribution

2016 ◽  
pp. 124-147
Author(s):  
Piret Tõnurist ◽  
Dimitris Pavlopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Wage Penalty ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Part Time Work

This article uses insights from labour-market segmentation theory in order to investigate the wage differences between part-time and full-time workers in Germany at different parts of the wage distribution. This is accomplished with the use of a quintile regression and panel data from the German Socio Economic Panel (1991-2012). To obtain insights on the part-time wage differentials, we apply a counterfactual wage decomposition analysis. The results indicate the presence of a part-time wage penalty for involuntary part-time work at the low and middle parts of the wage distribution. In contrast, a wage premium for voluntary part-time work emerges, especially at the top of the distribution. Moreover, at the lower end of the wage distribution, part-time workers receive lower returns for their labour market characteristics, indicating the segmentation of the labour market. In contrast, the difference in the characteristics of part-timers and full-timers fully explains the part-time wage gap at the top of the wage distribution.

In touch with the softer side of MBAs

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Brian Beal
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Mba Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Considering that Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs have been the focus of many evaluations and much criticism in recent years, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the objective and subjective effects on careers experienced by part-time MBA students and graduates. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an empirical research, involving more than 700 students and graduates of three part-time MBA programs in Brazil. Findings The authors found that students and graduates experience more subjective than objective effects of such programs in their careers, and that the subjective effects are primarily related to self-confidence, employability, expansion of business view and ability to “play the game”. Originality/value This study makes three contributions to the knowledge of the effects of MBAs. First, it provides insight into students’ perspectives. Second, it increases the knowledge of the subjective effects of MBAs on the careers of students. And third, it focuses on part-time programs in a developing nation rather than on full-time programs in a developed nation such as the USA, as is often the case.

Perceived effects of part-time MBAs on careers

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fernandes Personini Cruz ◽  
Thomaz Wood Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Mba Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Program Coordinators ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Perceived Effects

Purpose – Considering that MBA programs have been the focus of many evaluations and much criticism in recent years, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the objective and subjective effects on careers experienced by part-time MBA students and graduates. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this purpose the authors conducted an empirical research, involving more than 700 students and graduates of three part-time MBA programs in Brazil. Findings – The authors found that students and graduates experience more subjective than objective effects of such programs in their careers and that the subjective effects are primarily related to self-confidence, employability, expansion of business view, and ability to “play the game.” Research limitations/implications – The authors note two limitations of the study. First, the study focussed on Brazilian programs and cannot be generalized to other countries or contexts. Second, the study was based on the perceptions of students and graduates. Practical implications – The authors believe that this study makes a contribution for program coordinators in business schools. By re-balancing attention among objective subjective effects, coordinators might improve their programs. Originality/value – This study makes three contributions to the knowledge of the effects of MBAs. First, it provides insight into students’ perspectives. Second, it increases the knowledge of the subjective effects of MBAs on the careers of students. And third, it focusses on part-time programs in a developing nation rather than on full-time programs in a developed nation such as the USA, as is often the case.

Working anywhere, anytime and with anyone

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Pirkko Walden ◽  
Efraim Turban
Keyword(s):  
Business Students ◽  
Full Time ◽  
State University ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Part Time

Ten teams of 2–3 full time undergraduate business students, at Abo Akademi University in Finland were to collaborate with a corresponding team of 3–4 part time MBA students at California State University, Long Beach in the USA. A 10-hour time difference, as well as different cultural backgrounds separated the teams. Students were challenged to push the limits of Internet by collaborating on a joint task on electronic commerce with people they never met face-to-face. The teams co-operated with ten Finnish companies, and the study was taken all the way to an implementable plan for companies doing business on the Internet. This paper confirms several observations of previous researchers and identifies several new issues related to distributed groupwork.

Impostor Feelings of Music Education Graduate Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Sims ◽  
Jane W. Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Impostor Phenomenon ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Impostor Feelings

Impostor phenomenon (IP) is the psychological construct used to describe potentially debilitating feelings of fraud and fear of being exposed as a phony in individuals who are actually high achieving and successful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the IP feelings of music education graduate students. A total of 130 master’s and doctoral students completed a survey that included the Clance IP Scale, the Graduate Music Student Scale, and demographic items. Results indicated that impostor feelings were present in a substantial percentage of the participants. Full-time student status was associated with stronger IP responses than part-time status, as was working on the degree face-to-face versus hybrid. More frequent and intense impostor feelings were experienced by females versus males, participants ages 26 to 35, students who were not married or in a committed relationship, and those who were the first in their family to attend graduate school. Master’s and doctoral students’ IP responses were not different, but successive year in the graduate program was associated with stronger impostor feelings. Based on the possible detrimental effects of strong impostor feelings, the findings should raise concern for students, their instructors, and their mentors.

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