Differences in Awareness and Perceptions of Smokers' Behaviors

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Remer
Keyword(s):  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Information regarding smokers' ( n = 74), never-smokers' ( n = 56), and former smokers' ( n = 13) relative awareness of and reaction to a sample of 17 negative behaviors of smokers was elicited and examined. Over-all ratings of irritation and of awareness were also analyzed for the 143 participants solicited in shopping malls in Lexington, KY. Former smokers were significantly, both statistically and practically, more aware and less tolerant of smokers' negative behaviors than either never-smokers or smokers, while never-smokers were more aware and bothered than were smokers, in all but one instance where all three groups responded similarly.

Cancer of the Lung, Larynx, and Pleura

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Malhotra ◽  
Paolo Boffetta ◽  
Lorelei Mucci
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Cancer Of The Lung

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in most countries, and is the primary cause of cancer death in men and women. Its epidemic increase in incidence began in the first half of the twentieth century, paralleling the uptake of cigarette smoking that occurred 20 years before. A series of landmark studies beginning in 1950 established tobacco as the primary cause of lung cancer. Current smokers have a 10- to 20-fold higher lung cancer risk compared to never smokers. Important for prevention, former smokers substantially reduce this excess risk 5 years after smoking cessation. Exposure to secondhand smoke, a well-established risk factor for lung cancer, has a 20%–25% higher risk for those exposed. There are several occupational exposures associated with lung cancer, including asbestos. Despite the success in defining lung cancer’s etiology, this highly preventable disease remains among the most common and most lethal cancers globally.

scholarly journals Tobacco use in the Myeloproliferative neoplasms: symptom burden, patient opinions, and care

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Christensen ◽  
Robyn M. Scherber ◽  
Gina L. Mazza ◽  
Amylou C. Dueck ◽  
Nana Brochmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background Patients with Philadelphia-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) suffer from numerous symptoms and decreased quality of life. Smoking is associated with an increased symptom burden in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between smoking and MPN-related symptom burden and explore MPN patients’ opinions on smoking. Methods A total of 435 patients with MPN participated in a cross-sectional internet-based survey developed by the Mayo Clinic and the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Quality of Life Group. Patients reported their demographics, disease characteristics, tobacco use, and opinions on tobacco use. In addition, MPN-related symptoms were reported via the validated 10-item version of the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form. Results Current/former smokers reported worse fatigue (mean severity 5.6 vs. 5.0, p = 0.02) and inactivity (mean severity 4.0 vs. 3.4, p = 0.03) than never smokers. Moreover, current/former smokers more frequently experienced early satiety (68.5% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.03), inactivity (79.9% vs. 71.1%, p = 0.04), and concentration difficulties (82.1% vs. 73.1%, p = 0.04). Although not significant, a higher total symptom burden was observed for current/former smokers (mean 30.4 vs. 27.0, p = 0.07). Accordingly, overall quality of life was significantly better among never smokers than current/former smokers (mean 3.5 vs. 3.9, p = 0.03). Only 43.2% of the current/former smokers reported having discussed tobacco use with their physician, and 17.5% did not believe smoking increased the risk of thrombosis. Conclusion The current study suggests that smoking may be associated with increased prevalence and severity of MPN symptoms and underscores the need to enhance patient education and address tobacco use in the care of MPN patients.

scholarly journals Self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking and increased risk of incident hearing loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woncheol Lee ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Hocheol Shin ◽  
Seungho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
New Onset

AbstractWe examined the associations of smoking status and urinary cotinine levels, an objective measure of smoking, with the development of new-onset HL. This cohort study was performed in 293,991 Korean adults free of HL who underwent a comprehensive screening examination and were followed for up to 8.8 years. HL was defined as a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz ≥ 25 dB in both ears. During a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 2286 participants developed new-onset bilateral HL. Self-reported smoking status was associated with an increased risk of new-onset bilateral HL. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident HL comparing former smokers and current smokers to never-smokers were 1.14 (1.004–1.30) and 1.40 (1.21–1.61), respectively. Number of cigarettes, pack-years, and urinary cotinine levels were consistently associated with incident HL. These associations were similarly observed when introducing changes in smoking status, urinary cotinine, and other confounders during follow-up as time-varying covariates. In this large cohort of young and middle-aged men and women, smoking status based on both self-report and urinary cotinine level were independently associated with an increased incidence of bilateral HL. Our findings indicate smoking is an independent risk factor for HL.

scholarly journals Clinicopathologic correlates of pembrolizumab efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC and a PD-L1 expression of ≥ 50%

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cortellini ◽  
Marcello Tiseo ◽  
Giuseppe L Banna ◽  
Federico Cappuzzo ◽  
Joachim GJV Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Ecog Ps ◽  
Nsclc Patients

AbstractBackgroundSingle agent pembrolizumab represents the standard first line option for metastatic non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) patients with a PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) expression of ≥ 50%.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter study aimed at evaluating the clinicopathologic correlates of pembrolizumab efficacy in patients with treatment-naïve NSCLC and a PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50%.Results1026 consecutive patients were included. ECOG-PS ≥ 2 (p < 0.0001) and bone metastases (p = 0.0003) were confirmed to be independent predictors of a worse ORR. Former smokers (p = 0.0002), but not current smokers (p = 0.0532) were confirmed to have a significantly prolonged PFS compared to never smokers at multivariate analysis. ECOG-PS (p < 0.0001), bone metastases (p < 0.0001) and liver metastases (p < 0.0001) were also confirmed to be independent predictors of a worse PFS. Previous palliative RT was significantly related to a shortened OS (p = 0.0104), while previous non-palliative RT was significantly related to a prolonged OS (p = 0.0033). Former smokers (p = 0.0131), but not current smokers (p = 0.3433) were confirmed to have a significantly prolonged OS compared to never smokers. ECOG-PS (p < 0.0001), bone metastases (p < 0.0001) and liver metastases (p < 0.0001) were also confirmed to be independent predictors of a shortened OS. A PD-L1 expression of ≥ 90%, as assessed by recursive partitioning, was associated with significantly higher ORR (p = 0.0204), and longer and OS (p = 0.0346) at multivariable analysis.Conclusionspembrolizumab was effective in a large cohort of NSCLC patients treated outside of clinical trials. We confirmed that the absence of tobacco exposure, and the presence of bone and liver metastasis are associated with worse clinical outcomes to pembrolizumab. Increasing levels of PD-L1 expression may help identifying a subset of patients who derive a greater benefit from pembrolizumab monotherapy.

scholarly journals REPEATABILITY OF A CALIBRATED DIGITAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR DENTAL SHADE EVALUATION IN CURRENT, FORMER AND NEVER SMOKERS – STUDY PROTOCOL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Conte ◽  
Sebastiano Antonio Pacino ◽  
Salvatore Urso ◽  
Rosalia Emma ◽  
Fabio Cibella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Dental Aesthetics ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Clear Objective

ABSTRACTDespite the negative impact of cigarette smoking on oral health and teeth appearance, there is no data available on dental shade changes in smokers who quit smoking. Dental discoloration caused by smoking may be permanent, with minimal restoration after stopping smoking. If this is valid, former smokers can show dental shade values equivalent to those of current smokers.The aim of this study is to compare the dental shade assessment by digital spectrophotometry (VITA Easyshade V) in current, former and never smokers and to verify the short (7 days) and long-term (30 days) repeatability of these measurements.Confirmation of good reproducibility of VITA Easyshade V with clear objective discrimination of dental shade measurements among current, former, and never smokers will improve the power of this measurement giving more confidence in clinical research findings of dental shades in these populations.It is also anticipated that results from the study will expand the application of this measurements to include medical and regulatory research applied to combustion-free tobacco products (e.g. e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, oral tobacco/nicotine products, etc.), smoking cessation medications, and to consumer care product for oral hygiene and dental aesthetics.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and cerebral blood flow in a cohort of middle-aged adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Elbejjani ◽  
Reto Auer ◽  
Sudipto Dolui ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Thaddeus Haight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Using Data

Cigarette smoking is often associated with dementia. This association is thought to be mediated by hypoperfusion; however, how smoking behavior relates to cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains unclear. Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort (mean age = 50; n = 522), we examined the association between smoking behavior (status, cumulative pack-years, age at smoking initiation, and years since cessation) and CBF (arterial spin labeling) in brain lobes and regions linked to dementia. We used adjusted linear regression models and tested whether associations differed between current and former-smokers. Compared to never-smokers, former-smokers had lower CBF in the parietal and occipital lobes, cuneus, precuneus, putamen, and insula; in contrast, current-smokers did not have lower CBF. The relationship between pack-years and CBF was different between current and former-smokers ( p for interaction < 0.05): Among current-smokers, higher pack-years were associated with higher occipital, temporal, cuneus, putamen, insula, hippocampus, and caudate CBF; former-smokers had lower caudate CBF with increasing pack-years. Results show links between smoking and CBF at middle-age in regions implicated in cognitive and compulsive/addictive processes. Differences between current and former smoking suggest that distinct pathological and/or compensatory mechanisms may be involved depending on the timing and history of smoking exposure.

Abstract P181: Processed food intake is adversely associated with multiple indicators of cardiometabolic health in US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2005-2008)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Lipsky ◽  
Tonja Nansel ◽  
Virginia Quick
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Introduction: Reducing intake of ingredients characteristic of processed foods is vital to improving ideal cardiovascular dietary behaviors described in the American Heart Association 2020 Strategic Impact Goals. Hypothesis: We sought to develop an indicator of processed food intake and evaluate its hypothesized adverse relationships with biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods: Data from two 24 hour recalls were examined for US adults (>=18y) in NHANES (2005-2008). An index of processed food intake (PFI) was developed using the mean of the standardized (mean=0, standard deviation=1), energy-adjusted (per 1000 kcal) intakes of refined grains, processed meat, discretionary oils, discretionary solid fat, added sugar and sodium. We evaluated bivariate associations of PFI with demographics (sex, poverty-income ratio, education) and behavioral factors (smoking, nutritional supplement use). Multivariable linear regressions were used to examine associations of PFI with BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), and biomarkers for cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, apo-b and c-reactive protein), adjusting for demographic and behavioral covariates. We tested for potential interactions between PFI and weight status, sex, and smoking. Results: PFI was higher in smokers than never smokers (p<.001). PFI was lower for those with at least a college degree than those with less education (p=.004) and for NH White vs. NH Black adults (p=.04). Adjusting for covariates, higher PFI was associated with greater BMI (p<.001) and waist circumference (p<.001), lower HDL-C (p<.001), and higher c-reactive protein (p=.01). Interactions (p<.05) were observed between PFI and sex for predicting BMI, and between PFI and smoking for predicting TC and HDL-C. The magnitude of associations was larger for female vs. male and for current and former smokers vs. non-smokers. No interactions were observed between PFI and weight status. Conclusion: Intake of components characteristic of processed foods is adversely associated with a variety of cardiometabolic biomarkers. Positive associations of PFI with BMI were greater for females vs. males, while associations of PFI with TC and HDL-C were greater for current and former smokers vs. never smokers. The nutritional value of dietary components of PFI is primarily restricted to energy, protein, and sodium, none of which are considered lacking in the diets of US adults. These findings underscore the rationale for encouraging replacing such components with foods that promote cardiovascular health including fruit, vegetables, whole grains, fish, legumes, nuts and seeds. Acknowledgment: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health.

Abstract P204: Tobacco Use And The AHA 2030 Impact Goals: A Simulation

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Levy ◽  
Sydney L Goldberg ◽  
Emily P Hyle ◽  
Krishna P Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Impact

Background: The AHA’s 2030 Impact Goals seek to increase population health-adjusted life expectancy (LE) by 2y. Tobacco is a top contributor to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We estimated the potential contribution of improved tobacco control to achieve the 2030 Impact Goals in the US. Methods: We used the validated STOP microsimulation model with NHIS estimates of age- and sex-stratified mortality and CVD incidence to project changes in LE, as well as 10y, 20y, and lifetime CVD cumulative incidence, if cigarette smoking declined among the current US population. We assessed the impact of preventing initiation (current v never smokers) or increasing cessation (current v former smokers) at different ages. To examine the maximum impact of population-wide cessation, we projected changes in population LE and CVD incidence if smoking prevalence among those ≥20yo went immediately to 0%. Results: Preventing smoking initiation increases LE by 10.2y (men [M]) and 9.1y (women [W]) and reduces lifetime CVD incidence by 16.8% (M) and 26.2% (W) compared to lifetime smoking. Even cessation at age 60 extends LE by 3.7y (M) and 2.5y (W) and reduces 10y CVD incidence by 39.1% (M) and 59.4% (W) (Table). Total elimination of cigarette smoking in the 2020 US population aged ≥20y (e.g. by outlawing cigarettes) would increase the cohort LE by 0.4 (M) and 0.2 (W) years and reduce 20y CVD incidence by 6.0% (M) and 7.0% (W). Conclusion: Preventing smoking initiation offers the greatest benefit, but cessation at any age substantially improves LE and reduces CVD risk. The modest potential contribution of tobacco elimination to achieving the 2030 Impact Goals is due to already low smoking prevalence: <14% (projected) in 2020.

scholarly journals ENDS - a growing threat: results from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey EPOCHA-RF

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Gambaryan ◽  
A M Kalinina ◽  
M V Popovich ◽  
M L Starovoytov ◽  
O M Drapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Evaluation Survey

Abstract Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) including heated tobacco products not yet legally regulated are more and more imposed over the Russian population. Still very little is known about these products. Aim To assess the exposure of Russian population to advertisement, promotion, of ENDS, and its attitudes and beliefs regarding these products. Methods Data from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey (2017-2018) are analysed which used a systematic stratified multistage random sampling based on territorial household principle, representing the adult population (18+) of Russia in 10 Federal subjects. 20380 randomly selected respondents were interviewed and a stratified sample (n = 11625) of smokers (n = 6569), former smokers (n = 2377) and never smokers (n = 2679) participated in the survey. Results In past 6 months 15.7% of the respondents were exposed to promotion of ENDS via internet, 14%-via social networks and 13.4% at the points of sale. Remarkably the youngest age group (18-24) was significantly more exposed to advertisement and promotion of ENDS from all sources than the rest of age groups: 32.6%, 32.3% and 24.3% respectively (p&lt;.0001). 48% of respondents believe that secondhand vape of e-cigarettes is harmful for health of people, with significant differences among current smokers (40%), recent quitters (53%), former smokers (60%) and never smokers (66%). Majority agreed that it is necessary to regulate allowed amounts of nicotine in e-liquids (54%), to ban vaping in public places where tobacco smoking is banned (59.2%), ban the sales of these products to minors (68%), and the use of e-cigarettes by those (71.2%). 61.5% support the need for ban of all forms of advertisement, marketing and promotion of ENDS. Conclusions ENDS present a real threat for Russian tobacco control policy achievements. The findings will be used to support new strong legislation to regulate ENDS in Russia. Key messages Young people much more than the others are targeted with advertisement and promotion of ENDS. ENDS present a real threat for Russian tobacco control policy and should be legally regulated like any tobacco products.

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