Race and Crime: International Data for 1989–1990

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Philippe Rushton
Keyword(s):  
International Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Race And Crime ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
African Populations ◽  
International Data

The rate of murder, rape, and serious assault per 100,000 members of the population was tabulated for 76 countries from the 1989–1990 International Crime Statistics published by INTERPOL. Following previous research the countries were grouped into the three major populations of Asian, Caucasian, and African. Consistent with previous evidence the results showed that crime rates are highest for countries with predominantly African populations, lowest for those with predominantly Asian populations, and in-between for those with predominantly Caucasian populations. The 23 countries with predominantly African populations reported twice as high a rate for each type of crime as the 41 countries with predominantly Caucasian populations and over three times as high a rate as the 12 countries with predominantly Asian populations. Summing the crimes gives figures, respectively, of 240, 75, and 32 violent crimes per 100,000 population.

Crime Control Measures, Individual Liberties, and Crime Rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Albanese
Keyword(s):  
Crime Control ◽  
International Crime ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Available Information

The balance between crime control methods and individual liberties is always problematic, creating tension, because in order to investigate crime, and adjudicate and punish offenders, it is necessary to make reasonable intrusions into the liberty of citizens. This study uses data from 40 countries to examine the crime control measures (police per capita and conviction rates) that reflect government investments in criminal justice apparatus to control crime and criminals, as well as the use of these crime control measures through government intervention in the lives of its citizens (formal citizen contacts with police, prosecution rate, and detention rate), to examine their impact on crime victimization rates (homicide rates and crimes included in the international crime victim survey). The purpose is to examine whether these government interventions have any impact on crime rates across countries, controlling other independent variables that might help to explain any observed relationships among these variables (such as measures of civil liberties, democracy, human development, available information and communications technologies, political rights, corruption perceptions, education, economic freedom, freedom of the press, and prosperity).

scholarly journals Crimes by people with schizophrenia in Korea: comparison with the general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnus M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Community Care ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

Abstract Background This study was performed to describe the prevalence of crimes committed by persons with schizophrenia using population-based data and to compare the crime prevalence of persons with schizophrenia and the general population. Methods The number of crimes was obtained from the Korean National Policy Agency (KNPA) crime statistics (2012–2016), which provide the number of crimes in terms of the criminal’s mental status and mental health conditions. For the number of persons with schizophrenia, estimates were used which had been calculated from the inpatient and outpatient claims from the National Health Insurance Service. The crime prevalence in persons with schizophrenia was calculated according to the types of crimes, and a comparison with the general population was conducted. Results The overall crime prevalence of persons with schizophrenia was 72.7 to 90.3 per 10,000 from 2012 through 2016, which was about one fifth that of the general population. While the crime rates of the persons with schizophrenia were lower than the general population in most types of crimes including violence, intellectual crimes, and theft, the prevalence of murder, arson, and drug-related crimes in persons with schizophrenia was about five times, six times, and two times that of the general population respectively. Conclusion The higher prevalence of serious offences among persons with schizophrenia suggests the need for closer and more appropriate care for the population, which would be achieved through effective continuity of institutional and community care.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Association between Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and the Risk of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Ren Gao ◽  
Yong-Guo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Reduced Risk

The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (rs731236, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs7975232) and the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) had been investigated in previous studies. However, the results of these studies remained controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise conclusion. All related articles were systematically searched by PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association. The overall results indicated thatVDRrs731236 and rs2228570 polymorphisms were significantly associated with a reduced risk of AITD. However, a stratification analysis based on clinical types showed thatVDRrs731236 and rs2228570 polymorphisms were associated only with a reduced risk of HT. A stratification analysis by ethnicity showed thatVDRrs731236 polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AITD in Asian and African populations.VDRrs2228570 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of AITD in Asian populations.VDRrs1544410 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of AITD in European and African populations, but with an increased risk of AITD in Asian populations.VDRrs7975232 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of AITD in African populations. In conclusion, the present study suggested thatVDRrs731236, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs7975232 polymorphisms were significantly associated with AITD risk. However, more well-designed studies should be performed to verify the current results.

scholarly journals A Review of Trends and Crime Patterns of Arson Offences in India: 2009-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernandes Glorita Savia ◽  
C. F. Mulimani
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
Innate Knowledge ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Crime statistics provide innate knowledge on different types of crimes, their jurisdictions, current status and future predictive trends in society. This research paper is based on the review of data available in the national open access publication of crime data in the country. It focuses on arson offences in India for the last decade from 2009 to 2018. It is important to study national crime statistics to enhance policing and criminological studies in different trends encountered through research. Explaining the trends of a crime in a country can help in establishing better policies, reporting systems, investigative methods and ultimately, a better criminal justice system. While Criminology studies have been generally focused on behavior, causes, etc. associated with violent crimes like offences against the body, violence against women, offences against children; this paper is aimed at discussing trends with respect to arson, a lesser known offence in our country.

scholarly journals Islam and Crime: The Moral Community of Muslims

1970 ◽  
pp. 111-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Serajzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
International Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Beliefs And Practice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Islamic Belief

International crime statistics indicate that in Islamic countries crime rates are lower than in other countries. This feature of Islamic countries is most often explained by two factors: a) the relatively low level of development, which has a positive effect on crime rates, and b) the strictness of Islamic penal law. Providing some evidence, this article maintains that the first factor fails to explain properly the difference in the crime rates of Islamic and non-Islamic countries at a similar level of development. It also argues that the second explanation is a reductionist one. Following a Weberian approach, the article develops the argument that the content and structure of Islamic belief and practice is the dominant shared element among Islamic countries. It has given rise to a particular socio-cultural structure among Muslims, one of the impacts of which has been the low crime rate. Islamic beliefs and practice, therefore, are discussed as the main explanatory factor for the low crime rate in Islamic countries. (Keywords: religion, crime, development, Islam, Shari’a, Islamic law, Muslim attitudes.)

scholarly journals pmTR database: population matched (PM) germline allelic variants of T-cell receptor (TR) loci

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Dekker ◽  
Jacques J.M. van Dongen ◽  
Marcel J.T. Reinders ◽  
Indu Khatri
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractT-cell receptor (TR) germline alleles are arranged, organized and made available to the research community by the IMGT database. This state-of-the-art database, however, does not provide information regarding population specificity and allelic frequencies of the genes all four human TR loci (TRA, TRB, TRG and TRD). The specificity of allelic variants to different human populations can, however, be a rich source of information when studying the genetic basis of population-specific immune responses in vaccination and disease. To make TR germline alleles available for such population-specific studies, we meticulously identified true germline alleles enriched with complete TR allele sequences and their frequencies across 26 different human populations, profiled by “1,000 Genomes data”. We identified 205 TRAV, 249 TRBV, 16 TRGV and 5 TRDV germline alleles supported by at least four haplotypes (= minimum of two individuals). The diversity of germline allelic variants in the TR loci is highest in Africans followed by Non-African populations. A majority of the Non-African alleles are specific to the Asian populations, suggesting a diverse profile of TR germline alleles in different human populations. Interestingly, the alleles known in the IMGT database are frequent and common across all the superpopulations. We believe that this new set of genuine germline TR sequences represents a valuable new resource which we have made available through the new population-matched TR (pmTR) database, accessible via https://pmtrig.lumc.nl/.

Visual Criminology

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Elaine M. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Social ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Insight Into

An understanding of crime data and analysis is central to any Criminology degree. Graduates need to know how and where to access a wide variety of secondary data sources, and understand how to read and critically evaluate crime statistics, crime maps, and quantitative research publications, and through assessment, know how to apply this learning to understanding crime rates within a community. This chapter reviews the various types of data and analysis that form a substantial part of content within a Bachelor of Criminology degree. Several types of assessment are described as examples of how to engage students in practical exercises to show them how data and analysis can provide fascinating insight into the social life of their own community.

A record of Notostraca on Socotra Island and the importance of local conservation of the habitat

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4446 (4) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
KAY VAN DAMME
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
First Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Socotra Island ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Tadpole Shrimp ◽  
Archeological Site ◽  
African Clade

The first record of Triops Schrank, 1803 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Notostraca: Triopsidae) from Socotra Island is presented herein. Besides Madagascar and the current note, the genus is unknown from Indian Ocean islands. A brief morphological exploration indicates that the Socotran Triops cf. granarius (Lucas, 1864) (trachyaspis form) belongs to an African clade within this widespread Old World species complex and not to T. granarius s.str. from East Asia. Detailed morphological and molecular revision of the poorly studied Middle Eastern and Northern African populations in comparison to East Asian populations are needed to understand this group and the phylogenetic position and status of the Socotran tadpole shrimp. Found in a single locality (the archeological site Eriosh) in the rapidly changing coastal plains on Socotra, together with other large branchiopods (endemic Anostraca and unidentified Spinicaudata), the insular Triops population and the regionally neglected temporary lake habitat deserve a special protection status from a biodiversity conservation perspective. Triops cf. granarius is hereby suggested as a local flagship species for the conservation of temporary pool habitats on the island. 

Improving Crime Statistics by “Correcting” for System Characteristics: A Methodological Note

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Hackler ◽  
Dianne Dagger
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rates ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
The Way

Crime rates are influenced by the way various agencies screen out cases at different stages of the recording procedures. This leads to lack of comparability of statistics from one jurisdiction to another. However, the degree to which the police screen cases can be estimated, if one accepts certain assumptions. This can yield a “recording index” which could be used as a means of “correcting” the statistics from various police departments. Such a procedure might make crime statistics more comparable.

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