Relationship of Arithmetic Problem Solving and Reflective—Impulsive Cognitive Styles in Third-Grade Students

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose I. Navarro ◽  
Manuel Aguilar ◽  
Concha Alcalde ◽  
Richard Howell
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Arithmetic Problem ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Relationship Of

Different individuals approach mathematical problems in a variety of ways, with these different approaches also reflected in over-all cognitive styles. This investigation had two purposes, first, to determine whether good and poor arithmetic problem solvers differ substantially in cognitive style, and second, to determine whether the students, after training in techniques of solving arithmetic problems, improve their performance with no significant change in cognitive style. A total of 98 third graders participated (mean age 8.1 yr.; 50 boys, 48 girls). The Matching Familiar Figure Test was used to classify the students by cognitive style as either Reflective or Impulsive. Students also were given training with different problem-solving exercises for different arithmetic problems. The training program in problem-solving strategies did not improve performance on arithmetic problems for Reflective students; however, Impulsive students' performance did improve after training.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMP DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Wanda Ika Narianti ◽  
Masriyah Masriyah
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Familiar Figure ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Figure Test

Abstrak — Kemampuan berpikir kritis adalah kecakapan memecahkan masalah yang dilakukan seseorang secara sistematis dan reflektif dalam mengolah informasi yang diperoleh ketika dihadapkan pada suatu masalah. Melalui berpikir kritis, siswa dapat mengambil keputusan secara tepat untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Akan tetapi dalam pembelajaran matematika, kemampuan berpikir kritis kurang mendapat perhatian karena seringkali siswa mendapatkan soal yang dalam proses mengerjakannya menggunakan prosedur rutin. Selain itu, juga perlu memperhatikan gaya kognitif siswa karena setiap siswa memiliki karateristik yang berbeda dalam waktu yang diperlukan untuk menjawab soal dan kesalahan jawaban yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMP yang bergaya kognitif reflektif, impulsif, fast accurate, dan slow inaccurate dalam memecahkan masalah matematika. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP kelas VIII yang bergaya kognitif reflektif, impulsif, fast accurate, dan slow inaccurate masing-masing sebanyak 1 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes gaya kognitif MFFT (matching familiar figure test), tes kemampuan matematika, tes pemecahan masalah matematika, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data berdasarkan indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis yang meliputi klarifikasi, asesmen, inferensi, dan strategi pada setiap langkah pemecahan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, siswa bergaya kognitif reflektif mampu melakukan klarifikasi, asesmen, dan inferensi. Siswa bergaya kognitif impulsif mampu melakukan strategi. Siswa bergaya kognitif fast accurate tidak mampu melakukan klarifikasi, asesmen, inferensi, dan strategi. Siswa bergaya kognitif slow inaccurate mampu melakukan asesmen.Kata kunci: Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Memecahkan Masalah, Gaya Kognitif Abstract — Critical thinking abilities is the ability to solve problems by someone systematically and reflectively in processing information obtained when faced with a problem. Through critical thinking, students can make appropriate decisions to solve these problems. However, in learning mathematics, critical thinking abilities receive less attention because students often get questions that in solved by using routine procedures. In addition to paying attention the critical thinking abilities, it is also necessary to pay attention to students' cognitive styles because each student has different characteristics in the time needed to answer questions and the resulting answer errors. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, which aims to describe the critical thinking abilities of junior high school students who have reflective, impulsive, fast accurate, and slow inaccurate cognitive styles in solving mathematical problems. The subjects in this study were eighth-grade junior high school students who had reflective, impulsive, fast accurate, and slow inaccurate cognitive styles of 1 student each. Data collection techniques in this study used the MFFT cognitive style test (matching familiar figure test), mathematics ability test, mathematical problems solving test and interviews. Data analysis techniques are based on indicators of critical thinking abilities that include clarification, assessment, inference, and strategy at each step of problems solving. The results showed that reflective cognitive style students were able to clarification, assessment, and inference. Impulsive cognitive style students can do the strategy. Fast accurate cognitive style students are not able to clarification, assessment, inference, and strategy. Slow inaccurate cognitive style students can do assessment.Keywords: Critical Thinking Abilities, Problem Solving, Cognitive Style

scholarly journals Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif Reflektif dan Impulsif

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nur Qomariyah ◽  
Rini Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Communication Differences

Abstrak — Komunikasi matematis merupakan cara penyampaian ide, strategi, maupun solusi masalah matematika secara tertulis maupun lisan. Gaya kognitif yang berbeda memungkinkan terjadinya perbedaan komunikasi dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dengan gaya kognitif reflektif dan impulsif dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitiannya yaitu satu siswa bergaya kognitif reflektif (SR) dan satu siswa bergaya kognitif impulsif (SI). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis tulis siswa yang bergaya kognitif reflektif dapat dikatakan tidak akurat, tidak lengkap, dan lancar pada tahap memahami masalah. Kemampuan komunikasi lisan siswa yang bergaya kognitif reflektif dapat dikatakan akurat, lengkap, dan lancar disetiap tahap penyelesaian masalah. Kemampuan komunikasi matematis tulis siswa yang bergaya kognitif impulsif dapat dikatakan tidak akurat, tidak lengkap dan lancar pada tahap memahami masalah. Selain itu, di tahap memeriksa kembali dapat dikatakan tidak akurat, tidak lengkap, dan tidak lancar. Kemampuan komunikasi matematis lisan siswa bergaya kognitif impulsif dapat dikatakan tidak akurat, tidak lengkap dan tidak lancar di tahap memeriksa kembali.Kata Kunci: Komunikasi Matematis, Gaya Kognitif Reflektif, Gaya Kognitif Impulsif  Abstract — Mathematical communication is a way to convey ideas of problem solving, strategies and mathematical solutions both in writing and verbally. The different cognitive styles allowing communication differences in solving mathematical problems both verbally and in writing. This study aims to describe the mathematical communication skills of students with reflective and impulsive cognitive styles in solving mathematical problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects were one student with reflective cognitive style (SR) and one student with impulsive cognitive style (SI). The results of this study indicate that students' written mathematical communication skills with reflective cognitive style can be said to be inaccurate, incomplete, and fluent at the step of understanding the problem. The verbal communication skills of students who are reflective cognitive style can be said to be accurate, complete, and fluent at every step of problem solving. The students' written mathematical communication skills with impulsive cognitive style can be said to be inaccurate, incomplete and fluent at the stage of understanding the problem. In addition, the step of looking back can be said to be inaccurate, incomplete, and influent. The verbal mathematical communication skills of students with impulsive cognitive style can be said to be inaccurate, incomplete and influent at the step of looking back.Keywords: Mathematical Communication, Reflective Cognitive Style, Impulsive Cognitive Style

scholarly journals Thinking Process of Naive Problem Solvers to Solve Mathematical Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Pasini Mairing
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Holistic Rubric

Solving problem is not only a goal of mathematical learning. Students acquire ways of thinking, habits of persistence and curiosity, and confidence in unfamiliar situations by learning to solve problems. In fact, there were students who had difficulty in solving problems. The students were naive problem solvers. This research aimed to describe the thinking process of naive problem solvers based on heuristic of Polya. The researcher gave two problems to students at grade XI from one of high schools in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. The research subjects were two students with problem solving scores of 0 or 1 for both problems (naive problem solvers). The score was determined by using a holistic rubric with maximum score of 4. Each subject was interviewed by the researcher separately based on the subject’s solution. The results showed that the naive problem solvers read the problems for several times in order to understand them. The naive problem solvers could determine the known and the unknown if they were written in the problems. However, they faced difficulties when the information in the problems should be processed in their mindsto construct a mental image. The naive problem solvers were also failed to make an appropriate plan because they did not have a problem solving schema. The schema was constructed by the understanding of the problems, conceptual and procedural knowledge of the relevant concepts, knowledge of problem solving strategies, and previous experiences in solving isomorphic problems.

Successful Careers and Cognitive Style: A Follow-up Study of Childhood Family Discontinuity

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1071-1074
Author(s):  
Virginia Z. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
Problem Solving Style

It was predicted that those participants who experienced discontinuity (death, divorce, and separations) from their parent(s) in childhood and who had successful careers in adulthood would manifest more innovative than adaptive cognitive styles on the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory. The original research showed 61% of the sample members ( n = 41) experienced family discontinuity. Ninety percent ( n = 37) of the previous participants responded and showed 59% family discontinuity. Fifty-four percent in the follow-up study chose an alternative career path (counterstriving), the same percentage as in the original sample. When both family discontinuity and counterstriving were present, statistically significant innovation scores occurred. Family discontinuity in childhood and a successful career in adulthood are likely to be associated with high striving-motivation and an innovative (paradigm-breaking) problem-solving style.

Can cognitive structure outcomes reveal cognitive styles? A study on the relationship between cognitive styles and cognitive structure outcomes on the subject of chemical kinetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-754
Author(s):  
Elif Atabek-Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Flow Map ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Determination of the relationship between individuals’ cognitive styles and cognitive structure outcomes was the main aim of this study. Sixty-six participants were enrolled in the study and their cognitive styles were determined by using the Hidden Figure Test (for their field dependent/independent dimension of cognitive style) and the Convergent/Divergent Test (for their convergence/divergence dimension of cognitive style). An open-ended questionnaire was formed in order to determine participants’ cognitive structure outcomes. The study topic was chosen as chemical kinetics since it is one of the most difficult topics in chemistry according to many students and also there is limited study in the literature on this topic. Key concepts about chemical kinetics were selected and given to the participants and they were asked to write a text by using the given concepts. A flow map technique was used to reveal participants’ cognitive structure outcomes. According to the findings of this study, it can be said that field independent participants tended to be divergent thinkers while field dependents tended to be convergent thinkers. Also, strong positive relationships between participants’ field dependency/independency and some cognitive structure outcomes (extent and richness) were found. That is, field independents tended to have more extended and richer cognitive structure outcomes. However, the convergence/divergence dimension of cognitive style did not show any correlation with cognitive structure outcomes.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PAKET PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN GAYA KOGNITIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH LINGKUNGAN (Studi Eksperimen pada Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA Universitas Negeri Jakarta)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Agung Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent

The objective of the research was aimed at finding out whether there is effect of the environmental education learning package and cognitive style on environmental problem solving skills. This research conducted was exsperiment methode. The target of population is the students at the Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the State University of Jakarta. Then accessible of population is Department of Chemistry and take it by randomly (n=40).The research came five conclusions are follow: the first, as a whole the ability of students problem-solving learning environment in an integrated package of environmental education is high than the monolithic environmental education learning package; the second, the ability of students problem-solving learning environment in field independent style cognitive is not high than the field dependent style cognitive; the third, interaction effect between learning and cognitive styles environmental education package; the fourth, the ability of students to solve environmental problems based on cognitive style of field dependent on an integrated learning package environmental education lower than on learning environmental education monolithic package, and the five, there is the ability of students to solve environmental problems based on field independent cognitive styles in an integrated learning package environmental education is high than on learning environmental education monolithic package.

scholarly journals Collaborating With Style: Using an Agent-Based Model to Simulate Cognitive Style Diversity in Problem Solving Teams

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lapp ◽  
Kathryn Jablokow ◽  
Christopher McComb
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Collaborative Problem ◽  
Problem Solving Teams ◽  
Problem Solving Behavior

Abstract Collaborative problem solving can be successful or counterproductive. The performance of collaborative teams depends not only on team members’ abilities, but also on their cognitive styles. Cognitive style measures differences in problem-solving behavior: how people generate solutions, manage structure, and interact. While teamwork and problem solving have been studied separately, their interactions are less understood. This paper introduces the KAI Agent-Based Organizational Optimization Model (KABOOM), the first model to simulate cognitive style in collaborative problem solving. KABOOM simulates the performance of teams of agents with heterogeneous cognitive styles on two contextualized design problems. Results demonstrate that, depending on the problem, certain cognitive styles may be more effective than others. Also, intentionally aligning agents’ cognitive styles with their roles can improve team performance. These experiments demonstrate that KABOOM is a useful tool for studying the effects of cognitive style on collaborative problem solving.

ABILITY OF STUDENTS WITH REFLECTIVE AND IMPULSIVE COGNITIVE STYLES IN WRITING A SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Cintamulya
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Credit Lines ◽  
Test Instrument ◽  
Familiar Figure ◽  
Figure Test

The present study focuses on making the students aware about various environmental issues by using case studies. The ability of students to reveal their findings about environmental issues has been developed through scientific literature, one of which was writing scientific articles. Each student has a different thinking style or cognitive style, so the possibilities in terms of scientific writing can be different. A cognitive style is shown in individuals receiving, processing and organizing information, and presenting the information based on the experiences they have had. This study aimed to describe the ability of the students who have a reflective or impulsive cognitive style to write a scientific article as a result of employing case studies on environmental issues. To achieve these objectives, the research involved the students of biology education UNIROW Tuban class of 2011. The ability to write scientific articles was analysed descriptively and included: title, credit lines, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion, conclusions and bibliography. To measure the reflective vs impulsive cognitive styles, the study used the MFFT (Matching Familiar Figure Test) instrument which was designed and developed by Warli (2010). The results showed that the ability of students who had a reflective cognitive style to write scientific articles tended to follow the rules, except when they were writing a bibliography. Therefore, there was a difference between students who write with a reflective cognitive style and students who write with an impulsive cognitive style in terms of their ability to write a scientific article as the result of case studies about environmental issues.

Which lake is bigger?

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
Reagan Bachour ◽  
Sarah Braun ◽  
Andrew M. Tyminski
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Early Elementary ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Problem Solvers

Each month, this section of the problem solvers department showcases students' in-depth thinking and discusses classroom results of using problems from previous issues of Teaching Children Mathematics. In these solutions to the November 2015 problem, readers have a window into early elementary students' problem solving and understanding of measurement. Third graders were presented with tasks using maps of two lakes and various manipulatives to determine the bigger lake. Students discovered and were able to articulate that identifying the bigger lake depends on the attributes, area, and perimeter explored and that different attributes could result in different solutions.

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