Sex, Hypermasculinity, and Hyperfemininity in Perception of Social Cues in Neutral Interactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne D. Bartolucci ◽  
Amos Zeichner
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Opposite Sex

Sexual coercion is a prevalent problem on U.S. college campuses. One potential avenue by which it may occur is the misinterpretation of social cues, and such misperception may be mediated by extreme sex role adherence, i.e., hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity. 62 undergraduate students viewed a film of a neutral interaction between a college-aged man and woman. Subsequently, participants indicated which behaviors they remembered the opposite-sex actor performing, offered a prediction as to the outcome of the scenario and what they would do had they been in a similar situation, and then completed either the Hypermasculinity Inventory or the Hyperfemininity Scale. Scores on the former correlated negatively with recall accuracy, and men indicated that they were more likely to date and have sex with the actress than women reported being likely to date or have sex with the actor. Women reported a high perceived likelihood of dating the actor coupled with the expectation that he would have sex with the actress. Likewise, women expected to be sexually coerced by the actor had they been in a similar situation. Social implications of these findings and possible research are discussed.

Effects of gender and sex-role orientation on sexual attitudes among Turkish university students

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Hatipoğlu Sümer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Turkish University Students

My purpose was to investigate the effects of gender and sex-role orientation on attitudes toward autoeroticism/masturbation, abortion, pornography, homosexuality, premarital sex, and sexual coercion among Turkish university students. Participants were 468 undergraduate students from 3 large urban universities in Ankara. The Turkish version of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974) and the Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Test for Adolescents (SKAT-A; Fullard, Johnston, & Lief, 1998) were used to collect data. Results revealed no sex-role orientation effect on sexual attitudes. Furthermore, no gender differences were observed in attitudes toward masturbation, homosexuality, and premarital sex. The attitude subscales on which meaningful gender differences were found were abortion, pornography, and sexual coercion. Findings are discussed with respect to the role of Turkish culture in the development of attitudes toward sexuality.

Hearing Vocation Differently

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Affective Learning ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Faith Traditions ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Relationship

Colleges and universities have begun using the language of vocation and calling to help undergraduates think about the future direction of their lives. This language has been employed in both secular and religious contexts, but it has deep roots in a specific theological tradition. Given the increasingly multi-faith context of undergraduate life, many have asked whether this originally Christian terminology can truly become a new vocabulary for higher education. This volume’s 13 contributing scholars identify with a wide variety of faith traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Sikhism. Some claim more than one tradition; others would claim none. Rather than seeking to “translate” Christian language into other perspectives, they reflect on various facets of vocation from the standpoint of their own traditions. Both individually and collectively, they seek to expand the range of vocational reflection and discernment well beyond its traditional Christian origins, addressing themes such as religious pluralism and difference, the importance of multiple voices, the role of affective learning, the relationship between process and result, and the development of an integrated life. The authors recognize that all undergraduate students—regardless of their academic field, religious background, or demographic identity—need to make space for reflection, to overcome obstacles to vocational discernment, and to consider the significance of their own narratives, beliefs, and practices. Accomplishing these goals will require college campuses to reimagine their curricular and co-curricular programming in order to support their students’ interfaith reflections on issues of meaning and purpose, as well as personal identity.

Adults' Perceptions of Children's Independence and other Sex-Role Characteristics as a Function of Child's Gender Label

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Bell ◽  
Kay Hibbs ◽  
Thomas Milholland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

Campus Sexual Assault: A Systematic Review of Prevalence Research From 2000 to 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Fedina ◽  
Jennifer Lynne Holmes ◽  
Bethany L. Backes
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Contact

Sexual assault is a pervasive problem on university and college campuses in the United States that has garnered growing national attention, particularly in the past year. This is the first study to systematically review and synthesize prevalence findings from studies on campus sexual assault (CSA) published since 2000 ( n = 34). The range of prevalence findings for specific forms of sexual victimization on college campuses (i.e., forcible rape, unwanted sexual contact, incapacitated rape, sexual coercion, and studies’ broad definitions of CSA/rape) is provided, and methodological strengths and limitations in the empirical body of research on CSA are discussed. Prevalence findings, research design, methodology, sampling techniques, and measures, including the forms of sexual victimization measured, are presented and evaluated across studies. Findings suggest that unwanted sexual contact appears to be most prevalent on college campuses, including sexual coercion, followed by incapacitated rape, and completed or attempted forcible rape. Additionally, several studies measured broad constructs of sexual assault that typically include combined forms of college-based sexual victimization (i.e., forcible completed or attempted rape, unwanted sexual contact, and/or sexual coercion). Extensive variability exists within findings for each type of sexual victimization measured, including those that broadly measure sexual assault, which is largely explained by differences in sampling strategies and overall study designs as well as measures of sexual assault used in studies. Implications for findings and recommendations for future research on the prevalence of college-based sexual victimization are provided.

The influence of sex and sex role orientation on sexual coercion

Sex Roles ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Poppen ◽  
Nina J. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation

scholarly journals Sex Role Identity, Communication Skills, and Group Popularity

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Loredana Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Potential Predictor ◽  
Sex Role Identity

Using two groups of undergraduate students (N = 71) the present paper argues about the importance of sex role identity (Bem, 1981) as a potential predictor of group popularity. The results show that participants with psychological androgine identity tend to use better their communication skills and become popular among their peers. Contray to previous studies (e.g. Hall, 1984; Saarni, 1999) focused on gender gap in communication skills, the current study emphasis on the importance of the sex role identity (Bem, 1974, 1975) in undestanding the relation between communication skills and likeability.

Sex Role Ideology, Relationship Context, and Response to Sexual Coercion in College Females

Sex Roles ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger E. Faulkner ◽  
Russell L. Kolts ◽  
Gail F. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
College Females ◽  
Relationship Context

Campus Sexual Violence Victims with Disabilities: Disclosure and Help Seeking

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096714
Author(s):  
Anne Kirkner ◽  
Sara-Beth Plummer ◽  
Patricia A. Findley ◽  
Sarah McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Campus Climate ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Victim Services ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
The University

Undergraduate students with disabilities represent an important population on college campuses. Yet the incidence of sexual violence and disclosing/reporting of sexual violence among this population is understudied. This exploratory and largely descriptive study uses an intersectional framework to understand the sexual victimization of undergraduate students with disabilities at a large Mid-Atlantic academic institution. The sample consisted of students who completed a sexual violence module ( N = 2,929) as part of a larger campus climate survey. Students with disabilities comprised a smaller sample within this group ( n = 177) and descriptive and chi-square results from both groups of students are reported. Students with disabilities had a statistically significant higher likelihood of sexual violence victimization before coming to campus and while at the university, with much higher rates for precollege victimization than students with no disabilities. Disclosure rates were not different for students across the two groups, though students with disabilities were more likely to utilize formal sources of support, such as campus Title IX offices and mental health services. This study shows support for a strengths-based approach that recognizes that students with disabilities may be more likely to reach out to campus resources. The findings of the study also underscore the need for culturally relevant victim services for students with disabilities. An evaluation of the culture of a university and its environment of openness, sharing, community, and protection (or lack thereof) can be a key point for future approaches to sexual violence on campus.

Alienation, Learning or Grade Orientation, and Achievement as Correlates of Attitudes toward Cheating

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1096-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Roig ◽  
Mary Ann W. Neaman
Keyword(s):  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Learning Orientation ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Attitudes Toward Cheating

154 undergraduate students were given Gardner and Melvin's Attitudes Toward Cheating Scale, Ray's General Alienation Scale, and Eison's Learning Orientation/Grade Orientation Scale. Scores indicating condemnatory (unfavorable) attitudes toward cheating were positively correlated with grade point average and negatively correlated with alienation. Our results are consistent with a previous study which showed an association between cheating and alienation.

Habit-Specific Locus of Control Scales for Drinking, Smoking, and Eating

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Ludtke ◽  
H. G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Coefficient Alpha ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Habit Disorders

The internal consistencies of three habit-specific locus of control scales measuring drinking, smoking, and eating behavior were evaluated using coefficient alpha. The three scales, along with Rotter's I-E scale, were administered to 202 undergraduate students. Estimates indicated the scales showed reasonably high internal consistency. Scores on the smoking and drinking scales had the lowest correlations with scores on Rotter's generalized measure. Mean drinking scale scores were lower than those for smoking and eating, suggesting that people judge drinking to be under more personal control. The implications of habit-specific expectancies, particularly with regard to habit disorders, are discussed.

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