scholarly journals One Snake or Two? Exploring Medical Symbols Among Medical Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Kazeem Kanmodi Kehinde ◽  
Adebayo Oladimeji ◽  
Ayomikun Adesina Miracle ◽  
Francis Fagbule Omotayo ◽  
Emerenini Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Symbols play a very crucial role in the culture of a society, and the medical society is not an exception to this. In the world of Orthodox medicine, the Rod of Asclepius is regarded as the true symbol of medicine. However, there exists to be an issue of interchange of the correct medical symbol (i.e. Rod of Asclepius) with another similar symbol (i.e. the Caduceus). This study aims to explore medical students’ knowledge and opinion on the appropriate symbol of medicine. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of 84 medical students at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), North-West Nigeria. Study tool was a paper questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Epi info 7 Software. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 23.7 (±3.4) years, 72.6% were males, and 73.8% were in their 4th year. Only 59.5% had interest in non-medical literature. Also, only 6.0% had doctors as their parents. The majority (88.1%) of the participants erroneously identified the Caduceus symbol as the most appropriate symbol of medicine. Furthermore, only 45.2% indicated that the Rod of Asclepius and the Caduceus symbols originated from ancient Greece. Virtually all (97.6%) the participants opined that the Caduceus symbol is the most popular symbol of Medicine. Finally, the majority (73.8%) of the participants recommended that a course on the History of Medicine should be added to the medical curriculum of their school. Conclusion: This study found that the majority of the surveyed medical students did not know much about the historically correct medical symbol. This shows the need for awareness creation on the true symbol of medicine among medical students, and even the public-at-large.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2333-2336
Author(s):  
Anum Arif ◽  
Minahil Iram ◽  
Sabih Nofal ◽  
Aima Sohail ◽  
Bismah Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Interns And Residents ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To assess prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress in medical students, interns, and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Doctors studying and practicing in the private sector have a higher DASS21 score (p = < 0.006) Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2215-2218
Author(s):  
Anum Arif ◽  
Minahil Iram ◽  
Sabih Nofal ◽  
Aima Sohail ◽  
Bismah Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Interns And Residents ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress in medical students, interns and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in common in medical students. This calls for the development of strategies, workshops, and programs to identify modifiable stressors, encourage students to reach out to their family members and their teachers to verbalize their issues, and make psychiatric consultation accessible to them. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

scholarly journals The effect of COVID-19 on medical students’ education and wellbeing: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan ElHawary ◽  
Ali Salimi ◽  
Natasha Barone ◽  
Peter Alam ◽  
Stephanie Thibaudeau
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Medical School ◽  
History Of

Background: Canadian medical school curriculums have undergone major restructuring during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study’s goal was to assess the perceived impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ education and wellbeing.  Methods: An online survey was distributed to Canadian medical students.  Descriptive analyses and ANOVAs were used to assess changes in mental health, health habits and quality of education during the pandemic. Results: 248 medical students from 13 schools across Canada participated in this study. 74% reported a reduction in the quality of their education since COVID-19. 58% of students found online to be inferior to in-person teaching. 65% of students had more time for wellness and leisure activities, about half of the cohort felt more depressed (48%) and lonelier (52%). Student’s overall health habits worsened after the start of the pandemic (F=37.4, p < 0.001). Alcohol drinking, time spent seated, and screen time also increased since the pandemic (p < 0.001). During the pandemic, students with a prior history of depression or anxiety expressed increased depressive symptoms (66% vs. 42%, p =0.003), increased anxiety (69% vs. 41%, p < 0001), worse sleep quality (34% vs. 18%, p = 0.031), and poorer quality of life (55% vs. 65%, p = 0.024) versus those with no prior history. Conclusion: Canadian medical student’s education and wellbeing has been negatively impacted during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Among the Public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A Alshehri ◽  
Omar M Saggaf ◽  
Hussein M Alshamrani ◽  
Abdulrahman Mutlaq Alnefaie ◽  
Khalid B Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family History ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is a common condition that is unpleasant and might lead to various middle ear disorders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) among the public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jeddah during August 2018 by distributing an electronic survey form to participants from different districts of the city. All male and female residents of Jeddah aged 10 years and above had the chance to participate in this study. RESULTS A total of 2372 participants (female, 1535/2372, 64.71%; male, 837/2372, 35.28%; mean age 31.31 years, SD 11.85 years) agreed to contribute to our study. Upon analysis of their answers to the questionnaire, the overall prevalence of ETD in our sample was found to be 42.49% (1008/2372). The prevalence was higher among participants who reported a previous diagnosis of ETD and hearing loss (1897/2372, 80.00% and 1902/2372, 80.21%, respectively). Additionally, participants with a family history of hearing loss had a significantly higher prevalence (1136/2372, 47.92%) of ETD than those with no family history of hearing loss. Our analysis also showed that females were at a greater risk of developing ETD than males (<i>P</i>=.01). CONCLUSIONS As per our prevalence data, ETD is a common disease in Jeddah, pointing to the need for more attention, awareness, and research.

scholarly journals Knowledge of and Attitude towards Primary Healthcare among Undergraduate Medical Students

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Almas Khattak ◽  
Rabia Khattak ◽  
Maria Mufti ◽  
Haseeba Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical Colleges

OBJECTIVES: To assess undergraduate medical students’ knowledge of and their attitudes towards primary healthcare and to compare the knowledge and attitudes of students in public and private medical colleges as well as between different demographic groups of students. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in public and private medical colleges after an ethical approval was granted. Data was collected from 201 undergraduate medical students through a validated (by Chalmers et al. 1997) Primary Health Care Questionnaire (PHCQ) utilizing an online data collection platform of Google Forms. The link to Google Form was distributed via emails and social media links of participating colleges. Data was exported from Google Form into SPSS version 24 and analyzed. RESULTS: The total knowledge score of students ranged from 8 to 17 with the mean knowledge score of 12.62 (SD: 1.398). The total attitude score ranged from 59 to 82 for all the participants with the mean attitude score of 71.12 (SD=4.382). Comparison of knowledge scores showed higher scores in females than males (p=0.004), and significantly higher attitudes scores among private medical students than public (p=0.037). CONCLUSION: Medical students’ gender and setting of their medical studies showed significant influence on their knowledge of and attitudes towards primary healthcare.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Among the Public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study

10.2196/14640 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e14640
Author(s):  
Khalid A Alshehri ◽  
Omar M Saggaf ◽  
Hussein M Alshamrani ◽  
Abdulrahman Mutlaq Alnefaie ◽  
Khalid B Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family History ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
History Of

Background Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is a common condition that is unpleasant and might lead to various middle ear disorders. Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) among the public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jeddah during August 2018 by distributing an electronic survey form to participants from different districts of the city. All male and female residents of Jeddah aged 10 years and above had the chance to participate in this study. Results A total of 2372 participants (female, 1535/2372, 64.71%; male, 837/2372, 35.28%; mean age 31.31 years, SD 11.85 years) agreed to contribute to our study. Upon analysis of their answers to the questionnaire, the overall prevalence of ETD in our sample was found to be 42.49% (1008/2372). The prevalence was higher among participants who reported a previous diagnosis of ETD and hearing loss (1897/2372, 80.00% and 1902/2372, 80.21%, respectively). Additionally, participants with a family history of hearing loss had a significantly higher prevalence (1136/2372, 47.92%) of ETD than those with no family history of hearing loss. Our analysis also showed that females were at a greater risk of developing ETD than males (P=.01). Conclusions As per our prevalence data, ETD is a common disease in Jeddah, pointing to the need for more attention, awareness, and research.

scholarly journals Medication use among pregnant women at a secondary health institution: utilisation patterns and predictors of quantity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1206-1216
Author(s):  
Stella T Obadeji ◽  
Adetunji Obadeji ◽  
Janet O Bamidele ◽  
Felix T Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Despite the lack of adequate studies on the safety of drugs in pregnancy, surprisingly, available evidence shows that pregnant women still take large number of drugs. Objectives: The study aim was to determine drug utilization pattern and predictors of number of medications used by pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 369 pregnant women attending a secondary health facility. Data were collect- ed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics using the Chi-Square test were carried out with level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: Three hundred and sixty-nine women were interviewed. Their mean age was 27.7 years (SD± 4.78) and the mean number of pregnancies was 2.46 (SD± 1.34). On average, 2.62 medications were taken, with the lowest being 1 and the highest being 12 different medications during the course of pregnancy. Those who were on more than 2 medications were more likely to be older than 30 years, had lower education and with history of associated medical conditions. All participants were on one form of supplements or the other, nearly half had used antimalarials, 12.8%, 5.8% 2.4% were on antibiotics, anti-hypertensive and anti-retroviral medications respectively. All the medications prescribed were from category A, B, C, N, and none from category D and X. Conclusion: Varieties of medications were used during the course of pregnancy among this population, however, most of these drugs were still within safety profile. Keywords: Medications; pregnancy; pattern; predictors; co-morbidity.

scholarly journals Compare the severity of psychological distress among four groups of Iranian society in COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Vahedian-Azimi ◽  
Malihe Sadat Moayed ◽  
Farshid Rahimibashar ◽  
Sajad Shojaei ◽  
Sara Ashtari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Population ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused serious psychological problems, such as panic attack, anxiety, stress and depression. The main objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of this psychological distress among four groups of Iranian population.Method: In cross-sectional survey, the mental health status of four groups of Iranian society such as community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff and medical students were investigated by self-report questionnaire Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). DASS-21 questionnaire and the demographic data sheet were filled in by all participants. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 21.0. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Of the 886 participants in this survey, 554 (62.5%) were male and 332 (37.5%) were female, and the mean ± standard division (SD) age of subjects was 40.91±10.7 years. Among these participants, 241 (27.2%) were selected from community population, 221 (24.9%) were patients with COVID-19, 217 (24.5%) were medical staff and 207 (23.4%) were medical students. The mean score of stress, anxiety and depression in medical students and patients with COVID-19 was significantly higher than medical staff and community population (P<0.05). In overall, the score of anxiety level in male was higher than that in female (27.4±4.6 vs. 26.48±4.8, P=0.006), and the score of depression in unmarried participants was significantly higher than that in married group (27.5±4.8 vs. 26.7±4.6, P=0.023). In addition, the score of depression in female medical staff (27.08±4.6 vs. 25.33±4.3, P=0.011) and community population (26.6±4.3 vs. 25.3±4.3, P=0.02) was higher than that in male.Conclusion: In COVID-19 pandemic, the severity of anxiety, stress and depression was high among Iranian population. Patients with COVID-19 and medical students who spent time with patients with COVID-19, with low experience than professional medical staff and community population were at high risk for mental illness. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of psychological distress for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide.

scholarly journals Why is patient safety a challenge? Insights from the Professionalism Opinions of Medical Students (PoMS) Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
paul mcgurgan ◽  
katrina Calvert ◽  
Kiran Narula ◽  
Elizabeth Nathan ◽  
Tony Celenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Gender And Age

Introduction Despite increased emphasis on education and training for patient safety in medical schools, there is little known about factors influencing decision making regarding patient safety behaviours. This study examined the nature and magnitude of factors which may influence opinions around patient safety related behaviours as a means of providing insights into how Australian doctors and medical students view these issues relative to members of the public. Methods A national, multicentre, prospective, online cross sectional survey was conducted using responses to hypothetical clinical scenarios. Three cohorts were surveyed Australian enrolled medical students, medical doctors and members of the public. Participant responses were compared for the different contextual variables within the scenarios and the participants demographic characteristics student, doctor, member of the public, gender and age (if public or doctors)/ seniority in the course (if a medical student). Results In total there were 2602 medical student participants, 809 doctors and 503 members of the Australian public. Medical doctors were more likely than other cohorts to have statistically significant differences in how they viewed the acceptability of patient safety related behaviours; doctors were more tolerant of medical students not reporting concerning behaviours. Medical students opinions frequently demonstrated a transition effect, bridging between the doctors and publics attitudes, consistent with professional identity formation. Conclusions Opinions on the acceptability of medical students patient safety related behaviours were influenced by the demographics of the cohort and the contextual complexity of the scenario. Although the survey used hypothetical scenarios, doctors and medical students opinions appear to be influenced by cognitive dissonances, biases and heuristics which may negatively affect patient safety.

scholarly journals Quality of Sleep and Its Correlates among Yemeni Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bothaina Ahmed Attal ◽  
Mohammed Bezdan ◽  
Abdulwahab Abdulqader
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background. Sleep disturbance is particularly common among medical students worldwide and affects their wellbeing and academic performance. However, little is known about this issue in Yemen. This study looks at sleep quality and its association with personal and life-style factors and self-reported academic performance among medical students at the largest Yemeni university. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Sana’a University, Yemen, in 2017. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), consisting of 19 items and 7 components ( score   range = 0 ‐ 3 ), was used to assess sleep quality. The summation of the components’ scores yields the global PSQI score ( range = 0 ‐ 21 ). A global PSQI value higher than 5 indicates poor quality of sleep. Logistic regression was applied to look at relationships. Results. 240 male (41%) and female (59%) medical students took part in the study with 54% being preclinical and 46% clinical with an average age of 23.3 years ( SD = 1.7 ). The mean global score (SD) was 6.85 (2.8), and 68% of the students ( N = 163 ) were identified as poor sleepers. The mean global PSQI score (SD) and proportion of poor sleepers were higher among males (7.7 (2.8) and 81%, respectively) than females (6.27 (2.42) and 59.2%, respectively), p ≤ 0.001 . Good sleep quality was more likely (OR (95% CI)) among females (3.4 (1.3-8.8)), the unmarried (2.8 (1-7.8)), those in good health (2.3 (1.1-4.5)), and nonkhat chewers (4.9 (1.4-17.1)). Nonsmokers were less likely to have good quality sleep compared to occasional smokers (0.185 (0.071-.485)). Stress (30%) and academic workload (21%) were the most commonly reported causes of poor sleep quality. Almost two-thirds of the students (65%) mentioned that disturbed sleep undermined their academic performance. Conclusions. Poor sleep quality is common among Sana’a medical students and impacts their academic performance. Specific stress management and sleep hygiene promoting programs should be incorporated early on in medical education.

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