scholarly journals Medication use among pregnant women at a secondary health institution: utilisation patterns and predictors of quantity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1206-1216
Author(s):  
Stella T Obadeji ◽  
Adetunji Obadeji ◽  
Janet O Bamidele ◽  
Felix T Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Despite the lack of adequate studies on the safety of drugs in pregnancy, surprisingly, available evidence shows that pregnant women still take large number of drugs. Objectives: The study aim was to determine drug utilization pattern and predictors of number of medications used by pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 369 pregnant women attending a secondary health facility. Data were collect- ed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics using the Chi-Square test were carried out with level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: Three hundred and sixty-nine women were interviewed. Their mean age was 27.7 years (SD± 4.78) and the mean number of pregnancies was 2.46 (SD± 1.34). On average, 2.62 medications were taken, with the lowest being 1 and the highest being 12 different medications during the course of pregnancy. Those who were on more than 2 medications were more likely to be older than 30 years, had lower education and with history of associated medical conditions. All participants were on one form of supplements or the other, nearly half had used antimalarials, 12.8%, 5.8% 2.4% were on antibiotics, anti-hypertensive and anti-retroviral medications respectively. All the medications prescribed were from category A, B, C, N, and none from category D and X. Conclusion: Varieties of medications were used during the course of pregnancy among this population, however, most of these drugs were still within safety profile. Keywords: Medications; pregnancy; pattern; predictors; co-morbidity.

scholarly journals Classroom Attentiveness of Children from Home with Inter Parental Violence in Chamwino District, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 4) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Simion Kaminyoge Ambakisye
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Parental Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated on classroom attentiveness of children from home with inter parental violence in Chamwino, Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed the cross-sectional survey design whereby 312 out of 652 children from five secondary schools were randomly selected to participate by filling the questionnaire. Chi square test was employed to determine the relationship between violence against mothers and children’s attentiveness at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated a significant relationship between parental conflicts and lack of pupils’ adequate concentration in learning. The findings further showed that female children whose mothers are accustomed to violence are more inattentive than male children during the teaching and learning processes. The study recommends that effective intervention strategies such as developing training through psycho education within families, schools and the community be in place.

scholarly journals The Association of Hypovitaminosis D with the Metabolic Syndrome Is Independent of the Degree of Obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inka Miñambres ◽  
Joan Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada ◽  
Jose Rodríguez ◽  
Alberto de Leiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Background. It remains uncertain whether the metabolic syndrome (MS) or insulin resistance contribute to the association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 343 subjects who were overweight or obese. We analyzed anthropometric data and the presence or absence of MS. Additionally, we determined 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and insulin concentrations, and the HOMA index was calculated. Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test, Student's t-tests,and logistic regression analysis were used. Results. The mean age of the patients was 42±11 years, and 65.9% were women. The mean BMI was 34.7±8.3 kg/m2 and 25(OH)D levels were 53.7±29.8 nmol/L. Forty-six patients (13.4%) had MS. Vitamin D status was associated with the degree of obesity, especially with a BMI > 40 kg/m2. Patients with MS had lower levels of 25(OH)D than patients without (43.3±29.0 versus 55.3±29.6 mmol/L, resp.), and the odds ratio for hypovitaminosis D was 2.7 (confidence interval (CI), 1.14–6.4) (P=.023) for patients with MS versus patients without MS, irrespective of the degree of obesity. Conclusions. Our data confirm the association between vitamin D and MS and suggest that this association is independent of the degree of obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of tobacco and cannabis co-use in 15-year-old students in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Koprivnikar ◽  
Tina Zupanič ◽  
Andreja Drev ◽  
Helena Jeriček Klanšček
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Measures

Introduction: While the co-use of tobacco and cannabis is common among adolescents, no data on this topic is currently available for Slovenia. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the prevalence and characteristics of tobacco and cannabis co-use in 15-year-old students in Slovenia.Methods: We analysed the data obtained from a representative sample of 15-year-old Slovene students (n = 1615) who took part in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children international cross-sectional survey, and performed a chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results: Lifetime tobacco and cannabis use was reported by 19.5 % of 15-year-old students with no gender difference (p = 0.108) and was associated with history of drunkenness (OR = 8.18, 95 % C.I. 5.74−11.64), friends' use of cannabis (OR = 3.93, 95 % C.I. 2.67−5.79) and tobacco (OR = 1.83, 95 % C. I. 1.25−2.69), and with lower perceived family support (OR = 0.88, 95 % C.I. 0.80−0.97). Current co-use was reported by 7.2 % with no gender difference (p = 0.136) and was associated with a history of drunkenness (OR = 8.06, 95 % C.I. 4.43−14.67), friends' use of cannabis (OR = 3.72, 95 % C.I. 2.23−6.19) and living in a reconstructed family (OR = 3.33, 95 % C. I. 1.74−6.40).Discussion and conclusion: Our study advocates for expanding preventive and cessation programmes from one to more psychoactive substances. Peers and family are the key factors which need to be addressed in theseprogrammes. They can be reached through the school and healthcare systems. Environmental prevention measures, including legislative measures, create environments promoting healthy choices and thus contribute to the reduction of such co-use.

Orthodontic Treatment Need in Bangladeshi Young Adults Evaluated Through Dental Aesthetic Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kajol Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Bangladeshi young adults by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and private college of Dhaka and Netrokona, Bangladesh. A total of 405 students (from 17 to 25 years old) were selected by convenience sampling. Students wearing orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The chi-square test (x2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between various age groups. The t test was used to compare the mean DAI scores between sex groups.Results: 405 college students were examined, 305(75.3%) were boys and 100(24.7%) were girls. Most of the  students 277(68.4%) had DAI scores ? 25 with no or little malocclusion requiring slight  or no  orthodontic  treatment, 76(18.8%) had DAI score of 26-30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic  treatment, 34(8.4%) had DAI score of 31-35 with severe type of malocclusion requiring highly desirable orthodontic treatment, 18(4.4%) had DAI score ? 36 with very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: The majority of the students in our study (68.4%) required no or little treatment; (12.8%) had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2

scholarly journals Attitude of Postmenopausal Women Toward the Menopause and Hormone Treatment in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Ijeoma V Ezeome ◽  
Joseph O Ezugworie ◽  
Theophilus O Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hot Flush ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

Objectives: Menopause is a naturally occurring event in which there is a failure of a woman’s ovarian function, thus ending her ability to bear children. However, the attitude of women about menopause and its treatment vary in different societies. The present study assessed postmenopausal women’s attitude and knowledge about menopause and hormone treatment (HT) in a private specialist clinic in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 400 consecutively selected women at the gynecologic clinic of a specialist hospital in Enugu through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were applied to investigate women’s attitudes using SPSS software. The level of significance was estimated by the chi-square test and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents at menopause was 48.4 (±5.2) years, and their ages ranged between 38 and 52 years. A total of 300 (75%) women had at least primary education. In addition, the hot flush was the most common symptom. Further, 236 (59%) of the respondents obtained their information based on experiences and older women while 64 (16%) of them received such information from books and the internet. Totally, 148 (37%) of women sought treatment in the hospital and 196 (49%) of them had heard of HT mostly from their physician. Even though they were aware that HT relieves hot flushes, they were afraid of the perceived side effects like cancer and heart disease. However, 10.3% remained as the current users. Given adequate information, 37% of the respondents would like to use HT. Conclusions: In general, an increased number of postmenopausal women in Enugu, Nigeria seek relief in the hospital and are becoming aware of HT.

scholarly journals Factors Related with Anemia in Pregnant Women in Johan Pahlawan Sub-District, West Aceh District

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Susy Sriwahyuni ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
Azwar Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy

Anemia in Pregnant Women is a health problem during pregnancy. Where the state of decreased hemoglobin levels and the number of red blood cells below normal values. Increased need for iron nearly tripled for the needs of mothers and fetuses during pregnancy, anemia in pregnant women has an impact on morbidity and maternal death, the risk of low birth weight, premature birth. Anemia can also be avoided by consuming foods that often contain animal protein and vegetable protein. Iron (Fe) intake, knowledge, and family support have an important role in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. This type of research is a cross sectional survey. The study was conducted in Johan Pahlawan Sub-district, West Aceh District. The population is all pregnant women trimester II and III of 54 pregnant women. Taking in total sampling, data analysis used Univariate analysis and Bivariate (Chi-Square test). The results of the study obtained a relationship between the knowledge factor with the P-value = 0.001 and the Family Support factor with a P-value = 0.004 with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Expected mothers are expected to know the importance of consuming iron (Fe) intake, extensive knowledge about the dangers of anemia during pregnancy and the importance of family support for pregnant women to avoid anemia.

scholarly journals Correlation between Heavy School Bags and Upper Limb Disabilities among School Going Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2323-2324
Author(s):  
Umer Ilyas ◽  
Shoaib Waqas ◽  
Zahid Mehmood Bhatti ◽  
Wajida Perveen ◽  
Misbah Amanat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Quick Dash

Aim: To find out correlation between heavy school bags and upper limb disabilities among school going children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey, using non-probability convenience sampling, was conducted on 396 students of 11 to 15 years after ethical approval in 6 months. Height (in cm) and weight (in Kg) were noted and BMI was calculated. Students with the normal BMI were included in the study. Weigh of the students were recorded with their shoes off while the weight of the bags was calculated with all the stationary included. Quick DASH scale score was calculated and correlated with the weight of the bag by applying Chi-Square test. Results: The mean age of the participants was13.49±1.12 years. The mean weight of the school bag was 6.10±2.1Kgs while the students were carrying more than one-quarter of their body weight. The disability calculated from the quick DASH scale was as high as 40%. Chi-square showed a significant correlation between the upper limb disabilities and the weight of the bag. Conclusion: The study showed that there is a significant correlation that the use of heavy school bags can cause upper limb disabilities in children. Keywords: Heavy School Bags, Upper Limb Disabilities, Children, Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand

scholarly journals Health Awareness in the Field of Physical Activity in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
S. Paulik ◽  
A. Plskova ◽  
M. Kacmarikova ◽  
R, Ochaba
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Study Participants

Objectives:The aim of this study was to provide up-to-date information on the prevalence of insufficient physical activity in Slovaks according to gender and age in 2019. Design: Pilot study Participants: A cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019 (men n = 1,298; women n = 1,316) monitored 2,614 partici- pants in the age category 15 - 64 years from all over Slovakia. Methods:We statistically analyzed the questionnaire survey on Health Awareness in Slovakia using the Chi-square test and Fisher's test, in which the level of significance was determined p-value ≤ 0.05.Results:Young men preferred active sports compared to young women who preferred to spend time on social networks. Older men preferred light physical activity compared to older women, who preferred reading books and magazines. Conclusion:With increasing age, the performance of physical activity in Slovaks decreased.

scholarly journals Prevalence and awareness of osteopenia in perimenopausal women in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Ajay Dodeja ◽  
Anushka Makhija ◽  
Ashita Rane ◽  
Meeta Dodeja
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Osteopenia is considered as precursor of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem associated with substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden worldwide. Osteopenia occurs more frequently in most menopausal women. Early detection of the same can be beneficial to control prevalence of osteoporosis and also to reduce the fracture rates.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) was conducted on 80 women. A self-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of awareness among the study subjects. The data was analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-Square test for association. The level of significance was set at 5%.Results: The prevalence of osteopenia in the studied population was 63.75%. The mean age was recorded to be 40.35 years. The mean age of women with menopause in this study is 50.62 years. Out of the 51(63.75%) women diagnosed with osteopenia, 5.9% were underweight, 33.3% were normal and 49% were obese. Of the diseased, 37.3% experienced adequate amount sunlight exposure required while 62.7% did not. Out of the 80 women interviewed 43.75% were aware about osteopenia, its causes and complications; which 56.25% were unaware about the same.Conclusions: Women were screened for osteopenia with the help of DEXA scan according to the (World Health Organization) WHO, T-Score criteria-which may go undiagnosed otherwise and may experience the risk and complications of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PLASENTA PREVIA PADA IBU BERSALIN DI RSUD DAYA KOTA MAKASSAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudiarsi Eppang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

The aim of the study: To determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of placenta previa in mothers who gave birth at RSUD Daya Makassar City. Method: Quantitative Research, with a cross sectional approach. The design of this study was used with the goal to knowing the risk factors associated with the incidence of placenta previa in mothers who gave birth at RSUD Daya Kota Makassar in 2020. The population in this study were all mothers who experienced placenta previa recorded as data in the INC room at RSUD. Daya City of Makassar in 2020. The sample in this study were women who experienced placenta previa recorded in the INC room data at RSUD Daya Kota Makassar in 2020. Results: This study shows that 15 respondents studied showed that there was a relationship between age, parity, history of curettage, and the distance between pregnancies to the incidence of placenta previa. Based on the results of the chi square test, the results obtained were age (p = 0.019), parity (p = 0.005), history of curettage (p = 0.020) and pregnancy distance (p = 0.020). Conclusion: in this study there is a significant relationship between age, parity, history of curettage, and the distance between pregnancies to the incidence of placenta previa at RSUD Daya Kota Makassar. Suggestion: Suggestions for health workers need to increase antenatal supervision of pregnant women who have a history of obstetrics, so that risky pregnant women can be managed properly

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