Bio-Fuel Properties and Elemental Analysis of Bio-Oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Gmelina Arborea

AbstractNigeria demand for sustainable, affordable and accessible energy is on the rise. Hence, this led to rigorous research to determine affordable processes of using waste materials for production of sustainable energy. In this research pyrolysis was carried out in a fabricated fixed bed pilot-scale reactor using Gmelina arborea (sawdust) biomass for the production of bio-oil. The physical, chemical properties and the ultimate analysis of the bio oil produced were determined following standard methods. The physicochemical properties and ultimate analysis obtained were favourable. The highest moisture content of 21 % at 600 oC and least moisture content of 12 % at 900 oC were obtained from Gmelina arborea. The elemental results of the products show low sulphur quantity which is of good prospects that Gmelina arborea are good materials for bioenergy production without posing danger to the environment. Utilisation of Gmelina arborea for bio-oil production as an alternative fuel would shun unfavourable environmental abasement related to the use of conventional fuels.

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Torrefaction as a Valorization Method Used Prior to the Gasification of Sewage Sludge

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12010175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 175 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Halina Pawlak-Kruczek ◽

Mateusz Wnukowski ◽

Lukasz Niedzwiecki ◽

Michał Czerep ◽

Mateusz Kowal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Steam Gasification ◽

Gasification Process ◽

Pilot Scale Reactor ◽

Scale Reactor

The gasification and torrefaction of sewage sludge have the potential to make the thermal utilization of sewage sludge fully sustainable, thus limiting the use of expensive fossil fuels in the process. This includes sustainability in terms of electricity consumption. Although a great deal of work has been performed so far regarding the gasification of sewage sludge and some investigations have been performed in the area of its torrefaction, there is still a gap in terms of the influence of the torrefaction of the sewage sludge on its subsequent gasification. This study presents the results from the torrefaction tests, performed on a pilot scale reactor, as well as two consecutive steam gasification tests, performed in an allothermal fixed bed gasifier, in order to determine if torrefaction can be deemed as a primary method of the reduction of tar content for the producer gas, from the aforementioned gasification process. A comparative analysis is performed based on the results obtained during both tests, with special emphasis on the concentrations of condensable compounds (tars). The obtained results show that the torrefaction of sewage sludge, performed prior to gasification, can indeed have a positive influence on the gas quality. This is beneficial especially in terms of the content of heavy tars with melting points above 40 °C.

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Fluidized bed gasification of eucalyptus chips: Axial profiles of syngas composition in a pilot scale reactor

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2020.119604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 219 ◽

pp. 119604

Author(s):

Francesco Parrillo ◽

Filomena Ardolino ◽

Gabriele Calì ◽

Davide Marotto ◽

Alberto Pettinau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Pilot Scale Reactor ◽

Scale Reactor

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Pretreatment of Corn Stover by Low Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia (LMAA) in a Pilot-Scale Reactor and Bioconversion to Fuel Ethanol and Industrial Chemicals

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12010-016-1982-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 179 (1) ◽

pp. 111-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nhuan P. Nghiem ◽

Gerard E. Senske ◽

Tae Hyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Corn Stover ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Fuel Ethanol ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

Anhydrous Ammonia ◽

Pilot Scale Reactor ◽

Scale Reactor

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Evaluation of Fixed-Bed Cultures with Immobilized Lactococcus Lactis ssp. Lactis on Different Scales

The Open Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874070701711010016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca Faschian ◽

Ilyas Eren ◽

Steven Minden ◽

Ralf Pörtner

Keyword(s):

Dilution Rate ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Scale Up ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Fixed Beds ◽

Pilot Scale Reactor

Fixed-bed processes, where cells are immobilized within macroporous carriers, are a promising alternative to processes with suspended cells. A scale-up concept is presented in order to evaluate the performance as part of process design of fixed-bed processes. Therefore,Lactococcus lactiscultivation in chemostat and batch mode was compared to fixed bed cultures on three different scales, the smallest being the downscaledMultifermwith 10 mL fixed bed units, the second a 100 mL fixed-bed reactor and the third a pilot scale reactor with 1 L fixed bed volume. As expected, the volume specific lactate productivity of all cultivations was dependent on dilution rate. In suspension chemostat culture a maximum of 2.3 g·L-1·h-1was reached. Due to cell retention in the fixed-beds, productivity increased up to 8.29 g·L-1·h-1at a dilution rate of D = 1.16 h-1(corresponding to 2.4·µmax) on pilot scale. For all fixed bed cultures a common spline was obtained indicating a good scale-up performance.

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Utilisation of poultry industry wastes for liquid biofuel production via thermal and catalytic fast pyrolysis

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x18799870 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 157-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ismail Cem Kantarli ◽

Stylianos D Stefanidis ◽

Konstantinos G Kalogiannis ◽

Angelos A Lappas

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Fluidised Bed ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Bio Oil

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of poultry wastes to be used as feedstock in non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis processes, which is a continuation of our previous research on their conversion into biofuel via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal conversion. Both poultry meal and poultry litter were examined, initially in a fixed bed bench-scale reactor using ZSM-5 and MgO as catalysts. Pyrolysis of poultry meal yielded high amounts of bio-oil, while pyrolysis of poultry litter yielded high amounts of solid residue owing to its high ash content. MgO was found to be more effective for the deoxygenation of bio-oil and reduction of undesirable compounds, by converting mainly the acids in the pyrolysis vapours of poultry meal into aliphatic hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 favoured the formation of both aromatic compounds and undesirable nitrogenous compounds. Overall, all bio-oil samples from the pyrolysis of poultry wastes contained relatively high amounts of nitrogen compared with bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass, ca. 9 wt.% in the case of poultry meal and ca. 5–8 wt.% in the case of poultry litter. This was attributed to the high nitrogen content of the poultry wastes, unlike that of lignocellulosic biomass. Poultry meal yielded the highest amount of bio-oil and was selected as optimum feedstock to be scaled-up in a semi-pilot scale fluidised bed biomass pyrolysis unit with the ZSM-5 catalyst. Pyrolysis in the fluidised bed reactor was more efficient for deoxygenation of the bio-oil vapours, as evidenced from the lower oxygen content of the bio-oil.

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Anaerobic co-digestion in a liquid recirculation pilot-scale reactor: Thermal and hydraulic study

Energy Reports ◽

10.1016/j.egyr.2019.09.014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 496-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammed El Ibrahimi ◽

Ismail Khay ◽

Anas El Maakoul ◽

Mohamed Ould Moussa ◽

Abdelwahed Barkaoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Scale ◽

Liquid Recirculation ◽

Pilot Scale Reactor ◽

Scale Reactor

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Nitrification in hybrid reactor with a recycled plastic support material

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132005000400030 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (spe) ◽

pp. 243-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Delmira Beatriz Wolff ◽

Juan Carlos Ochoa ◽

Etienne Paul ◽

Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Hybrid Reactor ◽

Biomass Growth ◽

Support Material ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Working Volume ◽

Two Phases ◽

Pilot Scale Reactor ◽

Scale Reactor

This work investigated the nitrification in a hybrid moving bed pilot scale reactor, which used a low density recycled plastic support material for biomass growth. The filling rate was 20% of its working volume (22L). The feeding and recirculation outflow was 45L/day. The reactor operated at a temperature of 16ºC, in two phases, according to the sludge retention time (SRT): A phase was 10 days and B phase was 3 days (average values). The applied average volumetric nitrogen and organic loads were 0.16KgTKN/m3.day and 1kgCOD/m³.day, respectively. The results showed an average nitrogen removal of 95% and average COD removal of 89%, in both A and B phases. Nitrogen removal rates were independents of the SRT.

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