scholarly journals Mycorrhiza and Stress Tolerance of Vegetables: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Adamec ◽  
Alena Andrejiová
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stress ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
The World

Abstract From year to year, the world growing area is being more poluted with heavy metals or excessive salt level and exposed to lack of moisture or avaiable nutrients in the soil. This resulting in a loss of agricultural land where vegetables were grown in the past. The producers must also fight with more resistant and new species or strains of soil pathogens, while chemical protection is not always the most suitable solution for human health and the environment. Our review focuses on the great importance of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to alleviate abiotic and biotic stress, taking into account the use in vegetable production. The review is gradually focusing on individual stressors and defines the mechanisms of mycorrhizal fungi that contribute to the sustainable agriculture even under severe stress conditions.

scholarly journals Application of Humic Acid and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Increase Growth and Yields of Soybean in Ultisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Rahayu Arraudah ◽  
Yudhy Harini Bertham ◽  
Hesti Pujiwati ◽  
Bambang Gonggo Murcitro ◽  
Entang Inoriah Sukarjo
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Research Stage

Soybean is one of the most popular food crops for the community, but the needs for soybeans have not been fulfilled by soybean production. To meet the needs of soybeans, it is necessary to intensify agricultural land in Ultisol. This study aims to obtain the optimum concentration of humic acid and dosage of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to increase soybean plants' production in Ultisols. This research was conducted from January to April 2020 in Beringin Raya Village, Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City, at an altitude of 10 m above sea level. The research design used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors with three replications, arranged factorially in experimental units. The first factor is the concentration of humic acid, consisting of 4 levels: 0, 15, 30, and 45 mL L-1 . The second factor is the dose of AMF, consisted of 3 levels, namely: 0, 2.5, and 5 g plant-1. The results showed that the maximum soybean growth and yield in Ultisols were obtained from the humic acid concentration at 45 mL L-1 at the dose of AMF at 2.5 g plant-1 . The resulting production potential is 1.99 tons ha-1 . The administration of humic acid or AMF independently at this research stage had not yet given a maximum response to the growth and yield of soybean in Ultisol.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viva Rini ◽  
Fitri Yelli ◽  
Darwin Leonardo Tambunan ◽  
Inggar Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Morphological Studies

Abstract. Rini MV, Yelli F, Tambunan DL, Damayanti I. 2021. Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4940-4947. Molecular analysis has been widely used to provide more accurate identification within arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species than identification based on morphology. However, morphological analysis is essential for a basic preliminary of classification studies. Therefore, a study is needed to complete the identification of AMF isolates through morphological and molecular analyses. This research used three AMF isolates, namely MV 5, MV 17, and MV 18, which were isolated from Indonesian agricultural land. Spore-based taxonomy (shape, size, color, ornamentation, PVLG, and Melzer’s reaction) and fungal colonization on roots of maize trap plants were employed for the morphological studies. AMF species identification was performed using molecular analysis through nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of SSU rRNA followed by sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. Morphological analysis showed that MV 5 had spores borne from the neck of the sporiferous saccule, MV 17 was found to have a bulbous suspensor without a germination shield, and MV 18 had spores borne from subtending hyphae. The SSUR rRNA analysis revealed that MV 5, MV 15, and MV 18 were identified as Acaulospora longula, Gigaspora margarita, and Glomus etunicatum, respectively. Both morphological and molecular methods demonstrated reliable and consistent results that complement AMF taxonomy studies.

scholarly journals Farming the waters: Bringing aquatic plant and animal species to agriculture

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
John Castell
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Means

Aquaculture has a long history, with carp culture in Asia starting before 2000 BC and oyster culture in the Roman Empire before the time of Julius Caesar. However, it is clearly the past 40 yr that have seen the most dramatic expansion of aquaculture. The world's population now exceeds 6 billion people and is still growing at an alarming rate. The world's wild fish harvest has clearly peaked at or above the maximum sustainable yield of about 90 million t. Many fish stocks are suffering from over-fishing and there is little hope of any increase in the capture fisheries production. Though modern agricultural practices have been very efficient at increasing the per acre yields, the world is experiencing an alarmingly steady decrease in the amount of agricultural land devoted to food production. In the past 20–30 yr production of fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants (aquaculture) has become an increasingly important means of producing food, and in some countries aquaculture production accounts for more than half of the total fishery harvest and is even as high as 90% in a few countries. I have reviewed the historical growth of aquaculture, compared the product value in various countries and reviewed aquaculture practices for a number of plant, molluscan, crustacean and fish species around the world. These culture technologies were compared and contrasted with agricultural practices. Finally, some predictions for the future of aquaculture development in Canada and the world have been made. Key words: Canadian aquaculture, history, salmon, fish farming, production statistics, fish culture technology

scholarly journals Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae in agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania.II. Distribution of arbuscular fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Anna Iwaniuk ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Sample ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
North Western

This part of the two-part paper of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota of agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania, north-western Poland, presents the distribution of 26 species of these fungi in both the sites considered in this study and cultivated soils of other regions of Poland and the world investigated previously. The fungi were isolated from both field-collected rhizosphere soil and root mixtures and trap cultures established from each field sample and seeded with three species of plant hosts. Among the fungal species characterized, 18 are of the genus <i>Glomus</i>, one each of the genera <i>Archaeospora, Entrophospora</i> and <i>Paraglomus</i> and three and two of the genera <i>Acaulospora</i> and <i>Scutellospora</i>, respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pesticides in Krško-Brežice polje aquifer

Geologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-288
Author(s):  
Nina MALI ◽  
Anja KOROŠA ◽  
Janko URBANC
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The World

Groundwater pollution with pesticides is a problem that occurs all over the world as well as in Slovenia. Considering the past high loads of groundwater with pesticides, the purpose of the presented research was to determine the presence of pesticides in the groundwater of Krško-Brežiško polje in the period 2018-2019 and to check the applicability of the passive sampling method. A total of 21 groundwater samples were taken at 11 locations and 2 samples each in the Sava and Krka rivers. We identified 15 pesticides and their degradation products. Atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazine were most frequently determined in groundwater samples. They are followed by desethylterbutylazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor and simazine. Atrazine, desethylatrazine, chlortoluron, metolachlor and terbuthylazine were detected in surface water. A total of 24 samples were taken in groundwater and surface water using the qualitative passive sampling method. We singled out 8 pesticides that appear in two campaigns. The frequency and occurrence of individual pesticides by both methods are comparable. Passive sampling has proven to be an appropriate method of identifying the presence of pesticides. The highest loads in the Krško-Brežiško field arise from the agricultural land areas. Groundwater is more contaminated with pesticides in the central part of the field in the direction of groundwater flow from west to east. In the groundwater of the Krško-Brežice field, atrazine and desethylatrazine are still the most frequently detected pesticides with higher concentrations, despite a 20 years long ban on the use of atrazine-based plant protection products.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Mycorrhizal Colonization in the Rhizosphere of Some Dominant Halophytes

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Füzy ◽  
T. Tóth ◽  
Borbála Biró
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Site Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Dominant halophytes, such as Plantago maritima, Aster tripolium, Artemisia santonicum, Puccinellia limosa, Festuca pseudovina and Lepidium crassifolium were monitored for their colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for two vegetation periods, sampled by monthly frequency. Two saline sites (A: Apaj-puszta and Z: Zabszék) were selected for the survey due to their similar physical and chemical soil characteristics (including the salt level and salt specific anions) and the distinct site use (pasturing or not) or water regime (as drought or temporally flooded at the vicinity of the Zabszék lake).  Colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi greatly depended on the plant species and their physiological status, such as the mycotroph or non-mycotroph character. In this respect the highest mycorrhizal intensity (M%) and arbusculum richness (A%) was found on the Plantago maritima , while Puccinellia limosa was the less dependent species on mycorrhiza fungi.  A characteristic seasonal dynamism was found at both saline sites, for all sampled halophytes. A maximum mycorrhizal colonization was recorded in late spring and early summer, when there was an increased plant-physiological initiative for the helpful symbiosis (i.e. intensive vegetative and/or generative phases of the hosts).  The rate of fungal intensity in the root system (M%), and especially the arbusculum richness (A%) on the other hand was found to be dependent on the site use and the water fluctuation in the soils. A more versatile dynamism of the mycorrhizal colonization was found therefore at the vicinity of the Zabszek lake with the permanent water fluctuations. Under more drought stressed conditions an increased mycorrhizal colonization and functioning (arbusculum richness) was found, generally preceeding the high environmental stress, which was deleterious for both symbiont partners. Such mycorrhizal dynamism in the rhizosphere, however, seems to be a common strategy between the hosts and the microsymbionts in the “struggle for life” process in the Hungarian steppe.

scholarly journals A Protocol on in Vitro Propagation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Root Organ Culture

 The technique of in vitro propagation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been developed over the past few decades and opens up areas of studying plant-fungi interactions. It is a scientific break through, especially for the study of the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, since these obligate symbionts depend on host plant. The objective of this paper is to find out the in vitro culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture technique. Ascertain of root colonization of these fungi could be affected in vitro without undertaking complex and complicated culture conditions. This could form an economically viable technique for root organ culture of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Перспективы производства органической овощной продукции в России

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Nekoval ◽  
A.K. Churikova ◽  
A.V. Belyaeva ◽  
O.A. Maskalenko ◽  
S.S. Chumakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
World Market ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current State ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Domestic Products

Представлен краткий обзор современного состояния производства органической овощной продукции в РФ. Указано, что за счет перехода на органическое земледелие в России появится возможность освоить значительную часть брошенных с. – х. угодий. Это приведет к увеличению рабочих мест, обеспечит внутренний продовольственный рынок отечественной продукцией высокого качества и сделает Россию конкурентоспособной на мировом рынке органической продукции.A brief overview of the current state of organic vegetable production in Russia is presented. It is indicated that due to the transition to organic farming in Russia will be able to develop a significant part of the abandoned agricultural land. This will lead to an increase in jobs, provide the domestic food market with high-quality domestic products and make Russia competitive in the world market of organic products.

scholarly journals Land-Cover Legacy Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Abundance in Human and Wildlife Dominated Systems in Tropical Savanna

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geofrey E. Soka ◽  
Mark E. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
National Park ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be important mutualists to plant hosts in acquiring soil nutrients. Past work has not explored whether previous land-cover history influences current AMF abundance in croplands and whether different land-cover histories in grazed but not cultivated areas influence AMF. This study was conducted to assess the effects of land-cover history in and near Serengeti National Park on AMF abundance in areas with three different land uses. The results showed that land-cover history influenced a number of soil physicochemical properties following conversion of grassland to cropland or woodland to cropland during the past 27 years. Different original land cover generally did not significantly influence current AMF abundance in croplands or livestock-grazed soils. However, livestock-grazed current grasslands that were formerly woodlands had lower AMF abundance than sites that had been grasslands since 1984. These results suggest that lower AMF abundance in livestock-grazed and cropland areas as compared to protected wildlife-grazed areas may reflect reduced total carbon inputs and higher disturbance and are not strongly influenced by the legacy of previous land cover. Given that recent studies have detected legacy effects on AMF, such effects may reflect more the impact on the taxonomic composition of AMF rather than their total abundance.

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