Evaluation of the Chemical Composition and Microcleanliness of the Steel Samples from the Heavy Forging Ingot

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167
Author(s):  
K. Michałek ◽  
M. Tkadleckova ◽  
K. Gryc ◽  
P. Machovcak
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steel Casting ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Casting And Solidification ◽  
Forging Ingot ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Ingot Cast

Abstract The paper presents new results obtained from the evaluation of the chemical composition, microcleanliness and structure of the 90-ton heavy ingot cast in two successive heats, in which the content of Cu and Ni was intentionally modified in order to assess the degree of mutual mixing of the two heats in the ingot volume during the steel casting and solidification. For determination of chemical composition, spectral analysis and LECO were used. Microcleanliness evaluation was carried out on a Hitachi microanalytical complex equipped with the energy-dispersive spectrometer Vantage. To assess the composition of oxide non-metallic inclusions ternary diagrams were used. Structure of the basic steel matrix was induced by etching. The evaluation showed that in the casting of two successive heats, a certain degree of inhomogeneity of chemical composition, especially in the lower part of the ingot can be assumed in case of different composition. A greater segregation of sulphur in the central top part of the ingot was also detected. However, microcleanliness of the entire ingot is in general very good with low proportions of non-metallic inclusions.

About the possibility of identification of articles from steels, aluminum, copper and alloys on their basis on the expanded micro-impurity elemental composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Yu. B. Sazonov ◽  
D. Yu. Ozherelkov ◽  
R. Sh. Latypov ◽  
E. E. Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Elementary Composition ◽  
Geometric Size ◽  
The Common

Possibility of determination of the fragments and articles made of different grades of steel aluminium and copper alloys and their affiliation to the common melt was examined via the methods of photoelectric spectral analysis based on composition of micro-impurities. Chemical elements with micro-impurities were revealed; they allow to determine affiliation of metal fragments to one melt. Ultimately possible deviations of micro-impurities within one melt were obtained. The technique allowing to establish affiliation of fragments to the common melt based on their elementary composition of micro-impurities with minimal amount of measurements was suggested based on the obtained results. The minimal geometric size of a sample available for analysis was determined; it allows to classify the examined fragments to one melt based on the results of investigation of expanded elementary composition of micro-impurities. Practical opportunities of this technique were displayed on the example of the alloys with different chemical composition.

scholarly journals Features of the material composition and possible technologies of pyrite cinders processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
MAKAROV Anatoly Borisovich ◽  
◽  
KHASANOVA Gul’nara Gabdulbarievna ◽  
GLUKHOV Mikhail Sergeevich ◽  
PAN’SHIN Maksim Andreevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Impurity Elements ◽  
Pyrite Cinders

Relevance of research is determined by the need to study for subsequent rational processing of technogenic mineral raw materials – pyrite cinders formed during firing pyritic concentrates for the production of sulfuric acid. Topical issues here are the determination of their chemical and mineral composition, morphology of particles, which predetermine possible technologies of their processing. Purpose of research – study of the material composition of pyrite cinders of the dumps of the Kirovgrad coppersmelting plant, features identification of the composition of different-age dumps. Methods of research. In the selected samples of pyrite cinders, their chemical composition was determined, the morphology of particles was studied by photographing them using the Philips XL-30 electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and possible processing technologies were analyzed. Results. It was found that pyrite cinder of the old dump (no. 1) is characterized by low SO3 contents and low values of losses when firing relative to dump no. 2, which is determined by the oxidation of residual pyrite, as well as CaO and higher Fe2 O3 contents. The study of the morphology of pyrite cinders microparticles showed that they have an irregular shape, globule shape and spherical size from 40 μm to 2 mm. Some known technologies of purple ore processing are considered. Conclusion. The morphology of pyrite cinders particles and their chemical composition were determined as a result of the research. Taking into account the research results and morphostructural characteristics of cinders material, in particular, it is obvious that a number of technologies can be chosen for their complex processing; at the same time this determines further directions of their research, for example, the study of valuable impurity elements in them and their behavior in the process of changing the material of the dumps.

scholarly journals Determination of platinum group elements in catalysts recycling products by SEM with energy dispersive spectrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Nikolai S. Chebykin ◽  
Ivan P. Sandalov ◽  
Dmitry A. Zamyatin ◽  
Sergey L. Votyakov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Platinum Group Elements ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Good Agreement

Analysis of platinum group elements (PGE) extracted from various catalysts used in the car, petroleum and chemical industries requires use of microanalytical methods. PGE content in the platinum powder concentrates K176 and K177 was studied by SEM-EDS. The content of main elements was determined using analytical lines Fe Kα1, Si Kα1, Sn Lα1, Pt Lα1, Re Lα1. The obtained data for the chemical composition are in good agreement with the result obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis and ICP-MS method. Powdered platinum concentrates are considered to be ferrosilicide (FeSi), where PGE are localized at the phase boundaries and in separate patches of the K176 sample, or distributed over the volume of particles in the K177 sample.

Influence of the Inclusion Type on the Threshold Value of Failure in the VHCF-Regime of High-Strength Steels

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Grad ◽  
Daniel Spriestersbach ◽  
Eberhard Kerscher
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Inclusion Type ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Metallic Inclusions

The very high cycle fatigue behaviour of high-strength steels is mostly affected by cracks which were initiated at non-metallic inclusions inside the fatigue specimens and hence under the surface. By separating the data points in the S-N-diagram by the chemical composition of the inclusion at which a crack is initiated the authors recognized that the lifetime depends strongly on the inclusion type. The authors further deduce that the chemical composition of an inclusion as well as its geometry influences the mechanism by which such an inclusion triggers crack initiation. Thus, titanium nitride and homogeneous calcium oxide inclusions have been observed to show fractures caused by the stress concentration in the inclusion. The broken inclusions then present sharp notches in the steel matrix and cause further damage from there. In contrast, aluminium calcium oxide inclusions decay or detach from the steel matrix during loading on account of a rather low interface stress. This detachment process results in holes in the steel matrix, which act as logical starting points of fatigue cracks. Both processes described above occur at different stress intensity factors and lead to failure before an ultimate number of cycles of 10^9. Furthermore, it was possible to determine threshold values of failure for each inclusion type by stressing run out specimens on a higher stress level. These threshold values are in accordance with those of specimens which failed during one-level stressing. The fatigue tests were performed with 100Cr6 in martensitic and bainitic condition. Tension/compression tests at a load ratio of R = -1 were conducted on an ultrasonic fatigue testing facility. Failures were only initiated at non-metallic inclusions. The fracture surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Determination of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys by spark atomic emission spectrometry (review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
D. N. Bock ◽  
V. A. Labusov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Line ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Dissolved Form

A review of publications regarding detection of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys using optical emission spectrometry with single-spark spectrum registration is presented. The main advantage of the method - an extremely short time of measurement (~1 min) – makes it useful for the purposes of direct production control. A spark-induced impact on a non-metallic inclusion results in a sharp increase (flashes) in the intensities of spectral lines of the elements that comprise the inclusion because their content in the metal matrix is usually rather small. The intensity distribution of the spectral line of the element obtained from several thousand of single-spark spectra consists of two parts: i) the Gaussian function corresponding to the content of the element in a dissolved form, and ii) an asymmetric additive in the region of high intensity values ??attributed to inclusions. Their quantitative determination is based on the assumption that the intensity of the spectral line in the single-spark spectrum is proportional to the content of the element in the matter ablated by the spark. Thus, according to the calibration dependence constructed using samples with a certified total element content, it is possible not only to determine the proportions of the dissolved and undissolved element, but also the dimensions of the individual inclusions. However, determination of the sizes is limited to a range of 1 – 20 µm. Moreover, only Al-containing inclusions can be determined quantitatively nowadays. Difficulties occur both with elements hardly dissolved in steels (O, Ca, Mg, S), and with the elements which exhibit rather high content in the dissolved form (Si, Mn). It is also still impossible to determine carbides and nitrides in steels using C and N lines. The use of time-resolved spectrometry can reduce the detection limits for inclusions containing Si and, possibly, Mn. The use of the internal standard in determination of the inclusions can also lower the detection limits, but may distort the results. Substitution of photomultipliers by solid-state linear radiation detectors provided development of more reliable internal standard, based on the background value in the vicinity of the spectral line. Verification of the results is difficult in the lack of standard samples of composition of the inclusions. Future studies can expand the range of inclusions to be determined by this method.

Plasma parameters in atomic-emission spectral analysis of phosphate concentrates of the fission products

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
M. I. Khamdeev ◽  
E. A. Erin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectral Analysis ◽  
Excitation Processes

Physical parameters of electric arc plasma as well as their time dependences are calculated when analyzing phosphate precipitates of the fission products of irradiated nuclear fuel. Phosphate concentrates of the fission products are known for their complex chemical composition and high thermal and chemical stability. Hence, direct atomic emission spectral analysis of phosphate powders without transferring them into solutions is advisable. Different conditions of sample preparation and synthesis of the reference materials determine the different chemical forms of the elements to be determined. This, in turn, affects the kinetics of their evaporation in the electrode crate and excitation processes in the plasma. The known mechanisms of those processes cannot always be transferred to specific conditions of the given method of analysis thus entailing the necessity of studying the effect of the samples chemical composition on the results of determination, proper choice of spectroscopic carriers, detailed study of spectra excitation processes in spectral analysis, and analysis of the physical parameters of the electric arc plasma. We used the lines Zn I 307.206 nm and Zn I 307.589 nm to measure the effective temperature of the central hot sections of the arc in a range of4500 - 6500 K. NaCl, BaCl2 and NaCl + T1C1 were studied to reduce the effect of the sample elemental composition on excitation conditions of the spectra and their stabilization as a spectroscopic carrier. In control experiments we used carrier-free samples. The coincidence of the values of the plasma physical parameters within the measurement error not exceeding 20%, as well as the identity of the nature of the kinetic curves for samples of phosphate precipitates and synthetic reference materials prove their correctness. The result of the study substantiate correctness of the direct atomic-emission spectral procedure in analysis of phosphate concentrates of fission when using synthetic reference materials.

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