The Role of Operational Factors in Shaping of Wear Properties of Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron Part II. an Assessment of the Cumulative Effect of Abrasives Processes and the Dynamic Activity on the Wear Property of Ausferritic Ductile Iron/ Rola Czynników Eksploatacyjnych W Kształtowaniu Właściwości Zużyciowych Stopowych Żeliw Sferoidalnych Ausferrytycznych Część II. Ocena Skumulowanego Działania Scierniwa I Wymuszeń Dynamicznych Na Właściwości Zużyciowe Sferoidalnych Żeliw Ausferrytycznych

Abstract The study presents results of the second part of wear tests of austempered ductile irons on a specially designed test rig that allows simulating the real operating conditions of chain wheels. The chain wheels subjected to testing were operated in conditions characterized by combined action of loose quartz abrasive and an external dynamic force. The studies involved the determination of the hardness, microstructure and linear wear of the ADIs in question considered as a function of the austempering temperature and the austenite content. Based on the results obtained, the following was observed: a decrease in the wear as a function of the austempering temperature and thus in the content of austenite in ADIs; a slight deformation of graphite after completing the wear test involving external dynamic forces; a negative linear dependence between the linear wear and the impact resistance. It was found that the increased wear of cast irons with a lower content of austenite may be caused by the propagation of cracks initiated by damage to graphite nodules, while in the conditions characterized by combined action of abrasive wear and dynamic load the cast irons with a higher content of austenite and higher impact resistance have better wear properties.

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The Role of Operational Factors in Shaping of Wear Properties of Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron Part I. Experimental Studies Abrasive Wear of Austempered Ductile Iron (Adi) in the Presence of Loose Quartz Abrasive/ Rola Czynników Eksploatacyjnych W Kształtowaniu Właściwości Zużyciowych Stopowych Żeliw Sferoidalnych Ausferrytycznych Część I. Eksperymentalne Badania Zużycia Sciernego W Obecności Lużnego Scierniwa Kwarcowego Żeliw Adi

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.2478/amm-2014-0281 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 1653-1662 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.N. Wieczorek

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Ductile Iron ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Austempered Ductile Iron ◽

Linear Wear ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Plastic Properties ◽

Austempering Temperature

Abstract The paper presents the results of the wear tests of alloyed austempered ductile iron performed on a specially designed test rig simulating real operating conditions for chain wheels which were selected for testing due to their complex rolling and sliding form of contact between elements. The chain wheels subjected to tests were operated with the use of loose quartz abrasive and without it. The studies involved the determination of strength and plastic properties, hardness distributions, microstructure and linear wear of the ADI in question considered as a function of the austempering temperature. Based on the results obtained, the following was found: phase transition of austempered ductile iron can take place for combinations typical of industrial applications, a non-linear increase in the wear as a function of the austempering temperature occurs, an increase in the hardness of all the analysed types of ADI takes place during the operation without the presence of abrasive, the phase transition of austenite into martensite in ADI with a lower content of austenite requires higher loads as compared with cast iron containing 40% of austenite.

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Influence of Shot Peening on Abrasion Wear in Real Conditions of Ni-Cu-Ausferritic Ductile Iron

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.1515/amm-2016-0320 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 1985-1990

Author(s):

A. N. Wieczorek

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Abrasive Wear ◽

Ductile Iron ◽

Shot Peening ◽

Residual Austenite ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Cast Irons ◽

Dynamic Surface ◽

The Impact

Abstract The paper presents results of the wear tests of chain wheels made of austempered ductile iron with various content of residual austenite. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of the dynamic surface treatment (shot peening) on wear properties of surface layers of the chain wheels tested that were subjected to the action of quartz abrasive. Apart from determining the value of the abrasive wear, examinations of the magnetic phase content in the microstructure were carried out and plots of hardness of the surface layer as a function of the distance from the surface and microstructure of the materials were prepared. Based on the results, the following was found: an increase in the abrasive wear and a reduction in the hardness of the surface layer of chain wheels subjected to shot peening, as well as reduction of susceptibility to negative action of the shot for cast irons with the structure of upper ausferrite.

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Comparative Studies on the Wear of ADI Alloy Cast Irons as Well as Selected Steels and Surface-Hardened Alloy Cast Steels in the Presence of Abrasive

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.1515/amm-2017-0016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. N. Wieczorek

Keyword(s):

Operating Conditions ◽

Linear Wear ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Cast Irons ◽

Hardened Alloy ◽

Cast Steels ◽

Structural Applications ◽

Alloy Steels ◽

Wear Tests ◽

Alloy Cast

AbstractThe paper presents the results of wear tests obtained for 4 groups of materials: surface-hardened alloy steels and alloy cast steels for structural applications, hard-wearing surface-hardened alloy cast steels, and austempered alloy cast irons. The wear tests have been performed on a specially designed test rig that allows reproducing the real operating conditions of chain wheels, including the rolling and sliding form of contact between elements. The chain wheels subjected to tests were operated with the use of loose quartz abrasive. This study presents results of measurements of material parameters, micro-structure of a surface subject to wear, as well as the linear wear determined for the materials considered. Based on the results, the following was found: the best wear properties were obtained for surface-hardened alloy steels and wear surface; strengthening of the ADI surface took place - most probably as a result of transformation of austenite into martensite; the uniformity of the structure of the materials affects the surface wear process. The study also indicated a significant degree of graphite deformation in ADI characterized by the upper ausferritic structure and its oblique orientation in relation to the surface, which resulted in a facilitated degradation of the surface caused by the quartz abrasive.

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Research on the Effective Rules for the Impact Toughness and Hardness of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) by Austempering Parameters

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gao Lian Shi ◽

Shao Hua Wu ◽

Xu Hong Guo ◽

Xing Huang

Keyword(s):

Impact Toughness ◽

Ductile Iron ◽

Austempered Ductile Iron ◽

Finite Element Software ◽

Hardness Tests ◽

Numerical Simulation Methods ◽

The Common ◽

Austempering Temperature ◽

The Impact ◽

Ansys Workbench

With the common engineering-purpose ductile iron used as research subject, the research on rules of austempering parameters to influence the impact toughness and hardness of austempered ductile iron (ADI) was implemented in this paper by adopting the combination of theoretical, experimental and numerical simulation methods, and setting series of austempering parameters; After the impact tests and hardness tests simulated by the finite element software - ANSYS Workbench, the simulation data were analyzed by comparing with the experimental data. The experimental results showed that: austenitizing time was longer, ADI hardness was smaller while impact toughness remained unchanged; hardness was in linearly-decreasing trend with rise of austempering temperature, while impact toughness first increased and then decreased as the austempering temperature rose, with the maximum at the temperature 350°C; The effect of austempering time on the impact toughness was very few; extension of austempering time allows the hardness to increase slightly, but only a little.

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Effect of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1085 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 284-286 ◽

pp. 1085-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jin Hai Liu ◽

Guo Lu Li ◽

Xue Bo Zhao ◽

Xiao Yan Hao ◽

Jian Jun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Impact Toughness ◽

Ductile Iron ◽

Abrasion Resistance ◽

Field Testing ◽

Austempered Ductile Iron ◽

Abrasive Resistance ◽

Microstructure And Properties ◽

Zero Rate ◽

Austempering Temperature ◽

The Impact

The microstructure and properties of austempered ductile iron with carbides was studied to increase the abrasive resistance of ADI. It was proven that the austempering temperature influences greatly the microstructure, impact toughness, hardness and abrasion resistance of CADI. With increase of austempering temperature, the acicular ferrite becomes thicker and bigger, the impact toughness rises, and the hardness decreases. But there is a complicated effect of austempering temperature on wet abrasion resistance. In addition, the CADI grinding balls were cast and the field testing was performed. The CADI ball is one third of abrasion loss of low chromium cast iron, zero rate of breakage and no loosing round.

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Hardness and Impact Toughness of Niobium Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1768 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 418-420 ◽

pp. 1768-1771 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bulan Abdullah ◽

Siti Khadijah Alias ◽

Ahmed Jaffar ◽

Rashiddy Wong Freddawati ◽

A. Ramli

Keyword(s):

Impact Toughness ◽

Ductile Iron ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Impact Test ◽

Induction Furnace ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Austempered Ductile Iron ◽

Austenitizing Temperature ◽

Austempering Temperature ◽

The Impact

The effect of different austempering holding times on the hardness and impact toughness of 0.254% niobium alloyed austempered ductile iron was investigated in this study. Molten ductile iron was prepared in an induction furnace with capacity of 60kg. Samples with dimension of 300m x Ø25mm in form of Y block double cylinder was constituted and solidified samples were then machined in accordance to ASTM E23 for impact test specimens. Samples were ground and polished before Rockwell hardness test was conducted. Austempering heat treatment process with austenitizing temperature of 900°C for 1 hour and austempering temperature of 350°C for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hour holding times were then carried out. The results from this research indicated that austempering the sample for 1 hour resulted in significant improvement of the impact toughness values but increasing the austempering holding time deficiently reduced the values. On the contrary, the hardness of niobium alloyed austempered ductile iron continues to increase with respect to longer austempering holding times.

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Wear Property of Ductile Iron Locally Reinforced with Cr-Containing Steel Inserts

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.441 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 457 ◽

pp. 441-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Celis Mayerling Martinez ◽

Nathalie Valle ◽

Jacques Lacaze ◽

Ingólfur Thorbjornsson ◽

Birgir Johannesson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ductile Iron ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Wear Property ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Sliding Motion ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Before And After ◽

The Matrix ◽

Secondary Ion

The influence on the wear properties of ductile iron with Cr-containing steel inserts has been investigated before and after austempering. The microstructure of locally reinforced ductile iron, with and without an austempering treatment, has been characterized using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The introduction of such inserts during casting leads to the precipitation of carbides M3C, M7C3 and M23C6 (M stands for Fe and/or Cr) inside the inserts and to M3C and M7C3 in the region surrounding the inserts. After austempering, a partial dissolution of these latter carbides and transformation of the matrix to ausferrite occur. The wear properties of these materials have been evaluated under reciprocating sliding motion using cylinder-on-disc line contact configuration. The results of the present investigation show a better wear behavior of the reinforced material related to the microstructural changes observed.

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Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8010053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Prabhukumar Sellamuthu ◽

D. Samuel ◽

D. Dinakaran ◽

V. Premkumar ◽

Zushu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Ductile Iron ◽

Austempered Ductile Iron ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Austempering Temperature

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The Effect of Ar+ Ion Implantation on the Impact-Abrasive Wear Property of Cu-Polyimide System

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-119-133 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. K. Koh ◽

K. D. Pae

Keyword(s):

Ion Implantation ◽

Abrasive Wear ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Wear Property ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Wear Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Cu Film ◽

Pi System ◽

The Impact

AbstractA thin Cu film(400 Å) was deposited on a smooth polyimide(PI) substrate. Ar+ ion implantation onto the Cu/PI film has been shown to mix Cu and PI and to modify the impact-abrasive wear property. Ar+ ions with energies of 200 keV, and dosage between 1015 to 4×1016 ions/cm2 were used. The surface analyses were carried out with RBS, X-ray and Optical Microscope. The wear properties of the Cu-PI system were determined by a newly constructed Impact-Abrasive Wear Tester. An X-ray diffraction study shows an increase in Cu( 111 )peak with Ar+ ion dosage. The wear property was found to be a function of ion energy, ion dosage, crystallinity of Cu, the amount of mixing of Cu and PI, and the damage of PI substrate due to ion implantation.

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