scholarly journals Complementary and Innovative Method in Genital HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Georgeta Gînfălean
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Abstract Considering actual SARS-COV 2 pandemic, the comfort and time of the female patient’ trend is to minimize the time spent in the doctor’s office, so that auto-testing is a solving problem in this context. This paper aims at the importance of self-collected urine and vaginal samples, since actual studies are showing that is a complementary method in HPV-testing and a screening method for prevention of cervical cancer. Genital HPV infection is responsible for approximately 99% of cervical cancers, and is considered a sexually transmitted disease. Given that eight out of ten patients have at least one episode of HPV infection in their lifetime, there is a need for a method of early detection of genital HPV infection. Cervical cancer is the second type of diagnosed cancer in the rank of genital cancers and the third leading cause of cancer death among the female population. In Romania, the frequency of cervical cancer and mortality caused by this type of cancer remains high. In 2018 Globocan, it was mentioned that the occurrence of cervical cancer in Romania was 8.6%, and the mortality was 19.5/10,000 women. Worldwide, the following have been implemented: primary prevention programmes (via immunization) and secondary prevention programmes – traditional cytological testing, to which co-tests have been added. In the co-testing sector, there has been found with an updated visa – the self-harvesting test, being considered a complementary and innovative method in genital HPV testing, which aims to: identify the presence of highly oncogenic HPV strains with a marked sensitivity. Self-harvesting testing aims to: signal the presence of highly oncogenic strains, extrapolation can lead to early identification of the number of cases of precancerous lesions of the cervix and implicitly of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals ThinPrep cytology combined with HPV detection in the diagnosis of cervical lesions in 1622 patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260915
Author(s):  
Sulaiya Husaiyin ◽  
Zhen Jiao ◽  
Kailibinuer Yimamu ◽  
Reyilanmu Maisaidi ◽  
Lili Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Diagnostic Values

The timely detection of precancerous lesions and early intervention can greatly reduce cervical cancer occurrence. The current study aimed to assess the diagnostic value and accuracy of different methods of cervical lesion screening. A total of 1622 females who visited the Outpatient Department of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital between January and December 2018 were consecutively enrolled. All participants underwent separate high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) DNA detection, ThinPrep cytology testing (TCT) and colposcopic biopsy. Their medical records were retrospectively analyzed. While considering biopsy outcomes as the gold standard, the diagnostic values of TCT, HR-HPV testing, and TCT+HR-HPV testing for cervical cancer screening were compared. The sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of each method were calculated. Among the different methods, TCT+HR-HPV testing had the highest sensitivity (89.8%), followed by TCT (79.9%) and HR-HPV testing (49.2%). The combined method also had the highest Youden value, and its screening outcomes exhibited the highest consistency with those of biopsy. In addition, the combined method had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which was 0.673 (0.647, 0.699), compared with any other screening method. Compared with TCT or HR-HPV testing alone, TCT+HR-HPV testing serves as a better screening method for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.

Human Papillomavirus and Pap Smear

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Indra Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
High Risk Hpv

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and viral persistence is a major risk factor in the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. In the United States, deaths due to squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix have fallen by 75% since the 1960s because of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening. However, the traditional Pap had a sensitivity of about 70% for detecting clinically significant precancerous lesions and cancer because of sampling and interpretive errors. The introduction of 2 liquid-based Pap smear collection systems in the 1990s, the use of HPV testing as a triage and co-testing with Pap smear, and the introduction of 2 automated screening devices have had a significant impact on improving the detection of such precancerous lesions. This review provides an analysis of the changes in Pap smear collection, improvements in screening, the evolutionary changes of high-risk HPV testing, reporting terminology of Pap smears, and clinical management guidelines. The future impact of 2 prophylactic HPV vaccines on the incidence of cervical carcinoma is also discussed. This article also discusses alternatives such as primary screening for high-risk HPV testing with visual inspection for cervical cancer detection used in resource-poor settings with a high incidence of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Vaccination against HPV: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Results of Cervical Cancer Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
N. V. Zarochentseva ◽  
O. I. Trushina ◽  
E. G Novikova ◽  
I. I. Baranov ◽  
P. D. Lopukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vaccination Programs

Relevance. Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be the focus of attention of oncologists all over the world due to the fact that the incidence of it over the past decades has not tended to decrease. The steady increase in morbidity, high mortality rates, and the tendency to «rejuvenate» the disease, the relatively low detection rate of the early stages of the disease due to poor results of cytological screening predetermine the search for new scientifically based approaches to solving cervical cancer problems. A promising direction for the prevention of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) is prophylactic vaccination against HPV, the need for which is due to the role of HPV infection in carcinogenesis processes.The aim of this article is to summarize the currently available data on advances in the prevention of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, primarily through vaccination against HPV infection.Conclusions. The creation of vaccines for the prevention of oncogenic HPV types is a significant achievement in the biomedical research area. The successful development of a group of vaccines, which can confidently be called the vaccines of the 21st century, gives us hope that modern medicine has the potential to reduce population cancer risk and reduce the likelihood of early onset of cervical cancer. Demonstration of the efficacy and feasibility of routine HPV vaccination programs in a number of countries demonstrates encouraging progress in solving cervical cancer problems. Vaccination against HPV will not only ensure epidemiological well-being, but also lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality from such a terrible complication of human papillomavirus infection – cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men in El Salvador: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 12s-12s ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Meléndez ◽  
Alejandra Herrera ◽  
Xavier Hernández ◽  
Bryam Rodríguez ◽  
Montserrat Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Transgender Men

Abstract 27 Purpose Transgender persons are particularly vulnerable to a lack of adequate health care, particularly with regard to sexual and reproductive health. In El Salvador, where cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, transgender men are at high risk of developing this disease. Whereas the Papanicolaou test is the most widely used screening method for cervical cancer, there are reports of high numbers of unsatisfactory results among transgender men compared with nontransgender persons. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing may be a more viable screening option in this population. In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility of cervical cancer screening among transgender men using a self-sampling HPV test as an alternative to the Papanicolaou test. Methods Participants were transgender men of the Organización Generación Hombres Trans El Salvador (Trans Men Generation Organization of El Salvador) between age 19 and 55 years. After obtaining informed consent, a questionnaire was administered to 24 participants to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle, and sexual behavior data, and to assess knowledge about cervical cancer prevention. Participants then performed a vaginal, self-sampling HPV test. Participants who received a positive HPV result were offered a colposcopy evaluation. Results Almost all participants—23 of 24—agreed to conduct vaginal self-sampling. Of these, three (13%) of 23 participants tested positive, with the remainder obtaining a negative result. Colposcopies and biopsies were accepted by all three participants who tested positive. One participant was diagnosed with CIN3, whereas two2 were diagnosed with CIN1. Conclusion There is limited information on cervical cancer prevention among transgender men, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Use of HPV self-sampling tests is a viable method that can significantly improve participation in and acceptance of screening in this vulnerable population. HPV testing may reduce the number of unsatisfactory results generated when using Papanicolaou tests as a screening method. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of additional benefits of HPV vaccination to cervical cancer screening in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rousseau ◽  
M Massetti ◽  
S Barre ◽  
H Leleu ◽  
J Gaillot-de Saintignon
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Underserved Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The National Cancer Institute (INCa) undertook the evaluation of the expected impact of HPV vaccination in the context of the recent marketing of nonavalent vaccine (Gardasil®9) and the implementation of organized screening (OS) of cervical cancer (CC) in France. Methods The study is based on a microsimulation model that replicates the natural history of CC. A cohort of 14-year-old women is generated and followed until death. Others HPV-infection related diseases (condyloma, anal cancer, penile cancer and oropharynx cancer) are not modelled. Different strategies were compared with the current vaccination coverage rate (VCR) of 21.4% (2017): impact of increased VCR alone and increased VCR combined with correction of inequalities (CI). Results are presented according to two hypotheses for the duration of protection offered by the vaccine (limited to 20 years and lifelong) and according to two hypotheses for price of the vaccine (French price and average European prices). Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was less than 15 000 euros per QALY (quality-adjusted life year) in all the assessed strategies. For each 14-year-old women cohort, 85% VCR with CI would prevent at least: 2 546 conations, 2 347 precancerous lesions CIN 2 / 3 diagnosed, 377 CCs, 139 deaths per CC (20 years vaccine protection). Scenarios based on increasing VCR with CI are the most cost-effective. Conclusions The study quantifies the increased risk of CC-related outcomes associated with current sub-optimal VCR and the possible investment to implement actions in order to improve the efficiency of the current strategies and tackle health inequalities (communication campaign, actions toward underserved women). Key messages Improving HPV vaccination uptake is a cost-effective measure, even considering only the cervical cancer prevention. Including health inequalities participation in modeling is crucial as underserved women are both less vaccinated and screened.

scholarly journals Awareness of knowledge about the problem of human papillomavirus infections and HPV vaccination in a group of female students beginning their studies at universities in Lublin

2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Gustaw Chołubek ◽  
Krzysztof Wiktor ◽  
Karolina Małek ◽  
Dorota Robak-Chołubek
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Papillomavirus Infections ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Introduction. HPV infection is one of the most common type of sexually transmitted infections and it is a significant epidemiological problem all over the world. The risk of infection persistence and its progression to pathological, precancerous lesions depends on HPV type. Vaccinations against HPV virus are one of the elements of the prophylactic program and allow for early detection of cervical cancer. Aim. Aim of the study was analysis of awareness of problems of human papillomavirus infections and cervical cancer prevention, including vaccinations against HPV among female students commencing studies in Lublin. Material and methods. The research group included 400 women selected at random, all starting their studies at five universities in Lublin. The research group was supposed to show some general knowledge of the problem of cervical cancer among young women. It was also to define how many of them benefited from the prophylaxis of getting a vaccination against HPV. The scientific tool was individually elaborated survey questionnaire. Obtained study results were then subject to statistical analysis. Results. The majority of respondents were not vaccinated against HPV – only 2.5% of the surveyed confirmed that they had been vaccinated. The surveyed students most frequently evaluated their knowledge on prevention of HPV cervical cancer as poor. The surveyed who admitted having information about HPV and cervical cancer prophylaxis during their classes at school significantly more frequently had high level of knowledge than women who claimed not to obtain such information at school (p=0.002). Conclusions. It might make sense to conduct planned comparative studies in the centers practicing population vaccinations among girls aged 12-13 and not practicing such primary prophylaxis with cytological follow-ups. It may allow to elaborate the effective model of cervical cancer prophylaxis based on early educational activities, both on primary and secondary prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Self-Sampling for HPV Testing: Increased Cervical Cancer Screening Participation and Incorporation in International Screening Programs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gupta ◽  
Christina Palmer ◽  
Elisabeth M. Bik ◽  
Juan P. Cardenas ◽  
Harold Nuñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Screening Programs

In most industrialized countries, screening programs for cervical cancer have shifted from cytology (Pap smear or ThinPrep) alone on clinician-obtained samples to the addition of screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), its main causative agent. For HPV testing, self-sampling instead of clinician-sampling has proven to be equally accurate, in particular for assays that use nucleic acid amplification techniques. In addition, HPV testing of self-collected samples in combination with a follow-up Pap smear in case of a positive result is more effective in detecting precancerous lesions than a Pap smear alone. Self-sampling for HPV testing has already been adopted by some countries, while others have started trials to evaluate its incorporation into national cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling may result in more individuals willing to participate in cervical cancer screening, because it removes many of the barriers that prevent women, especially those in low socioeconomic and minority populations, from participating in regular screening programs. Several studies have shown that the majority of women who have been underscreened but who tested HPV-positive in a self-obtained sample, will visit a clinic for follow-up diagnosis and management. Additionally, a self-collected sample can also be used for vaginal microbiome analysis, which can provide additional information about HPV infection persistence as well as vaginal health in general.

scholarly journals Self-Sampling for HPV Testing: Increased Cervical Cancer Screening Participation and Incorporation in International Screening Programs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gupta ◽  
Christina Palmer ◽  
Elisabeth M. Bik ◽  
Juan P. Cardenas ◽  
Harold Nuñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Screening Programs

In most industrialized countries, screening programs for cervical cancer have shifted from cytology (Pap smear or ThinPrep) alone on clinician-obtained samples to the addition of screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), its main causative agent. For HPV testing, self-sampling instead of clinician-sampling has proven to be equally accurate, in particular for assays that use nucleic acid amplification techniques. In addition, HPV testing of self-collected samples in combination with a follow-up Pap smear in case of a positive result is more effective in detecting precancerous lesions than a Pap smear alone. Self-sampling for HPV testing has already been adopted by some countries, while others have started trials to evaluate its incorporation into national cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling may result in more individuals willing to participate in cervical cancer screening, because it removes many of the barriers that prevent women, especially those in low socioeconomic and minority populations, from participating in regular screening programs. Several studies have shown that the majority of women who have been underscreened but who tested HPV-positive in a self-obtained sample, will visit a clinic for follow-up diagnosis and management. Additionally, a self-collected sample can also be used for vaginal microbiome analysis, which can provide additional information about HPV infection persistence as well as vaginal health in general.

scholarly journals Impact of Delaying Effective and Cost-Effective Policy Decisions: An Example From Cervical Cancer Prevention in Norway

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 238146832110710
Author(s):  
Allison Portnoy ◽  
Mari Nygård ◽  
Lill Trogstad ◽  
Jane J. Kim ◽  
Emily A. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination

Introduction. Delayed implementation of evidence-driven interventions has consequences that can be formally evaluated. In Norway, programs to prevent cervical cancer (CC)—screening and treatment of precancerous lesions and prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection—have been implemented, but each encountered delays in policy implementation. To examine the effect of these delays, we project the outcomes that would have been achieved with timely implementation of two policy changes compared with the de facto delays in implementation (in Norway). Methods. We used a multimodeling approach that combined HPV transmission and cervical carcinogenesis to estimate the health outcomes and timeline for CC elimination associated with the implementation of two CC prevention policy decisions: a multicohort vaccination program of women up to age 26 years with bivalent vaccine in 2009 compared with actual “delayed” implementation in 2016, and a switch from cytology to primary HPV-based testing in 2015 compared with “delayed” rollout in 2020. Results. Timely implementation of two policy changes compared with current Norwegian prevention policy timeline could have averted approximately 970 additional cases (range of top 10 sets: 830–1060) and accelerated the CC elimination timeline by around 4 years (from 2039 to 2035). Conclusions. If delaying implementation of effective and cost-effective interventions is being considered, the decision-making process should include quantitative analyses on the effects of delays.

Human Papillomavirus Selected Properties and Related Cervical Cancer Prevention Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2073-2086
Author(s):  
Saule Balmagambetova ◽  
Andrea Tinelli ◽  
Ospan A. Mynbaev ◽  
Arip Koyshybaev ◽  
Olzhas Urazayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs

High-risk human papillomavirus strains are widely known to be the causative agents responsible for cervical cancer development. Aggregated damage caused by papillomaviruses solely is estimated in at least 5% of all malignancies of the human body and 16% in cancers that affect the female genital area. Enhanced understanding of the complex issue on how the high extent of carcinogenicity is eventually formed due to the infection by the Papoviridae family would contribute to enhancing current prevention strategies not only towards cervical cancer, but also other HPV associated cancers. This review article is aimed at presenting the key points in two directions: the current cervical cancer prevention and related aspects of HPV behavior. Virtually all applied technologies related to HPV diagnostics and screening programs, such as HPV tests, colposcopy-based tests (VIA/VILI), conventional and liquid-based cytology, currently available are presented. Issues of availability, advantages, and drawbacks of the screening programs, as well as vaccination strategies, are also reviewed in the article based on the analyzed sources. The current point of view regarding HPV is discussed with emphasis on the most problematic aspect of the HPV family concerning the observed increasing number of highly carcinogenic types. Present trends in HPV infection diagnostics throughout the human fluids and tissues are also reported, including the latest novelties in this field, such as HPV assay/self-sample device combinations. Besides, a brief outline of the related prevention issues in Kazakhstan, the leading country of Central Asia, is presented. Kazakhstan, as one of the post-soviet middle-income countries, may serve as an example of the current situation in those terrains, concerning the implementation of globally accepted cervical cancer prevention strategies. Along with positive achievements, such as the development of a nationwide screening program, a range of drawbacks is also analyzed and discussed.

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