Technical Notes: Practical Concerns Associated with Single-Number Ratings in Measuring Sound Transmission Loss Properties of Partition Panels

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Garg ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Sagar Maji
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Significant Dependence ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Spectrum Adaptation ◽  
Lower Frequencies

Abstract The paper presents an extensive review investigating the practical aspects related to the use of single- number ratings used in describing the sound insulation performance of partition wall panels and practical complications encountered in precise measurements in extensive frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 kHz. SWOT analysis of various single number ratings is described. A laboratory investigation on a double wall partition panel combination revealed the significant dependence of STC rating on transmission loss at 125 Hz attributed to 8 dB rule. An investigation conducted on devising alternative spectrums of aircraft noise, traffic noise, vehicular horn noise and elevated metro train noise as an extension to ISO 717-1 Ctr for ascertaining the sound insulation properties of materials exclusively towards these noise sources revealed that the single-number rating Rw + Ctr calculated using ISO 717-1 Ctr gives the minimum sound insulation, when compared with Rw + Cx calculated using the alternative spectrums of aircraft noise, traffic noise, etc., which means that material provides a higher sound insulation to the other noise sources. It is also observed that spectrum adaptation term Cx calculated using the spectrum of noise sources having high sound pressure levels in lower frequencies decreases as compared to ISO 717-1 Ctr owing to significant dependence of Ctr at lower frequencies.

Untersuchung der Regelwerke für den passiven Schallschutz unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Verkehrslärmspektren – Teil 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
J. Weinzierl ◽  
W. Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Correction Term ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Protection Goal ◽  
Passive Noise ◽  
Sound Reduction ◽  
Spectrum Adaptation

In den Regelwerken zum passiven Schallschutz von Umfassungsbauteilen wird das erforderliche Schalldämm-Maß der Fassade als Einzahlwert entsprechend dem Bewertungsverfahren nach DIN EN ISO 717-1 [1] ermittelt. Um die spektrale Zusammensetzung verschiedener Lärmquellen und die frequenzabhängige Schalldämmung von Fassadenbauteilen zu berücksichtigen, werden in den einschlägigen Regelwerken Korrektursummanden bzw. Spektrum-Anpassungswerte verwendet. Im folgenden Beitrag wird der Einfluss verschiedener Außenlärmspektren und frequenz- abhängiger Schalldämm-Maße auf den Innenpegel diskutiert. Insbesondere werden die Unterschiede zwischen Holz- und Massivbauweise bezüglich des Schutzziels bzw. des Innenpegels betrachtet. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass keine generelle Differenzierung zwischen Leicht- und Massivbauweise erforderlich ist. Für hochschalldämmende Leichtbaukonstruktionen mit einem Ctr,50–5000 < –8 dB wird jedoch ein Korrekturterm für das erforderliche Fassaden-Schalldämm-Maß zur Sicherstellung des Schutzziels vorgeschlagen. &nbsp; &nbsp; Summary In the regulations for passive noise protection of surrounding components, the required sound reduction index of the facade is determined as a single value according to the assessment procedure according to DIN EN ISO 717-1 [1]. In order to take into account the spectral composition of different noise sources and the frequency-dependent sound insulation of facade components, correction summands or spectrum adaptation values are used in the relevant regulations. The following article discusses the influence of various outside noise spectra and frequency-dependent sound insulation measures on the inside level. In particular, the differences between wood and solid construction were considered with regard to the protection goal and the internal level. The investigations show that no general differentiation between lightweight and solid construction is necessary. For highly sound-insulating lightweight constructions with a Ctr, 50–5000 <-8 dB, however, a correction term for the required facade soundproofing dimension to ensure the protection goal is proposed. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF AIRBORNE SOUND INSULATION BASED ON ISO AND ASTM STANDARDS IN NATIONAL STANDARDIZATION AGENCY OF INDONESIA (BSN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Bondan Dwisetyo ◽  
Maharani Ratna Palupi ◽  
Fajar Budi Utomo ◽  
Chery Chaen Putri ◽  
Dodi Rusjadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Laboratory Measurement ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Airborne Sound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Sound Reduction ◽  
Reduction Index

<p>The implementation of laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation based on ISO and ASTM standards was carried out at SNSU BSN. The aim of this work to realize the measurement of airborne sound insulation for several sample tests, where the procedure of the test is performed according to the updated standard ISO 10140 and ASTM E90. Besides, the single number rating also is determined based on ISO 717-1 and ASTM E413. This measurement has been conducted in the two reverberation rooms using pressure method consist of measuring the sound pressure level, measuring the reverberation time, obtaining the sound reduction index (R) or sound transmission loss (STL), and determination of a single-number ratings of the samples test. From the results, some parameter requirements such as the frequency range and the rounding procedure of R or STL influence the measurement result slightly. Subsequently, the significant difference is obtained for the determination of single number rating in the shifting procedure of the reference curve.</p>

A Comparative Study of Sound Transmission Loss Provided by Glass, Acrylic and Polycarbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwaleed Awad Khidir ◽  
Zambri Harun ◽  
Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor ◽  
Muhamad Razi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Airborne Sound ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Reverberation Chambers ◽  
Sound Reduction ◽  
Reduction Index

This article presents an assessment for the airborne sound insulation provided by single glazed panels. The glazed panels were glass, acrylic and polycarbonate with a thickness of 4 mm. The experiments were conducted in a transmission loss facility consisting of semi anechoic and reverberation chambers. The panels were subjected to airborne sound and the data collected. Glass, acrylic and polycarbonate panel absorb noise most effectively above 500 Hz with the absorption peaks at 1000 Hz. The single number sound reduction index (RW) for glass, polycarbonate and acrylic were 41 dB, 38 dB and 37 dB, respectively. This could be attributed mainly to the material density which is higher for the glass. Keywords: Sound transmission loss; glazing; insulation; weighted index

Perceived Loudness of Sound Transmitted through Light Weight and Heavy Weight Walls

2013 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rychtáriková ◽  
Bert Roozen ◽  
Herbert Müllner ◽  
Mathias Stani ◽  
Vojtech Chmelík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Draft Standard ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Human Hearing

When assessing the sound insulation quality of buildings constructions, policy makers and investors typically demand for single number ratings and sound insulation classes that allow for easy ranking of building products. Converting the full frequency content of a precisely measured or calculated structure into a single number, which takes into account all aspects of the insulation performance in a balanced way, is a challenging task. The recently proposed draft standard 717 proposes to take into account also frequencies below 100 Hz. This makes the single value rating even more complicated, since the transmission spectra R (dB) of walls can be qualitatively very different above and below 100 Hz, and even more, since, particularly at low frequencies, human hearing depends not only on frequency but also on the absolute sound level. This article presents a comparison between masonry and light-weight walls with different R value, in terms of the perception of loudness of typical living room, traffic noise and machinery noise transmitted through the walls. The effect of temporal and spectral features of the presented stimuli on loudness perception is analyzed.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Road, Railway, and Aircraft Noise on Sleep: Exposure–Response Relationships from Pooled Data of Three Laboratory Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Elmenhorst ◽  
Barbara Griefahn ◽  
Vinzent Rolny ◽  
Mathias Basner
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Railway Noise ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Air, road, and railway traffic, the three major sources of traffic noise, have been reported to differently impact on annoyance. However, these findings may not be transferable to physiological reactions during sleep which are considered to decrease nighttime recovery and might mediate long-term negative health effects. Studies on awakenings from sleep indicate that railway noise, while having the least impact on annoyance, may have the most disturbing properties on sleep compared to aircraft noise. This study presents a comparison between the three major traffic modes and their probability to cause awakenings. In combining acoustical and polysomnographical data from three laboratory studies sample size and generalizability of the findings were increased. Methods: Data from three laboratory studies were pooled, conducted at two sites in Germany (German Aerospace Center, Cologne, and Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund). In total, the impact of 109,836 noise events on polysomnographically assessed awakenings was analyzed in 237 subjects using a random intercept logistic regression model. Results: The best model fit according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) included different acoustical and sleep parameters. After adjusting for these moderators results showed that the probability to wake up from equal maximum A-weighted sound pressure levels (SPL) increased in the order aircraft < road < railway noise, the awakening probability from road and railway noise being not significantly different (p = 0.988). At 70 dB SPL, it was more than 7% less probable to wake up due to aircraft noise than due to railway noise. Conclusions: The three major traffic noise sources differ in their impact on sleep. The order with which their impact increased was inversed compared to the order that was found in annoyance surveys. It is thus important to choose the correct concept for noise legislation, i.e., physiological sleep metrics in addition to noise annoyance for nighttime noise protection.

scholarly journals Analysis of the transmission loss of double-leaf panels with an equivalent spring–mass model for studs

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Yuan-Wei Li ◽  
Chao-Nan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Steel Stud ◽  
Panel Thickness ◽  
Stiffness Distribution

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the sound insulation of double-leaf panels. In practice, double-leaf panels require a stud between two surface panels. To simplify the analysis, a stud was modeled as a spring and mass. Studies have indicated that the stiffness of the equivalent spring is not a constant and varies with the frequency of sound. Therefore, a frequency-dependent stiffness curve was used to model the effect of the stud to analyze the sound insulation of a double-leaf panel. First, the sound transmission loss of a panel reported by Halliwell was used to fit the results of this study to determine the stiffness of the distribution curve. With this stiffness distribution of steel stud, some previous proposed panels are also analyzed and are compared to the experimental results in the literature. The agreement is good. Finally, the effects of parameters, such as the thickness and density of the panel, thickness of the stud and spacing of the stud, on the sound insulation of double-leaf panels were analyzed.

scholarly journals Non-Wovens as Sound Reducers

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
D. Belakova ◽  
A. Seile ◽  
S. Kukle ◽  
T. Plamus
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Frequency Range

Abstract Within the present study, the effect of hemp (40 wt%) and polyactide (60 wt%), non-woven surface density, thickness and number of fibre web layers on the sound absorption coefficient and the sound transmission loss in the frequency range from 50 to 5000 Hz is analysed. The sound insulation properties of the experimental samples have been determined, compared to the ones in practical use, and the possible use of material has been defined. Non-woven materials are ideally suited for use in acoustic insulation products because the arrangement of fibres produces a porous material structure, which leads to a greater interaction between sound waves and fibre structure. Of all the tested samples (A, B and D), the non-woven variant B exceeded the surface density of sample A by 1.22 times and 1.15 times that of sample D. By placing non-wovens one above the other in 2 layers, it is possible to increase the absorption coefficient of the material, which depending on the frequency corresponds to C, D, and E sound absorption classes. Sample A demonstrates the best sound absorption of all the three samples in the frequency range from 250 to 2000 Hz. In the test frequency range from 50 to 5000 Hz, the sound transmission loss varies from 0.76 (Sample D at 63 Hz) to 3.90 (Sample B at 5000 Hz).

scholarly journals Kajian Eksperimental Koefisien Redaman Akustik Bahan Pelapis Plat Dek Kapal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Wibowo Harso Nugroho ◽  
Nanang J.H. Purnomo ◽  
Hardi Zen ◽  
Andi Rahmadiansah
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Ship Classification ◽  
Technical Assessment

With the increasingly strict requirements of the ship classification bureau for permissible noise limits to allow passengers and crew to be more comfortable and secure a technical assessment is required to address the characteristics of the noise. A noise beyond the standard allowed in the vessel can be a problem to the ship operators. This noise problem will greatly affects the crews' comfort and passengers. One method to reduce the noise on a ship is to use sound insulation. This paper describes the method for determining the absorption coefficient α and the transmission loss (TL) through an acoustic test of a concrete insulation in the laboratory. The test was conducted by using the method of impedance tube where a speciment response measured by a microphone. In general, the properties of this insulation material remains as the main base material which is concrete. it has been found that the transmission loss value (TL) is in the range of 10 - 50 dB whereas for the base material the concrete is around 22 - 49 dB but the absorption coefficient α of the specimen material is much higher than the material of the base material especially in high frequency, which ranges from 0.15 to 0.97, whereas for concrete base materials have absorbent coefficient α ranges from 0.01 to 0.02.

scholarly journals Comparasion of prediction and measurement methods for sound insulation of lightweight partitions

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momir Prascevic ◽  
Dragan Cvetkovic ◽  
Darko Mihajlov
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Acoustic Absorption ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Acoustic Comfort

It is important to know the sound insulation of partitions in order to be able to compare different constructions, calculate acoustic comfort in apartments or noise levels from outdoor sources such as road traffic, and find engineer optimum solutions to noise problems. The use of lightweight partitions as party walls between dwellings has become common because sound insulation requirements can be achieved with low overall surface weights. However, they need greater skill to design and construct, because the overall design is much more complex. It is also more difficult to predict and measure of sound transmission loss of lightweight partitions. There are various methods for predicting and measuring sound insulation of partitions and some of them will be described in this paper. Also, this paper presents a comparison of experimental results of the sound insulation of lightweight partitions with results obtained using different theoretical models for single homogenous panels and double panels with and without acoustic absorption in the cavity between the panels.

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