Effect of Non-Genetic Factors on Standard Lactation Milk Performance Traits in Simmental Cows

AbstractThe effect of systematic and continuous environmental factors on milk performance traits over standard lactations in 2805 Simmental cows was evaluated using the general linear model. The systematic factors included the effect of farm or breeding area, calving season, year of birth, season of birth, lactation group and their interactions. The continuous factor analysed was the effect of age at first conception. The effect of farm, lactation group and calving season on standard lactation milk performance was found to be highly significant (P<0.01), excepting the effect of calving season on milk fat percent in standard lactations which showed statistical significance (P<0.05). The interactions between year and season of birth, farm and calving season, and farm and lactation group had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all performance traits studied. Age at first conception, as a continuous factor, had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk yield and milk fat percent, and a non-significant effect on milk fat yield. The model used to correct the performance traits over standard lactations for the effect of systematic factors was highly significant (P<0.01). The variance of the model accounted for 20.06 and 37.31% of the total variance of milk fat yield and milk fat percent, respectively. The resulting coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.20 for milk fat yield to 0.37 for milk fat percent.

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The effect of interaction of systematic factors on milk performance of simmental cows in standard lactation

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1201067p ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 67-75

Author(s):

M.D. Petrovic ◽

M.M. Petrovic ◽

Z. Skalicki ◽

V. Bogdanovic ◽

R. Djokovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Family Farms ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

Total Variability ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Calving Season ◽

Very High

The effect of interaction between the farm and calving season, as well as the farm and group of lactations on milk performance traits (milk yield, yield of milk fat, 4% fat corrected milk and milk fat content) was analyzed on sample of 2805 Simmental cows with total 9718 standard lactations, housed on dairy farm ?Zlatiborski suvati? on Zlatibor (578 cows and 1968 lactations), dairy farm of the Agricultural holding Dobricevo in Cuprija (964 cows and 3237 lactations) and dairy animals housed on family farms/households in the region of Kotraza (1263 cows and 4513 lactations). The significance of the effect of interaction between the farm and calving season, as well as interaction between the farm and group of lactations on all milk performance traits was very high (P<0.001), which justified their inclusion into models for assessment of the breeding value of dairy cows. The share of variance of interactions in total variance of milk performance traits in standard lactations was low (below and around 4%), which clearly indicated even more systematic factors and their interactions which influence the total variability of observed traits of milk performance of cows in standard lactations.

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The effect of the farm size on milk traits of cows

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1103951k ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 951-958 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Kucevic ◽

S. Trivunovic ◽

M. Radinovic ◽

M. Plavsic ◽

Z. Skalicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Farm Size ◽

Small Farms ◽

Milk Traits ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Large Farms

Objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the dairy farm on milk traits of cows in Vojvodina. The research was carried out on small farms with 10 to 20 cows, medium farms with 20 to 50 cows, and large farms with over 50 dairy cows. The study included registered animals of Simmental (SM) and Holstein-Friesian breed (HF; including Red Holstein) in the first lactation for traits of milk yield and yield and content of milk fat. Total of 1323 first lactations were analyzed. The average milk yield (both breeds) in the first lactation of 305 days was 6295 kg of milk with 234,3 kg of milk fat and average milk fat content of 3,74%. Milk performance of cows varied significantly (CV=22,9% and SD=1447,8), as well as milk fat yield (CV=21,6% and SD=50,8). Large farms produced in average 6534 kg of milk, medium farms 6347kg and small farms 4717kg. Size of the farm exhibited significantly high effect on all observed traits, and the tendency was that farms with higher number of animals realize also higher average of production. Farm management and various breeding-zootechnical conditions present on farms had significant effect on milk performance of cows.

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Relationship between the insertion/deletion polymorphism within the promoter and the intron 1 sequence of the PRNP gene and milk performance traits in cattle

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1436-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Strychalski ◽

U. Czarnik ◽

M. Pierzchała ◽

C.S. Pareek

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Prnp Gene ◽

Promoter Sequence ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Indel Polymorphism ◽

Genomic Location ◽

Intron 1 ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Milk Performance

Current studies on the prion protein (PRNP) gene polymorphism focus primarily on the causative mutations that influence BSE susceptibility in cattle. The specific genetic structure determined by the insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism within the 23 bp promoter sequence and the 12 bp intron 1 sequence of the PRNP gene, and its genomic location suggest that this polymorphism can be a potential QTL marker. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the indel polymorphism within the promoter sequence (23 bp) and the intron 1 sequence (12 bp) of the PRNP gene can be used as a factor differentiating the values of milk performance traits. The experimental materials comprised 285 primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, daughters of two dihybrid (23ins-12ins/23del-12del) sires (progeny of sire 1 – 149 cows, progeny of sire 2 – 136 cows). The following milk performance traits were analysed: milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, fat and protein contents of milk during the first 305-day lactation. The polymorphism in the promoter region (23 bp) was found to have a significant (P = 0.040) effect on protein yield and a highly significant (P = 0.007) effect on the protein content of milk. The highest values of these traits were noted in 23 ins/del heterozygotes and the lowest in 23 del/del homozygotes. There was an interrelation between diplotype variants and the concentrations of milk components. The protein content of milk was highly significantly (P = 0.007) higher in 23ins-12ins/23del-12del heterozygotes and significantly (P = 0.028) higher in 23ins-12ins/23ins-12ins homozygotes, compared to 23del-12ins/23del-12del cows. 23ins-12ins/23del-12del heterozygotes were also characterized by a significantly (P = 0.046) higher fat content of milk, in comparison with 23del-12del/23del-12del homozygotes.

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Schätzung genetischer Parameter für Testtagsergebnisse von Milchleistungsmerkmalen bei Bunten Deutschen Edelziegen

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-47-193-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 193-202

Author(s):

D. Bömkes ◽

H. Hamann ◽

O. Distl

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Milk Performance

Abstract. Title of the paper: Estimation of genetic parameters for test day records of milk performance traits in German Improved Fawn The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for milk performance traits of German Improved Fawn by using univariate und multivariate animal models. The analysis was based on 27,778 test day records of 1,848 German Improved Fawn with 3,574 lactation records distributed over 229 flocks in Lower Saxony, Saxony and Baden-Wuerttemberg. Milk records were sampled between 1988 and 2002. The animals in our analysis were the progeny of 455 sires and 1.148 does. Heritabilities estimated with a multivariate test day model with fixed regression were h2 = 0.19, 0.16 and 0.15 for milk, fat and protein yield. For fat and protein content and Somatic Cell Score (SCS) heritabilities were h2 = 0.17, 0.14 and 0.16, respectively. The additive genetic correlations between milk yield and fat as well as protein yield of German Improved Fawn were very high and positive (rg = 0.84 and rg = 0.77). Milk yield and milk contents were genetically negative correlated with rg = −0.28 for fat and rg = −0.22 for protein content. A moderate additive genetic correlation (rg = 0.48) between fat and protein content was estimated. There were no considerable additive genetic correlations between fat yield and protein content as well as between fat content and protein yield (rg = 0.05 and rg = 0.09). Additive genetic correlations between milk, fat or protein yield and SCS were high and negative, whereas additive genetic correlations between fat or protein content and SCS were low and positive. The genetic parameters estimated from field test records allow to achieve genetic progress in milk performance traits of German Improved Fawn.

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UTICAJ ODGAJIVAČKOG PODRUČJA, GODINE ROĐENJA I SEZONE TELENJA NA PROIZVODNJU MLEKA I MLEČNE MASATI U STANDARDNIM LAKTACIJAMA KOD KRAVA SIMENTALSKE RASE

Zbornik radova ◽

10.46793/sbt26.211p ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Milun Petrovic ◽

◽

Vladan Bogdanovic ◽

Snežana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic ◽

Simeon Rakonjac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Model Analysis ◽

Breeding Area ◽

Applied Model ◽

Calving Season

The analysis of impact that breeding area, year of birth, calving season and interaction between breeding area and calving season have on milk and milk fat production in full lactations was performed in 241 Simmental cows, with 897 lactations born in period from 1998 to 2007 and distributed into three breeding areas (Čačak, Zlatibor and Rudno). According to applied model, analysis of the influence of paragenetic factors, imapct of breeding area and interaction of breeding area and calving season on the production of milk and milk fat in full lactation was very significant (P<0.01). The year of birth did not significantly impact (P>0.05) the production of milk and milk fat, while the calving season significantly impacted (P<0.05) the production of milk and insignificantly (P>0.05) the production of milk fat in full lactation. Coefficients of determination were very significant (P<0.01) and ranged from 0.431 (43.1%) in milk fat production to 0.500 (50%) in milk production.

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Association between leptin combined genotypes and milk performance traits of Polish Black-and-White cows

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-48-547-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 547-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Kulig

Keyword(s):

Milk Protein ◽

Fat Content ◽

Black And White ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Combined Genotypes ◽

Fat Yield

Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate the relations between the leptin combined genotypes versus milk performance traits (yields of milk, protein, and fat, as well as protein and fat content). The investigation was performed on 860 Black-and-White cows with a different share of the of Holstein-Friesian genes, kept in Pomerania. Frequencies of the LEP-C3100T/Sau3AI genotypes were: CC/AA – 0. 315, CT/AA – 0.272 and CC/AB – 0.142. The frequencies of the remaining genotypes did not exceed 0.100. Statistically significant (P≤0.01) relation between the leptin combined genotypes (LEP-C3100T/Sau3AI) and milk, protein, and fat yield were observed. These traits were significantly higher in the CC/BB genotype cows.

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Polymorphism of CSN3, Pit-1, LGB and its impact on milk performance traits at the Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breed

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856010131 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

Ivan Manga ◽

Jan Říha ◽

Irena Vrtková

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Single Gene ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Milk Performance

The effect of known CSN3, Pit-1 and LGB genes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on milk performance traits (milk yield, protein, fat and lactose content, count of somatic cells) at the Czech Fleckvieh and the Holstein cattle breed was estimated. For more exact results, tested cows of each breed came from one source, and were selected into two groups according to their lactation. We tested around 100 animals at the first and 25 at the high (more than five) lactation of both breeds. Our attention was aimed particularly on combined genotypes of favourable alleles. We confirmed the positive tendention of the cheese yield valuable CSN3/BB with Pit-1/AA combined genotype for high milk production. By estimation of single gene effect, we found out significant association (P ≤ 0.01) between milk yield (kg) and Pit-1 genotypes at Holstein cows with the high lactation. This dependence was observed at the Czech Fleckvieh breed too, even it didn’t get conclusive value. Among all tested individuals, CSN3 genotypes significantly influenced milk yield (AA > BB, P ≤ 0.01), milk fat (BB > AA, P ≤ 0.01) and protein content (BB > AA, P ≤ 0.01). The genotypes AB and BB of the LGB gene at Holstein cows were joined with higher milk yield in selected cattle groups opposite to AA genotype (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05). The influence of LGB on the somatic cell count in created cattle groups was not confirmed. Estimation of allele and genotype frequency according to lactation stage didn’t reveal higher differences at non of tested genes in both breeds.

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The influence of genetic β-lactoglobulin polymorphism on the quantity and quality of milk of the Simmental breed in Serbia

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2101263n ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 263-270

Author(s):

Dragan Niksic ◽

Vlada Pantelic ◽

Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽

Dragan Stanojevic ◽

Nikola Delic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Point Of View ◽

Great Economic Importance ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Quality Of Milk ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

The study of the link between genes controlling protein polymorphism and milk performance traits of domestic animals has great economic importance from a selection point of view, as it reduces the generation interval, leading to increased productivity in livestock. The objective of this paper was to establish the influence of genetic ? -lactoglobulin polymorphism on the quantity and quality of milk of the simmental breed in Serbi?. For the research blood samples were taken from a total of 157 Simmental cows. The genotypes of Simmental cows for ?-lactoblobulin and their effect on quantitative milk performance traits were determined using the PCR-RFLP analysis. The variability of traits influenced by the genetic polymorphism of ?-lactoblobulin was statistically very highly significant (p <0.0001) for milk yield in standard lactation and milk fat and protein yields, while it showed no statistically significant variability (p> 0.05) for content of milk fat and protein. The genotype cows achieved a 121 kg and 338 kg increase in milk production compared to the BB genotype and AA genotype cows, respectively.

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The influence of age at first fertilization on some reproductive and performance traits of Simmental cows in first three lactations

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0202017p ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (1-2) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Predrag Perisic ◽

Zlatko Skalicki ◽

Milan Petrovic

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Negative Deviation ◽

Method Of Least Squares ◽

Service Period ◽

Performance Traits ◽

General Average ◽

And Performance ◽

Effect Of Age

Certain reproductive and performance traits of Simmental cows, as well as the demonstration of those traits depending on the effect of age at first fertilization, were investigated. The investigation included 606 cows, divided according to age at first fertilization, in 10 groups (one month difference among groups). Statistical analysis of data was done by method of Least squares (LSMLMW, Harvey, 1989), the model with fixed influence of factors on observed traits was applied. Established results have shown that the age of head of cattle at first fertilization had highly significant effect (P<0,01) on the occurrence of deviation from the general average in the first service period and also on the weight of calves at first calving. At the second and third calving, the deviations from the general average in investigated reproductive traits were within the limits of random. In regard to the demonstration of performance traits, the effect of age at first fertilization was most expressive in first lactation. The greatest negative deviation from the general average in milk yield and yield of milk fat, were established in first calving cows which were the youngest at fertilization-calving. The increase of age at first fertilization induced the less negative deviations from the general average. In the second and third lactation, deviation from the general average depending on the age at first fertilization, expressed the same trend, but within the limits of random deviations (P>0,05).

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The effect of systematic factors on milk yield in Simmental cows over complete lactations

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0902061p ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (1-2) ◽

pp. 61-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.D. Petrovic ◽

Z. Skalicki ◽

M.M. Petrovic ◽

V. Bogdanovic

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Fat Content ◽

Season Of Birth ◽

Production Traits ◽

Group Interactions ◽

Calving Season ◽

Lactation Duration ◽

Agricultural Farm

The effect of systematic factors on production traits over complete lactations was investigated in 2,805 Simmental cows born in 1982 and onwards. The cows were housed at three farms in different areas: at the Zlatiborski Suvati dairy farm, Zlatibor, at the Dobricevo Agricultural Farm, Cuprija and at private farms in the region of Kotraze. The systematic factors (farm, calving season, lactation groups, group (year x season of birth), farm x calving season and farm x lactation group interactions) and age at first conception had statistically highly significant (P<0.001) effects on all complete lactation traits, with the exception of the effect of calving season on complete lactation duration (P<0.05) and milk-fat content (P>0.05). No statistically significant effect was produced by age at first conception on complete lactation duration and milk-fat content (P>0.05). Determination coefficients ranged from 0.100 in complete lactation duration to 0.361 in milk-fat content. .

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