The Effects of Tillage and Fertilizers on Growth Characteristics of Kabuli Chickpea Under Mediterranean Conditions

AbstractMediterranean semi-arid region is sensitive to physical, chemical and biological soil disturbances related to intensive tillage. Presented field experiment was conducted at Razan district, Hamedan, located in central west zone, Iran during the 2017–2018 growing season. It dealt with the effects of different tillage methods and treatments on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of spring Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated condition. Effects of two tillage methods – inversion tillage (mouldboard ploughing – T1) and non-inversion tillage (chisel ploughing – T2) – in combination with five different fertilization treatments (C: complete fertilizer; 20FYM: 20 Mg·ha−1 farmyard manure; 40FYM: 40 Mg·ha−1 farmyard manure; NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at 2-1-1 ratio; 0: no fertilizer for the control purposes) were studied. The experiment was carried out in split block design with three replications. Results showed that application of 40FYM under T1 condition significantly decreased the number of days to seedling emergence. The highest number of days to flowering was recorded for plants cultivated with inorganic fertilization and reduced tillage. Application of large amounts of FYM significantly increased the ground cover and canopy width for both tillage methods. The highest number of secondary branches was recorded for combination 40FYM – T1, which was followed by C – T2. The pod number per plant was considerably sensitive to different combination of treatments and the best results were recorded for combinations 40FYM – T2; 20FYM – T2; and 40FYM – T1. A similar trend was also recorded for the total dry matter. The heaviest seeds were observed in cases with the application of high levels of FYM. The highest seed yield was observed for plants cultivated using 40FYM – T2. Furthermore, the highest harvest index was recorded for 40FYM – T2, and C – T2. The results indicate that non-inversion tillage together with high-level FYM application can significantly affect the yield levels.

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Response of potato clones to planting dates in Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v3i2.32503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 175-183

Author(s):

Saroj Adhikari ◽

Arvind Kumar Srivastava ◽

Mohadutta Sharma ◽

Arjun Kumar Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Potato Production ◽

Tuber Number ◽

Research Station ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Large Size ◽

Two Factors ◽

Size Tuber

A field trial was conducted to optimize the planting date and appropriate clone for ware potato production at Horticulture Research Station, Malepatan, Pokhara from October 2015 to March 2016. The trial was laid out in two factors Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. There were nine treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised of three dates of planting (30th October, 14th and 29th November) and three potato clones (Janakdev, Lbr 40 and PRP 266264.1). The results showed that the main effects of planting dates and potato clones significantly (P<0.05) affected most growth, yield and yield attributing parameters of the crop. Interaction effect of planting dates and potato clones also significantly influenced the number of above-ground stems per plant, ground cover percentage, number of tubers per plant, number and weight of small size tuber (<25 g), weight of medium or seed size (25-50 g) tuber and large size (>50 g) tuber, number and yield of tubers per plot, and yield t/ha. The highest yield (37.05 t/ha) was obtained from 14th November planting. The clone Lbr 40 produced a higher yield (36.05t/ha). The clone PRP 266264.1 planting on 30th October planting produced significantly a higher yield (41.34t/ha). The clone Lbr 40 produced significantly highest number and weight of large size (>50 g) tuber. Number of small size (<25 g) tuber per plot or unmarketable tuber significantly increased on delayed planting.

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GREEN FERTILIZATION WITH RESIDUES OF LEGUMINOUS TREES FOR CULTIVATING MAIZE IN DEGRADED SOIL

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n401rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 798-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco Ronaldo Alves de Oliveira ◽

Henrique Antunes de Souza ◽

Marco Antônio Rosa de Carvalho ◽

Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Degraded Soil ◽

Leguminous Trees ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Growth And Nutrition ◽

Ammonium N ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of parts of leguminous trees on the growth and nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.), as well as on the chemical attributes of a degraded soil, 65 days after applying the residues. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a randomized block design with ten treatments and four replicates. The evaluated treatments were: T1 - No residues of leguminous trees, T2 - Leaves of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T3 - Branches of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T4 - Leaves + branches of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T5 - Leaves of Mimosa hostilis, T6 - Branches of Mimosa hostilis, T7 - Leaves + branches of Mimosa hostilis, T8 - Leaves of Gliricidia sepium, T9 - Branches of Gliricidia sepium and T10 - Leaves + branches of Gliricidia sepium. Pots were filled with soil from a degraded area and residues were added in the form of green mass after sowing the maize. Residues of leguminous trees positively influenced maize growth at 65 days after application and favored the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots. Green fertilizers improved soil chemical attributes at 65 days after application, especially nitrate-N (NO3 --N), ammonium-N (NH4 +-N), total inorganic N (NO3 --N + NH4 +-N) and K, demonstrating that these species are good options for recovering degraded areas in the semi-arid region of Ceará.

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Effect of Different Levels of Fertilizers on Productivity and Nutrient Dynamics of Browntop Millet

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2430368 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 308-320

Author(s):

K. V. Anitha ◽

T. Chikkaramappa ◽

P. K. Basavaraja ◽

N. B. Prakash ◽

K. Murali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Dry Zone ◽

Absolute Control ◽

Micronutrient Availability

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Baljigapade, Chikkaballapur taluk and district, which comes under the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka during Kharif season 2018. The experimental plot in the field was laid out following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with fourteen treatments and three replications. The treatments included two levels of N and P2O5 (20 and 30 kg ha-1) and three levels of K2O (10,20 and 30 kg ha-1). Farmyard manure was applied at the rate of 6.25 t ha-1 to all the treatments except absolute control. Results indicated that application of 30 kg N+30 kg P2O5+30 kg K2O ha-1 with Farm Yard Manure (FYM) increased the micronutrient availability in soil N (150.29 kg ha-1), P2O5 (17.60 kg ha-1), K2O (160.84 kg ha-1). Application of FYM @ 6.25 t ha-1+30 kg N+20 kg P2O5 +20 kg K2O ha-1 significantly increased growth, yield, macronutrient content and uptake by brown top millet grain and straw against absolute control. The grain yield of browntop millet was increased by 61.46 percent in T10 and 59.07 percent in T9 as compared to the absolute control.

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RESPOSTA DA CULTURA DO RABANETE SOB CULTIVO ORGÂNICO AOS FATORES DE PRODUÇÃO ÁGUA E COBERTURA DO SOLO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v26n1p42-54 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 42-54

Author(s):

Antonio Vanklane de Almeida ◽

Alexsandro Oliveira Silva ◽

Jenyffer da Silva Gomes Santos ◽

Janiquelle da Silva Rabello ◽

Valsergio Barros da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Organic Cultivation ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

E Mail

RESPOSTA DA CULTURA DO RABANETE SOB CULTIVO ORGÂNICO AOS FATORES DE PRODUÇÃO ÁGUA E COBERTURA DO SOLO ANTONIO VANKLANE DE ALMEIDA1; ALEXSANDRO OLIVEIRA DA SILVA1; JENYFFER DA SILVA GOMES SANTOS2; JANIQUELLE DA SILVA RABELO3; VALSERGIO BARROS DA SILVA1 E ALFREDO MENDONÇA DE SOUSA1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC, Av. Mr. Hull, s/n, Pici, CEP:60356-001, bloco 804, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 13083-875, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC, Av. Mr. Hull, s/n, Pici, CEP:60356-001, bloco 805, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO Em regiões com limitações de recursos hídricos, como semiárido cearense, o uso eficiente da água torna-se a cada dia imprescindível para a produção de hortaliças irrigadas nestas regiões. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a avaliação técnica e econômica do efeito dos fatores de produção água e níveis de cobertura do solo da bagana de carnaúba sobre a produtividade da cultura do rabanete. A pesquisa foi conduzida no período de junho a agosto de 2018 em dois ciclos de produção em área pertencente ao Prece (Programa de Educação em Células Cooperativas), localizado no município de Pentecoste-CE. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco lâminas de irrigação (50%; 75%; 100%; 125% e 150% da evapotranspiração das culturas localizada, ETcloc) e cinco diferentes níveis de cobertura morta constituída de bagana de carnaúba: 25%; 50%; 75% e 100% além da testemunha com o solo sem cobertura 0%, totalizando 100 parcelas experimentais. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a bagana de carnaúba apresentou potencial para utilização como cobertura morta no cultivo de rabanete, proporcionando incremento no rendimento da cultura em condições de estratégia de irrigação com déficit para o uso de 16 t ha-1 de cobertura morta. A cultura rabanete responde de forma crescente às diferentes lâminas de irrigação até a ETcloc de 100%, podendo-se obter ganhos econômicos quando associadas à utilização de cobertura morta no solo. Palavras-chave: Cobertura do solo. Manejo da irrigação. Função de produção. Raphanus sativus L. ALMEIDA, A. V.; SILVA, A. O.; SANTOS, J. S. G.; RABELO, J. R.; SILVA, V. B.; SOUSA, A. M. RESPONSE OF RABANET CULTURE UNDER ORGANIC CULTIVATION TO PRODUCTION FACTORS WATER AND SOIL COVERAGE 2 ABSTRACT In regions with limited water resources, such as the semi-arid region of Ceará, the efficient use of water becomes indispensable every day for the production of irrigated vegetables in this region. In this sense, this research had as objective the technical and economic evaluation of the effect of the factors of production water and levels of the cover of the soil of the bagana on the productivity of the radish culture. The research was conducted in the period from June to August 2018 in two production cycles in area belonging to Prece (Cooperative Cell Education Program), located in the municipality of Pentecoste-CE. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depth (50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of crop localized evapotranspiration, ET cloc) and five levels of ground cover consisting of carnauba bagana: 25%; 50%; 75% and 100% beyond the control with the soil without 0% coverage, totalizing 100 experimental units. The results allowed to conclude that the carnauba bagana presented potential for use as ground cover in the cultivation of radish, providing an increase in the yield of the crop under conditions of deficit irrigation strategy to use 16 t ha-1 of ground cover. The radish crop significantly responds to the different irrigation depth, up to 100% ET cloc, and economics gains can be obtained when associated with the use of ground cover in soil. Keywords: Soil cover. Irrigation management. Production function. Raphanus sativus L.

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Perennial Peanut Establishment and Potential Environmental Benefits to Citrus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.664e ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 664e-664

Author(s):

Robert E. Rouse ◽

J. Jeffrey Mullahey

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Block Design ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Citrus Grove ◽

Arachis Glabrata ◽

High Level ◽

Common Bermudagrass

A 2-year establishment study of perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) planted in row middles of a 1-year-old citrus grove was initiated in southwest Florida. The effect of herbicide and fertilizer treatment combinations on perennial peanut density was measured. Treatments were Fluazifop-p-butyl (Fusilade 2000 1E) herbicide, K-Mag fertilizer, Fluazifop-p-butyl + K-Mag + N, and a nontreated control. Four replications were arranged in a randomized complete-block design. After 2 years, there were no significant differences in plant density between treatments (96% cover) and the control (89% cover). Applications of Fluazifop-p-butyl in years one and two were effective in controlling grassy weeds such as common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers]. In this experiment. initiated 1 year after planting, perennial peanut without inputs (herbicide, fertilizer) was able to suppress common bermudagrass and to obtain a high level (89%) ground cover in 3 years (1991–94).

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Rice and wheat production in Pakistan with Effective Microorganisms

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300007980 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 30-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Tahir Hussain ◽

T. Javaid ◽

J.F. Parr ◽

G. Jilani ◽

M.A. Haq

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Cropping System ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Yield And Quality

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the use of soil microbial inoculants as an alternative biological approach to a) improve soil quality, b) enhance the growth, yield and quality of crops, and c) reduce the inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture worldwide. One such product that has received considerable attention, is Effective Microorganisms or EM; it consists of mixed cultures of beneficial microorganisms. A long-term field experiment was conducted at Faisalabad, Pakistan to determine the agronomic and economic merits of EM in a rice-wheat cropping system. Treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design that included: control (untreated); recommended chemical fertilizer (NPK); green manure (GM); farmyard manure (FYM); Effective Microorganisms (EM) alone; NPK + EM; GM + EM; and FYM + EM. Significantly higher grain and straw yields for both crops were obtained with NPK alone, with other treatments in the following order: NPK > GM > FYM > EM. However, when fertilizer and organic amendments were combined with EM, higher grain and straw yields were obtained for each crop following the same order, i.e., NPK+EM > GM+EM > FYM+EM. The GM+EM treatment produced grain and straw yields for each crop that approached those for NPK alone. In all cases, the grain and straw yields from EM alone were higher than the controls. With few exceptions, EM applied in combination with NPK, GM and FYM caused a significant increase in nutrient uptake by the grain and straw of each crop. The uptake of NPK by both crops was higher for EM alone than for the controls. A comparative economic analysis of the treatments showed a significantly higher net return due to EM. The average net profit from rice and wheat production using EM was $44.90 ha−1 and $62.35 ha−1, respectively. The study indicates that EM can enhance maximum economic yields in a rice-wheat rotation and also improve soil productivity when applied with organic amendments.

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The Effects of Compost and Farmyard Manures on the Growth, Yield and Yield Parameters of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2018/v1i2595 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

I. Audu ◽

Z. Bello ◽

J. B. Abakura

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Group ◽

Capsicum Annum ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Randomized Block Design

Field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 raining season in the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State. The experiment was designed to study the effect of compost and farmyard manure on growth yield and yield parameters of sweet pepper (capsicum annum L.) in Yola, Adamawa state. Eight purposes of study, eight research questions and two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The research was an experimental design with three treatments and three replicate. Factorial application of 6 kg of each manure was used for 2500 m2 (0.25 ha) after two weeks of transplanting except in the case of control group which is 0 kg application. All data collected were measured and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) appropriate to complete randomized block design (RCBD). The result shows that there was significant effect of farmyard manure in the growth and yield parameters of sweet pepper such as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and stem girth at two, four and six weeks after transplanting (WAT) and number of fruits, length of fruits, diameter of fruits and fruits weight at one, two, and three weeks of harvest with regard to the effect of compost manure, which shows least significant different in the growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in Adamawa state.

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Influence of organic manures and biofortification of selenium on growth, yieldand selenium contentof cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH ◽

10.47815/apsr.2021.10035 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-92

Author(s):

S FOWMINA

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Organic Manures

Field experiment was conducted to study the influence of organic manures and biofortification of selenium on growth, yield and selenium contentof cucumber (CucumissativusL.) during 2019 at Koneripalayam village in Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu. The popular variety Green Long suitable for this region was used for the present study. The experiment was carried out during two seasonsviz., Season I (February-May) and Season II (July-October)in randomised block design with fifteen treatments and three replications. The results of the experiment revealed that application of 25 tFYM ha -1 and 2 kg CBF ha -1 along with foliar application of Se (20 µg L-1) significantly recorded the highest vine length (209.1 cm and 214.6 cm), number of leaves (108.2 and 113.7), leaf length (15.7 cm and 15.9 cm) and leaf breadth (16.2 cm and 16.5 cm) in first and second season, respectively. The highest number of fruits per vine (13.3 and 16.5), fruit length (19.6 cm and 20.8 cm), fruit girth (17.1 cm and 18.2 cm), mean single fruit weight (78.1 g and 81.2 g), fruit yield vine-1 (723.5 g and 1009.2 g)and selenium content per fruit (8.1 µg kg-1 and 10.6 µg kg-1) in first and second season respectively was obtained with1 t EM ha -1 + 2 kg CBF ha -1 + Se (20 µg L-1) as foliar application. Among all the organic manures, farmyard manure was proved to be superior in respect of growth parameters and enriched manure in respect of yield parameters. The foliar application of selenium was found to be the best method of its supplementation in plants and relatively higher values of Se content in fruits were noted with higher dose of Se as folior application.

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Effect of Integration of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nitrogen on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize (Zea mays L.)

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11849 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sagar Kafle ◽

P. K. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Micronutrient Uptake ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

A field study was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University during kharif 2013 to evaluate the effect of organicand inorganic sources of nitrogen on maize. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications comprising three farmyardmanure levels (0, 15 and 20 t/ha) in main-plots and five nitrogen levels 0, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of recommended dose (125 kg/ha) throughinorganic fertilizer in sub-plots. Plant growth and yield characters and nutrient content as well as uptake were recorded. Number of leaves, leafarea index, chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen content at periodic intervals increased significantly with the application of farmyard manureand nitrogen. Increase in nutrient uptake viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake along with micronutrient uptake by grain was alsoobserved with incremental farmyard manure and nitrogen levels. Growth variables were correlated positively with each other and with grainyield. A fairly negative correlation was observed between micronutrient content and growth and yield variables.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11849 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 31-37

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Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.9438 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

A. C. Shivran ◽

N. L. Jat ◽

Dhirendra Singh ◽

S. S. Rajput ◽

G. K. Mittal

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Integrated Nutrient Management ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Loamy Sand Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2007-08 to 2009-10 at Jobner, India on loamy sand soil to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, productivity and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). The experiment consisted of fourteen combinations of integrated nutrient management practices for application of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) to fenugreek i.e., 40 kg/ha, through different sources, viz., control, inorganic or organic [farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), vermicompost (VC) and neem cake (NC)] alone or in combinations was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Based on three years of study the results revealed that application of all nutrient management treatments through organic and inorganic sources alone or in combination brought significant effect on growth, yield and economics of fenugreek. Further the results revealed that integration of 50% RDN through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through inorganic source to fenugreek recorded higher plant height, branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield (1781 kg/ha), stover yield (3392 kg/ha), biological yield (5173 kg/ha) and net returns (Rs. 52151/ha). However, maximum benefit cost ratio was fetched with application of 100% RDN through inorganic source.

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