scholarly journals The Effect of Crop Residue Percentages and Their Chopped Size on Soil Compactibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Gholamhussein Shahgholi ◽  
Abdolmajid Moinfar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Capacity Improvement

Abstract The advancement of technology and increasing use of mechanization in agriculture, as well as increasing size of agricultural machinery for farm capacity improvement, have led to soil compaction. In developed countries, various reports of the soil compaction impacts on the reduction of agricultural products have been provided. In developing countries, soil compaction represents a less-known issue and a its destructive nature in agriculture has not been sufficiently addressed. Furthermore, in developed countries, the soil is rich in organic matter due to conservation tillage; however, in Iran, conservation tillage is not possible to perform because of traditional agriculture and using old agricultural machinery. Therefore, plant residues are either removed from fields, or burned. However, sufficient content of organic matter in field can contribute to soil compaction mitigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of percentage of crop residues and their size on soil compaction at different soil moisture contents. For these purposes, five different soil moisture contents (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16% based on dry soil weight) and 4 residue rates at 3 fragmentation sizes were observed in terms of soil compaction. At all different soil moisture contents and residue sizes, with increasing percentage of added straw to the soil, the soil displacement increased. Moreover, as the straw size increased, the initial displacement during compression decreased, e.g., the maximum displacements for straw percentage of 12% and soil moisture of 8% were 64, 62 and 60 mm considering the straw sizes of 1, 2.5 and 5 cm, respectively. With high residue percentage, the final soil density and soil compaction were lower due to the low specific density of straw relative to soil. Furthermore, with high percentage of straw, more deformations and displacements were occurred in the mixture due to large deformation of straws. The density changes of soil-straw mixture were more significant at high residue percentages.

scholarly journals Influence of summer crop residues on 15N present in organic matter fractions under two lowland soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Schultz Pollet ◽  
Leandro Souza da Silva ◽  
Bruno Chaves ◽  
Lethícia Rosa Neto ◽  
Mariana Ferneda Dossin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Losses ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

ABSTRACT: The state of Rio Grande do Sul has about 20% of the total area as lowland soils, suitable for flooded rice (Oryza sativa). In order to mitigate damage caused by rice monoculture, new crops such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and soybean (Glycine max) have been cultivated in these areas. With different qualities of crop residues, it is expected a change in soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and consequently, nitrogen (N) availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of rice, soybean and sorghum crop residues on the N present in physical fractions of SOM of two lowland soils, using labeled 15N technique, under incubation for 180 days in aerobic condition and more 180 days in anaerobic condition. At 30, 180 and 360 days of incubation the remaining N of the plant residues and N destination from the residues in both soils were quantified in the physical fractions of SOM >250 μm, 250-53 μm and <53 μm. The soil with higher amount of clay+silt received a larger quantity of 15N from residues, while flooding of the soil after 180 days caused a loss of N added to the soil by the soybean and sorghum residues. In general, larger amounts of 15N were reported in the fraction <53 μm, associated with clay minerals, throughout the incubation period. These N losses should be considered in N fertilization for the following crops in rotation with flooded rice.

scholarly journals Implikasi Pemberian Lubang Resapan Biopori Terhadap Laju Infiltrasi Pada Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Nurul Syahputri Sulaiman ◽  
Devianti Devianti ◽  
Syahrul Syahrul
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Level Recorder ◽  
Water Level Recorder

Abstrak. Laju infiltrasi dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fisik tanah seperti tekstur dan kandungan bahan organik serta vegetasi yang berada pada permukaan tanah yang dicirikan oleh tipologi perakarannya. Tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman berakar serabut, dan juga menghasilkan tandan kosong yang dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik yang mampu menyerap air dalam jumlah relatif lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi pemberian lubang resapan biopori terhadap laju infiltrasi pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan dan pengukuran secara langsung laju infiltrasi untuk perlakuan lubang resapan biopori denganTKKS (plot TB) dan tanpa TKKS (plot B) selama 2 minggu. Pengukuran laju infiltrasi menggunakan AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder) dan software Global Logger v 1.50. Diameter lubang 6 inci dengan kedalaman tiap lubang yaitu 100 cm. Pengukuran laju infiltrasi pada lubang resapan biopori dilakukan dengan mengisi air pada lubang sampai konstan dengan tinggi muka air 98 cm. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan laju infiltrasi yang signifikan antara lubang resapan biopori tanpa TKKS dan dengan TKKS. Selama pengukuran bahan organik tanah mengalami peningkatan di lubang dengan TKKS dari sebesar 1,32% menjadi 3,26 %. Laju infiltrasi yang tertinggi pada lubang resapan biopori dengan TKKS besar 1,78 cm/menit dengan kadar air tanah awal 31,47%  serta akumulasi 5,12 cm, sedangkan yang terendah yaitu sebesar 0,21 cm/menit dengan kadar air tanah awal 31,59% serta akumulasi yang diperoleh sebesar 1,18 cm. Hal ini membuktikan terjadi peningkatan laju infiltrasi sebesar 0,93 cm/menit. Hasil laju infiltrasi yang diperoleh yaitu plot TB menghasilkan persamaan laju infiltrasi f = 0,665t-0,024. Sama halnya plot B menghasilkan persamaan laju infiltrasi f = 0,572t-0,0011 dan f = 0,776t-0,016.Implications Of Granting Biopore Infiltration Hole Against The Rate Of Infiltration In The Oil Palm Plantation(Elaeis guineensis)Abstract. The rate of infiltration is influenced by soil physical conditions including texture, organic matter and vegetation on the soil surface characterized by its root typology. Palm oil is rooted fiber plant, also produce empty bunches that can be used as an organic fertilizer that can absorb water in relatively high amount. The aim of this study is to discover the implication of given biopore absorption hole on the infiltrasi rate of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) plantation land.  This study was done by observation and measurement of the infiltration rate directly for the treatment of biopore absorption hole at plot TB and plot B during two weeks period. Measurement of infiltration rate used AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder) and software global logger V.1.50. Diameter of hole is 6 inches and the depth of each hole is 100 cm. For measurement of infiltration rate,  biopore absorption hole is filled water until water depth of 98 cm. Measurement result shows that there is a significant difference in infiltration rate between biopore absorption hole without empty bunches and with empty bunches. From the measurement, soil organic matter in the hole with TKKS undergoes enhancement from 1,32% to 3,26%, highest infiltration rate in biopore absorption hole with TKKS is 1,78 cm/minutes with initial soil moisture contents 31,47% and accumulation of 5,12 cm, meanwhile lowest infiltration rate is 0,21 cm/minute with initial soil moisture contents 31,59%  and accumulation of 1,18 cm. The results show that is plot TB produce determination value (R2) 0,998 is f = 0,665t-0,024. Similary, plot B result is f = 0,572t-0,0011 and f = 0,776t-0,016.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Soil Under Conventional and Conservation Tillage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Carretta ◽  
Alessandra Cardinali ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Roberta Masin ◽  
Giuseppe Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
The Difference

Abstract This study investigates the adsorption and dissipation of glyphosate and the formation/dissipation of AMPA in non-tilled (NT) and conventionally tilled (CT) soil at 0–5 and 5–20 cm depth. Glyphosate adsorption was mainly related to the different NT and CT soil properties (clay and amorphous Al oxides), whereas an effect of the soil management could not be identified. Glyphosate dissipation was initially fast, and it slowed down later. The initial glyphosate concentration in NT soil at 0–5 cm was significantly lower than the dose applied due to the interception by the weeds and crop residues. AMPA began to form early after treatment and persisted longer than glyphosate. The DT50 range was 8–18 days for glyphosate and 99–250 days for AMPA. Longer glyphosate and AMPA DT50 were observed in NT soil compared to CT soil but, for glyphosate, the difference was significant only at 5–20 cm. Higher glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were detected in NT than in CT soil at the end of the study at 0–5 cm. The differences in glyphosate and AMPA DT50 and persistence were mainly attributable to the influence of different NT and CT soil characteristics. However, other factors could have contributed to the different glyphosate and AMPA dynamics between the soils, like glyphosate wash-off from crop residues on NT soil with the rainfall, the delayed glyphosate return to the soil by weed root exudation or weeds decomposition, and the NT soil compaction which may have reduced the microbial degradation of glyphosate at low concentrations. Graphic abstract

Relating particulate organic matter-nitrogen (POM-N) and non-POM-N with pulse crop residues, residue management and cereal N uptake

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Warwick L. Felton ◽  
David F. Herridge ◽  
Dil F. Khan ◽  
Mark B. Peoples
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Pulse Crop

Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity.

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Amaranthus ◽  
Debbie Page-Dumroese ◽  
Al Harvey ◽  
Efren Cazares ◽  
Larry F. Bednar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Conifer Seedling

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

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