scholarly journals Stability of Anchored Retaining Walls Under Seismic Loading Conditions to Obtain Minimal Anchor Lengths Using The Improved Failure Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-233
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Benamara ◽  
Ammar Rouaiguia ◽  
Messaouda Bencheikh
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Anchor Length ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Minimum Safety Factor

Abstract Anchored retaining walls are structures designed to support different loading applied in static and dynamic cases. The purpose of this work is to design and study the stability of an anchored retaining wall loaded with different seismic actions to obtain minimal anchor lengths. Mononobe-Okabe theory has been applied for the evaluation of seismic earth pressures developed behind the anchored wall. Checking the dynamic stability of anchored retaining walls is usually done using the classic Kranz model. To take into consideration the effects of the internal forces developed during failure, we have proposed a new model, based on the Kranz model, which will be used as the Kranz model to find the critical angle failure performed iteratively until the required horizontal anchor length is reached for a minimum safety factor. The results of this study confirm that the effect of the seismic load on the design of an anchored retaining wall, and its stability, has a considerable influence on the estimation of anchor lengths. To validate the modifications made to the new model, a numerical analysis was carried out using the Plaxis 2D software. The interpretation of the obtained results may provide more detailed explanation on the effect of seismic intensities for the design of anchored retaining walls.

scholarly journals Influence of parameters of retaining walls and loose soils on the stability of slopes in the new construction of residential complexes

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Skochko ◽  
Viktor Nosenko ◽  
Vasyl Pidlutskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Gavryliuk
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stage 1

The stability of the slope in the existing and design provisions is investigated, the constructive decisions of retaining walls on protection of the territory of construction of a residential complex in a zone of a slope are substantiated. The stability of the slope when using rational landslide structures is estimated. The results of the calculation of the slope stability for five characteristic sections on the basis of engineering-geological survey are analyzed. For each of the given sections the finite-element scheme according to the last data on change of a relief is created. The slope was formed artificially by filling the existing ravine with construction debris from the demolition of old houses and from the excavation of ditches for the first houses of the complex. Five sections along the slope are considered and its stability in the natural state and design positions is determined. Also the constructive decisions of retaining walls on protection of the territory of construction of a residential complex as along the slope there are bulk soils with various difference of heights are substantiated. This requires a separate approach to the choice of parameters of retaining walls, namely the dimensions of the piles and their mutual placement, as well as the choice of the angle of the bulk soil along the slope. The calculations were performed using numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the system "slope soils-retaining wall" using the finite element method. An elastic-plastic model of soil deformation with a change in soil parameters (deformation module) depending on the level of stresses in the soil is adopted. Hardening soil model (HSM) used. Calculations of slope stability involve taking into account the technological sequence of erection of retaining walls and modeling of the phased development of the pit. The simulation was performed in several stages: Stage 1 - determination of stresses from the own shaft, Stage 2 - assessment of slope stability before construction, Stage 3 - installation of retaining wall piles, Stage 4 - assessment of slope stability after landslides. Based on these studies, practical recommendations were developed for the design of each section of the retaining wall in accordance with the characteristic cross-sections.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL USING ALTERNATIVE GABION AND RETAINING WALLS OF CANTILEVER TYPE ON SLOPE OPEN SPACE GREEN JL. KINIBALU BANJARBARU

CERUCUK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Adelina Melati Sukma
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Stability Calculation ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
The Stability

On the construction of green open space Jl. Kinibalu Banjarbaru There is a 6 meters tall slope beneath which the river is lined up during the rainy season and makes the slope exposed by water plus the absence of load or traffic on it make the pore figures on the land is large. Therefore, for protection reason, there is a soil alignment in the construction of soil retaining walls. The planned ground retaining wall type is cantilever and gabion. The stability analysis of the ground retaining walls is done manually and with the help of the Geoslope/W 2018 software. The value of the stability of the style against the bolsters, sliding, and carrying capacity of the soil using manual calculations for cantilever type and Netlon qualifies SNI 8460:2017. And for the overall stability calculation using Geoslope/W 2018 software obtained safety factor (SF) > 1.5. From the analysis, the design of planning can be used because it is safe against the dangers of avalanche.

scholarly journals Review on “Assessment of the effect of lateral dynamic forces on rcc cantilever l-shaped and t-shaped retaining wall with height variations”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Jayesh Harode ◽  
Kuldeep Dabhekar ◽  
P.Y. Pawade ◽  
Isha Khedikar
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Cantilever Retaining Walls ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Manual Calculation

Abstract It is now becoming very essential to analyse the behaviour of retaining structures due to their wide infrastructural applications. The important factors which are affecting the stability of the retaining wall are the distribution of earth pressure on the wall, material of backfill & its reaction against earth pressure. There are several types of retaining walls, out of them the cantilever retaining wall is adopted for present design and study. In this paper, the study of literature based on the design of the cantilever retaining walls under seismic or dynamic conditions is studied. From the studied literature, many authors performed their calculations in Excel sheets by a manual method. Then the Results obtained from the manual calculation are then validated in STAAD pro. Several authors show the calculated quantity of steel and concrete required for various heights of walls. It is also concluded from the study that the design of cantilever retaining wall is suitable, safe, and economical up to a height of 6m, after that banding moment at toe increases. Some authors have also shown the calculated factor of safety for different height conditions. From the study of mentioned literature, we can recommended to also show the graph of bending moment with height variation. Both the designs are done for various heights ranging from 3 m to 6 m.

scholarly journals Stability of Reinforced Retaining Wall under Seismic Loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jia ◽  
Shikai He ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kai Yao
Keyword(s):  
Slip Surface ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Slice Method ◽  
Reinforced Retaining Wall

Based on the horizontal slice method (HSM) and assuming a log spiral slip surface, a method to analyze the stability of a reinforced retaining wall under seismic loads was established in this study by calculating the tensile force of the reinforcement. A parametric study was conducted on the normalized tensile force of the reinforcement, and it was observed that the normalized tensile force tends to increase with acceleration of the seismic load and the height of the backfill. Moreover, it also increases with soil unit weight, while it decreases with increased friction angle of the backfill soil, and the influence of soil cohesion on the normalized tensile force is not significant. The HSM method is proved to be suitable for analyzing the tensile force of reinforcement in retaining walls under seismic loads.

Earth Pressure Analysis and Retaining Walls

2015 ◽  
pp. 313-410
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Retaining Structure ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Braced Excavations ◽  
Surcharge Load ◽  
Line Loads

Retaining walls are structures used not only to retain earth but also water and other materials such as coal, ore, etc. where conditions do not permit the mass to assume its natural slope. In this chapter, after considering the types of retaining wall, earth pressure theories are developed in estimating the lateral pressure exerted by the soil on a retaining structure for at-rest, active, and passive cases. The effect of sloping backfill, wall friction, surcharge load, point loads, line loads, and strip loads are analyzed. Karl Culmann's graphical method can be used for determining both active and passive earth pressures. The analysis of braced excavations, sheet piles, and anchored sheet pile walls are considered and practical considerations in the design of retaining walls are treated. They include saturated backfill, wall friction, stability both external and internal, bearing capacity, and proportioning the dimensions of the retaining wall. Finally, a brief treatment of earth pressure on underground structures is included.

Stability of the Walls in Nails Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 380-383
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Benamara ◽  
Lazhar Belabed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
Soil Nail ◽  
The Stability

Developed as from the seventies, the nailing of the soils is a technique, which makes it possible to carry out a retaining wall of excavation by using the soil in place and installing the passive bars called nails. The main object of this work is to study the stability of the walls in soil nailed lived overall rupture facing-soil-nail. In order to find the mechanism or the mechanical model most unstable. Give a general aspect to our studies; we also studied a title comparative the classical circular failure model. We have repeatedly determined for each case the maximum shear soil force in the nails Tm. The most unfavourable mechanism (less stable) among all the mechanisms is that for which, the shear force Tm reached a maximum. Another analysis of the stability of wall in nailed soil was made by means of the software Geo4 and compared with the kinematics method.

Seismic Strengthening Methods and Analysis of Instability of Gravity Retaining Walls

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2141-2146
Author(s):  
Tian Zhong Ma ◽  
Yan Peng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Seismic Strengthening ◽  
Gravity Retaining Wall ◽  
Overturning Stability ◽  
The Stability

Using the frame supporting structure of pre-stressed anchor bolt seismic strengthening technology reinforced the instability of gravity retaining wall. Earth pressure of retaining wall in seismic reinforcement after shall take between active and static earth pressure for the form of the distribution . In this paper, based on the limit equilibrium theory, and the whole stability for retaining walls is analysis, the theoretical formula of the stability safety factor between stability against slope and overturning safety factor is derived. By calculation and comparative analysis with an example, the stability safety factor of gravity retaining wall with introducing this strengthening technology is improved obviously. Keywords: frame anchor structure; seismic strengthening; anti-slip and anti-overturning; stability coefficient;

scholarly journals Model Tests on the Retaining Walls Constructed from Geobags Filled with Construction Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wen ◽  
Jiu-jiang Wu ◽  
Jiao-li Zou ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Weak Part ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Horizontal Wall ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Geobag retaining wall using construction waste is a new flexible supporting structure, and the usage of construction waste to fill geobags can facilitate the construction recycling. In this paper, model tests were performed on geobag retaining wall using construction waste. The investigation was concentrated on the slope top settlement, the distribution characteristics of the earth pressures on retaining walls and horizontal wall displacements, and slope failure modes. The results indicated that the ultimate loads that the slope tops with retaining walls could bear were 87.5%~125% higher than that of the slope top without retaining walls. The ultimate loading of strengthened slopes with different slope ratios from 1 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 could be reduced by 11.8% to 29.4%. The horizontal displacements of the retaining walls constructed from geobags were distributed in a drum shape, with the greatest horizontal displacements occurring about 1/3~1/2 of the wall height away from the bottom of the wall. As the slope ratio increased, the failure of the slope soil supported by geobag retaining wall using construction waste changed from sliding to sliding-toppling (dominated by sliding) and then to toppling-sliding (dominated by toppling). The range of 1/3~1/2 of wall height is the weak part of the retaining walls, which should be strengthened with certain measures during the process of design and construction.

scholarly journals ANALISIS STABILITAS DAN PERKUATAN LERENG MENGGUNAKAN PLAXIS2D DI DESA SUKARESMI, SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A'isyah Salimah ◽  
Muhammad Fathur Rouf Hasan ◽  
Suripto Suripto ◽  
Yelvi Yelvi ◽  
Imam H Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Base Transceiver Station ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Permukaan tanah tidak semua berbentuk bidang datar, namun memiliki perbedaan ketinggian dan kemiringan pada setiap daerah. Perbedaan ketinggian tanah mampu mengakitbatkan terjadinya pergerakan tanah yaitu longsor. Keberadaan bangunan base transceiver station (BTS) tower di Desa Sukaresmi, Cisaat, Sukabumi yang berada pada daerah lereng curam dengan kondisi retaining wall dan pagar dalam keadaan retak dan mengalami penurunan tanah menjadi salah satu faktor yang mengancam keselamatan. Untuk mengantisipasi dampak kerusakan lingkungan bertambah parah dibutuhkan penanganan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis stabilitas dan perkuatan lereng menggunakan software Plaxis2D. Adapun metode penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan investigasi lapangan secara langsung, pengujian laboratorium, analisis stabilitas perkuatan lereng dengan software Plaxis2D serta rekomendasi perbaikan drainase. Upaya perkuatan lereng dengan mengganti dan memperdalam retaining wall existing. Hasil perkuatan lereng dapat meningkatkan nilai safety factor menjadi 1,369, nilai ini lebih besar dari safety factor existing sebesar 1,302. Kata kunci: cisaat, longsor, Plaxis2D, stabilitas lereng. The soil surface is believed to have differences in height and slope in each region. The different elevation could cause land movements namely landslides. The existence of tower base transceiver station (BTS) buildings in Sukaresmi Village, Cisaat,  Sukabumi on a deep slope area with cracked retaining walls and fences condition which experienced settlement is one of the factors that threaten safety. To anticipate the impact of environmental damage getting worse requires special handling. The aim  of this study is to analyze the stability and slope reinforcement using Plaxis2D software. The research method is carried out by conducting direct field investigations, laboratory tests, reinforced slope stability analysis with Plaxis2D software and drainage refinement recommendations. Countermeasures to strengthen the slope are done by replacing and deepening the existing retaining wall. The result of this measure is the increase of the safety factor value to 1,369, this value is greater than the value of the existing safety factor of 1,302. Keywords : cisaat, landslide, Plaxis2D, slope stability.

scholarly journals ENSURING THE STABILITY OF RETAINED WALLS IN SEISMIC AREAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE BACKFILL SOIL CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Bekbolotova ◽  
S.V. Krylova ◽  
R.D. Tokoev
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformations ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Coupling Effects ◽  
Soil Stiffness ◽  
Backfill Soil ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
The Stability

During earthquakes retaining walls are exposed to combined action. The retaining walls in seismic areas must account for the displacements, for resistance to failure in bearing, sliding and overturning. Research model have to estimate to dynamic the combined action of sliding and rocking and takes into consideration, non-linear soil stiffness in sliding, and rocking, geometrical and material damping in sliding, and rocking, and coupling effects. The calculation of the retaining wall is given, the design and the method of strengthening the structure at large deformations are shown.

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