scholarly journals Susceptibility in vitro of clinical Candida albicans isolates to the selected azoles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Pawlicki ◽  
Anna Biernasiuk ◽  
Monika Jonczyk ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Abstract Candida spp. is the most prevalent cause of fungal infection worldwide, and their increasing resistance to anti-fungal agents, especially to azoles, has become problematic. The aim of this work was to establish the susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole of 50 clinical C. albicans isolates from hematooncological patients. This has been evaluated using the following parameters: MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MIC50 (MIC required to inhibit the growth of 50% of organisms), as well as MIC90 (MIC required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms). Susceptibility of the studied clinical isolates to all azoles was high, being 86% for itraconazole, 90% for fluconazole and posaconazole and 92% for voriconazole. The resistance rates ranged from 8% (voriconazole), to 12% (itraconazole). The emergence of azole-resistant yeast strains creates a necessity to determine and monitor the sensitivity of the isolated Candida spp., including C. albicans, especially in patients predisposed to life-threating fungal invasive disease.

scholarly journals Potensi Minyak Atsiri Cananga odorata dan Cymbopogon citratus Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Kadek Wegi Kurnilia ◽  
Sang Ketut Sudirga ◽  
Yan Ramona
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Tanaman Cananga odorata dan Cymbopogon citratus merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang memiliki khasiat antimikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi minyak atsiri kedua jenis tanaman tersebut dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Nilai MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) minyak atsiri C.odorata dan C.citratus dengan perbandingan 1:1 terhadap S.aureus dan C.albicans juga ditentukan dalam penelitian ini. Bioassay dilakukan pada medium Nutrient Agar (NA) atau Potato Dextriose Agar (PDA) yang ditambahkan dengan minyak atsiri kedua tanaman dengan perbandingan konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Medium yang ditambahkan aquades steril berperan sebagai kontrol. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan bantuan software SPSS For Windows versi 22. Bila diperoleh hasil yang berbeda nyata pada p<0.05, maka analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan pada penelitian ini mengeliminasi bakteri S.aureus. Sementara itu, C.albicans tidak terhambat pertumbuhannya oleh perlakuan 100% minyak atsiri bunga C.odorata. Eliminasi kamir ini terjadi ketika minyak atsiri bunga kenanga dikombinasi dengan minyak atsiri daun serai dapur. Jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol, semua perlakuan minyak atsiri dengan perbandingan yang bervariasi menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (p<0.05). Nilai MIC campuran minyak atsiri dengan perbandingan 1:1 pada S.aureus  (MRSA) dan C.albicans  (SC5314) berturut-turut adalah 0,1% dan 2,6%.   Kata-kata kunci: minyak atsiri, Cananga odorata, Cymbopogon citratus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

scholarly journals In vitro activities of Traganum nudatum and Mentha pulegium extracts combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans in production of hydrolytic enzymes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Tefiani ◽  
Sidi Mohammed Lahbib Seddiki ◽  
Moustafa Yassine Mahdad
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is an important microorganism in the normal flora of a healthy subject; however, it has an expedient pathogenic character that induces hydrolytic virulence. Regarding this, the present study aimed to find an in vitro alternative that could reduce the virulence of this yeast. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the effect of amphotericin B (AmB) combined with the extract of Traganum nudatum (E1) or Mentha pulegium (E2) was evaluated against the hydrolytic activities of esterase, protease, and phospholipase. This effect was determined by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), used to adjust the extract/AmB mixtures in culture media. Results: The evaluated Pz values, which corresponded to the different enzymatic activities, showed a decrease in the hydrolytic activities of C. albicans strains after the addition of E1/AmB and E2/AmB combinations at descending concentrations (lower than the obtained MICs). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it would be possible to reduce the pathogenesis of this species without destabilizing the balance of the flora.

scholarly journals Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ramschie ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Krista V. Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plumericin and Isoplumericin

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Umakant Sharma ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Yogesh K Gupta ◽  
M. P. Dobhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor and its phytoconstituents plumericin and isoplumericin against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Plumericin's consistently high activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans was more potent than isoplumericin and the standard antifungal drug nystatin suggesting its potential as a drug candidate for candidiasis and cryptococcosis.

Comparison of antifungal efficacies of moxifloxacin, liposomal amphotericin B, and combination treatment in experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudum Tiftikcioğlu Deren ◽  
Şengül Özdek ◽  
Ayşe Kalkanci ◽  
Nalan Akyürek ◽  
Berati Hasanreisoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Control Group

The goal of this study was to compare in vitro and in vivo efficacy of moxifloxacin and liposomal amphotericin B (Amp-B) monotherapies and combination treatment against Candida albicans in an exogenous endophthalmitis model in rabbit eyes. Microplate dilution tests and checkerboard analysis were performed to detect in vitro efficacies. Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of C. albicans in 40 rabbit eyes with simultaneous intravitreal drug injection according to prophylactic treatment groups. Group 1 (control group) received 0.1 mL of balanced salt solution, group 2 (moxi group) 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL, group 3 (Amp-B group) 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.1 mL, and group 4 (combi group) both 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.05 mL and 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.05 mL intravitreally. Clinical examination, quantitative analysis of microorganisms, and histopathologic examination were performed as in vivo studies. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans was found to be 1 µg/mL. Moxifloxacin showed no inhibition of in vitro C. albicans growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of liposomal Amp-B for C. albicans were reduced two- to eightfold with increasing concentrations of moxifloxacin in vitro. In vivo, there was no C. albicans growth in the combi group (zero of eight eyes), whereas three eyes (37.5%) showed growth in the Amp-B group. Vitreous inflammation, retinal detachment, focal retinal necrosis, and outer nuclear layer loss were found to be lower in the moxi group compared with the control group. Ganglion cell and inner nuclear layer loss was observed in all eyes (100%) in both the moxi and combi groups, whereas only in 25% (two of eight eyes) in the Amp-B group. Moxifloxacin strongly augments the efficacy of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans in vitro, although it has no in vitro antifungal activity when used alone. It is interesting that we found a synergistic effect for in vitro tests but failed to demonstrate it in vivo. When 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL is given intravitreally, it has some toxic effects that are limited to the inner retinal layers.

scholarly journals Nanotebuconazole: Điều chế trong môi trường nước và khảo sát hiệu quả kháng nấm bệnh gây hại trên cây trồng

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Quốc Yên Phạm ◽  
Quốc Tuấn Trần
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Tebuconazole được phân tán trong hỗn hợp polyethylene glycol (PEG) và nước theo một tỉ lệ xác định với sự hiện diện của dichloromethane (DCM). Hỗn hợp sau đó được làm bay hơi ở 40oC dưới áp suất 480 mbar để loại bỏ DCM và hình thành nanotebuconazole. Kích thước hạt nanotebuconazole được xác định trong khoảng 27 – 35 nm với kích thước trung bình là 29 nm  bằng kĩ thuật tán xạ ánh sáng động (DLS) và kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỉ lệ PEG:H2O 4:1 là thuận lợi nhất cho quá trình hình thành hạt nhũ nano. Các thử nghiệm in vitro bằng phương pháp MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) chứng minh rằng dạng nanotebuconazole cho hiệu quả kháng khuẩn, kháng nấm mạnh gấp 2 lần dạng thương mại trên các chủng Ralstonia solanacearum, Fusarium ambrosium và Rhizoctonia solani và gấp 4 lần trên chủng Phytophthora capsici, với nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu lần lượt là 50 ppm và 25 ppm. Chế phẩm nanotebuconazole được đánh giá chất lượng đáp ứng đầy đủ tiêu chuẩn thuốc bảo vệ thực vật theo Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam 9482:2012 (TCVN 9482:2012).

scholarly journals Antifungi Effect of Keghenyat Leaves Fraction (Acmella uliginosa) In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agustina Septi Hijir ◽  
Salni Salni ◽  
Joko Marwoto ◽  
Triwani Triwani ◽  
Sri Nita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction Candida is a yeast fungus classes most commonly found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract and skin, especially the species Candida albicans. Alternative medicines such as herbs are easily available and affordable by the community, such as keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa). Aim of StudyTo determine the activity of Keghenyat leaves fraction (Acmella uliginosa) compared to Nystatin against Candida albicans in vitro. MethodsIn vitro study was held in Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medical Faculty, Sriwijaya University in December 2015 and January 2016. Research stages: extraction, fractionation, sensitivity test using Nystatin and Candida albicans, fractions antifungal activity test, the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), bioautografi test and determination of compound classes. One final stages of testing the active fraction Keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa) with Nystatin. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Post Hoc Duncan test and linear regression using SPSS 20. ResultsHexane faction of Keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa) is active against the fungus Candida albicans, has a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.625% (6250μl) against the fungus Candida albicans antifungal contain active compounds that terpenoids and flavonoids, amounting to 84.68 mg / ml equivalent to 1 mg / ml Nystatin against the fungus Candida albicans. ConclusionThere is a significance different MIC between hexane fraction of Keghenyat leaves (Acmella uliginosa) and Nystatin, Nystatin have more high activity.

scholarly journals In vitro study of antifungal effect of carica papaya peel var. California extract against Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Trisnawaty K ◽  
Anin Esta Rauna ◽  
Siti Rusdiana Puspa Dewi ◽  
Pudji Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Peel Extract

Candida albicans is a normal microflora in the oral cavity which can be an opportunistic pathogen that could cause oral candidiasis when there are underlying predisposing conditions. Papaya as one of the most widely grown herbal plants in Indonesia has been known to cure diseases. Unused papaya peel only became a waste; however, the papaya peel is known to contain active compounds that have antifungal effect, especially raw ones. This study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of raw papaya peel extract of Californian variety and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on clinical isolates of C. albicans. This study was an experimental laboratory study with post-test only control group design. Ethanol-based extract of papaya peel was obtained from maceration process using 96% ethanol. Antifungal effect testing was carried out in vitro using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) on clinical isolates of C. albicans. The concentration of Ethanol extract of papaya peel used consisted of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% with positive control (nystatin) and negative control (distilled water). The results showed that 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% papaya peel extracts were able to inhibit the growth of C. albicans with 2.5% concentration of raw papaya peel extract as minimum inhibitory concentration. Ethanol extract of raw papaya peel of Californian variety with 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations has small antifungal effect against clinical isolates of C. albicans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of the Dichloromethane Extract from in vitro Cultured Roots of Morinda royoc and Its Main Constituents

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
Janetsy Borroto ◽  
Ricardo Salazar ◽  
Alejandro Pérez ◽  
Yemeys Quiros ◽  
Martha Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Mic Value

The dichloromethane extract and seven anthraquinones isolated from in vitro cultured roots of Morinda royoc L. were tested for their antimicrobial activity against seven yeast and seven bacterial strains. The extract showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 15.6 μg/m against all species of Candida tested; except C. glabrata (MIC 1.95 μg/mL), and it inhibited the growth of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 31.2 μg/mL). Only morindone showed activity against all yeast strains (MIC 1.9 μg/mL), and against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 15 μg/mL).

In vitroactivities of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against otomycotic fungal pathogens

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Yenişehirli ◽  
Y Bulut ◽  
M Güven ◽  
E Günday
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjective:To determine the causative pathogens of otomycosis, and to evaluate thein vitroactivity of antifungal agents against these pathogens.Materials and methods:A total of 96 fungal isolate were taken from 92 patients suspected of otomycosis. Thein vitroactivity of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against otomycotic pathogens was tested using the E-test method.Results:The most common pathogen wasAspergillus fumigatus(40.6 per cent), followed byA niger(35.4 per cent),A flavus(12.5 per cent) andCandida albicans(11.5 per cent). AllAspergillusspecies were found to be resistant to fluconazole (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥256 µg/ml). The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole forA fumigatus,A niger,A flavusandC albicanswere significantly lower than those of itraconazole for the same pathogens.Conclusion:This study found that the most common otomycotic fungal pathogen wasA fumigatus, and that voriconazole had more potentin vitroactivity than itraconazole against allAspergillusspecies as well as againstC albicans.

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