The Proximate Composition, Amino Acid Profile and Chemical Indices in Five Freshwater Fishes from Tiga Dam Reservoir, Nigeria

Abstract The study assesses the proximate composition, amino acid profile and its content and chemical indices of the sun-dried Schilbe mystus, Bagrus bayad, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias anguillaris and Petrocephalus bane bane from Tiga Dam Reservoir, Nigeria. The proximate composition varied significantly (p<0.05) in all five species of fish and these ranged as follows: Moisture (4.79 - 9.52 g/100 g), Crude Protein (42.20 - 57.71 g/100 g), Ash Content (0.90 - 12.51 g/100 g), Ether Extract (3.41 - 9.93 g/100 g), Crude Fibre (0.62 - 5.08 g/100 g), Nitrogen Free Extract (12.28 - 42.70 g/100 g) and Dry Matter (90.48 - 95.21 g/100 g). The amino acid also differed significantly (p<0.05). The nine essential amino acids found in the five species of fish were Lysine (4.21 - 6.34 g/100 g), Histidine (1.96 - 4.30 g/100 g), Arginine (5.80 - 8.21 g/100 g), Threonine (1.93 - 5.05 g/100 g), Valine (2.91 - 5.53 g/100 g), Methionine (1.74 - 3.80 g/100 g), Isoleucine (2.04 - 3.37 g/100 g), Leucine (3.64 - 7.18 g/100 g) and Phynylalanine (1.90 - 4.23 g/100 g). Whereas, the eight non-essential amino acids included: Serine (2.12 - 5.22 g/100 g), Glutamic acid (13.24 - 16.30 g/100 g), Proline (3.12 - 6.29 g/100 g), Glycine (4.20 - 9.08 g/100 g), Alanine (5.00 - 6.36 g/100 g), Cysteine (0.94 - 1.24 g/100 g), Tyrosine (2.33 - 3.33 g/100 g) and Aspartic acid (6.34 - 11.01 g/100 g). P. bane bane was first in terms of crude protein; S. mystus had the highest lipid and essential amino acid content. Also, C. anguillaris recorded the highest calorific value and best amino acid content. Thus, P. bane bane can serve as a source of animal protein to balance deficiencies in humans. Both S. mystus and C. anguillaris can be used as a nutrient base for high energy food and oil in the food industry.

Download Full-text

Connection of protein and amino acid content of forage and medium quality winter wheat varieties

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/36/2799 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 101-107

Author(s):

Zoltán Mezei ◽

Ágnes Pongrácznl Barancsi ◽

Péter Sipos ◽

Zoltán Győri ◽

János Csapó

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Content ◽

Acid Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

We analysed the crude protein content, amino acid content, amino acid composition of four forage and milling III. quality winter wheat varieties (Magor, Hunor, Róna and Kondor) from their samples from five following years (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007). We found that quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids rose with increase in crude protein content. On examination of protein amino acid composition in relation to crude protein content we found that the crude protein content increased the quantities of the non-essential amino acids also rose, while those of the essential amino acids decreased as the lysine, the limiting amino acid of wheat. We also established that, as crude protein content increased, the biological value of the protein decreased.

Download Full-text

Connection of crude protein content and amino acid content of forage and medium quality winter wheat varieties in the relation of quantity and quality

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/32/3020 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

Zoltán Mezei ◽

Zoltán Győri ◽

János Csapó

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Content ◽

Acid Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

Download Full-text

Variation in protein and amino acids content among landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i10.2175 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 750

Author(s):

Ángel Ramón Flores-Sosa ◽

Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños ◽

Anaberta Cardador-Martínez ◽

José Luis Chávez-Servia ◽

Araceli Minerva Vera-Guzmán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Acid Content ◽

High Performance ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Genetic Characteristics

Native bean populations (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) provide bioactive and nutrient compounds; however, their amino acid profiles are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the protein content and amino acid profile of 46 native bean populations cultivated by small farmers in Oaxaca, Mexico, and compare them with that of commercial beans. Through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 16 amino acids were identified and quantified in all samples. The region of origin influenced the concentrations of amino acids. The Santa Lucia Miahuatlan populations stood out for their high content of isoleucine, threonine, methionine, arginine, serine, alanine, tyrosine, and cysteine. Amino acid content showed high variability among the populations; accessions labeled as FSLM22, FSLM27, FSLM28, and FSLM32 were enriched in aliphatic, hydroxylated, aromatic, acidic, and basic amino acids, while the FSLM14, FSLM17, and FSLM18 populations had the highest concentrations of sulfur amino acids. The FSLM01, FSLM22, FSLM27, FSLM28, FSLM30, and FSLM32 populations frequently displayed the highest concentrations of essential amino acids. The findings show that samples of native populations are highly variable in amino acid content due to the genetic characteristics of cultivated beans, environmental and agroecological influences, and crop management by farmers. The beans populations stood out can be used for direct use or a basis for the initiation of a breeding program.

Download Full-text

AMINO ACID PROFILE ANALYSIS OF RED AND GREEN MELINJO PEELS TEA

Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri ◽

10.21776/ub.jpa.2021.009.04.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 208-215

Author(s):

Raskita Saragih ◽

◽

Ermiziar Tamizi ◽

Shinta Leonita ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Herbal Tea ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Thin Slices

The study aims to analyze the profile of non-essential and essential amino acids in the peels and herbal tea products made from red and green melinjo peels. The processing of melinjo seeds into chips in Pandeglang Regency in Banten Provence, produces large amounts of melinjo peels waste. The processed tea from red and green melinjo peels contains polyphenol compounds, antioxidants, protein and amino acids that are good for health. The processing stages of the melinjo peel tea by sorting the peels for red and green melinjo peels, then washed, made them into thin slices, and dried using an oven blower at 65oC of temperature for 4 hours. Both green and red melinjo peels tea were analyzed for the amino acid profile using the UPLC method. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the amino acid content of melinjo peels and melinjo peels tea, both green and red, consisted of 7 non-essential amino acids and 8 essential amino acids. L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid are the highest amino acid components which can give melinjo peels tea a characteristic aroma and taste.

Download Full-text

Protein and Amino Acid Content in Four Brands of Commercial Table Eggs in Retail Markets in Relation to Human Requirements

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 406

Author(s):

Youssef A. Attia ◽

Mohammed A. Al-Harthi ◽

Mohamed A. Korish ◽

Mohamed H. Shiboob

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Retail Market ◽

Edible Part

Considering the common believe that all eggs in the retail market are nutritionally similar, four different commercial sources of eggs (A, B, C, and D) available in a retail market were collected to investigate the crude protein and amino acid content, as well as the protein quality in the whole edible part of eggs (albumen + yolk), egg albumen, and egg yolk, separately. Five egg samples per source were collected four times during the experimental period, which resulted in a total number of 20 samples that were pooled to finally present five samples per source of eggs. The results show that crude protein in albumen was significantly higher in A and B than that of C and D, but the difference was found among edible parts of eggs such as yolk > whole edible part > albumen. Essential amino acids (arginine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, methionine + cysteine, phenylalanine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, threonine, and valine) of eggs significantly differed according to the source of eggs, but eggs from different sources could provide from 17.4–26.7% of recommended daily allowance (RDA) of amino acids for adults. Essential amino acids (EAAs) were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in eggs from sources A and B than in source D, while source C exhibited intermediate values. Source B had greater (p ≤ 0.05) non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) than did sources C and D in whole edible egg, while source A displayed intermediate values. The phenylalanine + tyrosine, histidine, and lysine were the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd limiting amino acids in all sources of eggs. In conclusion, the investigated eggs showed different EAAs/NEAAs ratio and antioxidant amino acids, indicating a potential for enhancing nutritional values and extending the shelf life of eggs by different nutritional additions.

Download Full-text

COMPARISON OF AMINO ACIDS IN 8 DIFFERENT BOILED TROPICAL FRUITS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i1.31995 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 21-23

Author(s):

Radha Palaniswamy ◽

Dhanyasri Selvaraj ◽

Sandhiya Renganathan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Tropical Fruits ◽

Good Balance

Objective: To determine the protein quality, especially the amino acid content of 8 tropical fruits both raw and boiled samples. Eight different tropical fruits were used in the study (Apricot, Jamun, Dragonfruit, Pomegranate, Mangustan, Litchi, Jackfruit, and Kiwi.Methods: Ninhydrin method was used for the estimation of the concentration of amino acids present in the above fruits. Raw and boiled fruits were used for the study.Results: Both raw and boiled forms which showed thats Jamun and Mangustan contained highest concentration amino acids whereas apricot shows the lowest concentration of amino acids except in Jamun which showed higher values in the raw fruit whereas in others the boiled samples showed higher values.Conclusion: It was evident that tropical fruits have a good balance of the essential amino acids (both raw and boiled fomr) which provide significant sources of protein in our diet.

Download Full-text

The effect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows’ milk

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201058050369 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 369-376

Author(s):

Markéta Šípalová ◽

Oto Hanuš ◽

František Buňka ◽

Jan Pozdíšek ◽

Vladimír Mrkvička ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Acid Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Samples

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of maize replacement in feeding rations on the amino acid content in cows´ milk. Cows were fed total mix ration based on the maize, clover silage and hay. There was a difference in the concentrate of the feeding ration. The first group (fed maize) was the control group, another two groups were experimental, one fed wheat and second fed triticale. During six weeks, totally 26 milk samples were taken from dairy cows of Czech Pied breed. Feed groups were preferably balanced in terms of milk yield, stage and number of lactations. The samples of feedstuffs as well as milk were modified for the analysis using acidic and oxidative hydrolyses. The analysis of amino acids content and composition of the sample hydrolysates was performed chromatographically by an AAA 400 analyzer, using Na-citrate buffers and ninhydrin detection. Total nitrogen content was determined according to Kjehldahl and the crude protein of the samples was determined by conversion from the nitrogen content multiplied by appropriate factor. The high content of crude protein in wheat did not influenced composition of milk from dairy cows fed this type of feedstuff. With respect to resulting amino acid content and composition of milk samples, none of the tested grains can be recommended as a full-value maize replacement. Each feedstuff is an abundant source of several and typical amino acids in milk. However, triticale (cultivar Kitaro) seems to be acceptable replacement of maize owing to better crude protein efficiency, composition and health indicators of milk quality.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition of wonderful kola (Bucchlozia coriacea) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) seeds grown in south–south, Nigeria

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v53i2.36673 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 125-132

Author(s):

MO Aremu ◽

DB Passali ◽

H Ibrahim ◽

RO Akinyeye

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Artocarpus Altilis ◽

Limiting Amino Acid

The proximate and amino acid compositions of Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea were investigated using standard analytical techniques. The respective proximate composition (%) for the Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples were: Moisture (5.91 and 5.67); ash (4.39 and 5.13); crude fat (4.42 and 2.76); crude protein (12.27 and 14.78); crude fibre (7.10 and 6.27); carbohydrate (65.91 and 65.39). The calculated fatty acids and metabolizable energy for the Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples were 3.54 and 2.21 %; 1492.60 and 1465.01 kJ/100 g, respectively. The most abundant minerals in Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia were potassium (658.42 and 369.64 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (382.55 and 261.38 mg/100 g), respectively. The amino acid profile revealed that Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) (with His) were 31.14 and 34.40 g/100 g crude protein for the Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea samples, respectively. The first limiting amino acid was Met + Cys (TSAA) for all the samples and calculated isoeletric points (ρl) were 3.52 and 4.05 for Artocarpus altilis and Bucchholzia coriacea, respectively.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(2), 125-132, 2018

Download Full-text

Proximate composition, mineral content and amino acid profile of Irvingia gabonensis O’Rorke baill leaf

International Journal of Scientific World ◽

10.14419/ijsw.v5i1.6969 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Efosa Ewere ◽

Oboso Etim ◽

Usunomena Usunobun

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Antinutritional Factors ◽

World Health ◽

Isoleucine Leucine ◽

Irvingia Gabonensis ◽

Mineral Analyses

Several plants are utilized for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Irvingia gabonensis O’Rorke Baill leaf is used in herbal medicine for treatment of a number of ailments. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the proximate composition, antinutritional factors, mineral composition and amino acid profile of Irvingia gabonensis O’Rorke Baill leaf. The proximate and antinutritional factors analyses were done using standard procedures. The mineral analyses were done using flame photometry, titrimetic method, molybdo vanadate method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the amino acid profile was done with the aid of Applied Biosystems PTH amino acid analyzer. Results of proximate analyses were carbohydrates (75.15±1.29 %), protein (11.43±1.07 %), fat (1.99±0.74 %), fibre (4.89±0.61 %), ash (6.71±0.28 %), moisture (5.12±0.03 %) and caloric value (364.30±5.95 Kcal). Antinutrients (phytate, oxalate and cyanide) levels in the leaf were also very low. Results from mineral analyses obtained revealed that the leaf is also a very rich source of calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and so on. Compared with the World health organization (WHO) standards, results of the amino acid profile showed that the leaf is very rich in isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine and tyrosine which are nutritionally essential amino acids. Furthermore, extraction of the leaf using ethanol reduced the levels of these amino acids but not below the recommended WHO standard levels for most of the essential amino acids. Irvingia gabonensis O’Rorke Baill leaf is therefore a potential source of key nutrients.

Download Full-text

REGRESSION ESTIMATES OF LYSINE AND OTHER AMINO ACIDS IN MANITOBA BARLEY

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas90-042 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 333-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. M. DUPCHAK ◽

D. HICKLING

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Good Predictor ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Key Words Barley ◽

Amino Acid Levels

Manitoba barley samples from the 1986 and 1987 crop years were analyzed for lysine and crude protein. The 1987 samples were also analyzed for other amino acids and for proximate components. Regression equations were developed to predict amino acid content. Crude protein was found to be a good predictor of amino acid levels. There was no effect of crop year on the prediction equation for lysine. Key words: Barley, lysine, prediction

Download Full-text