scholarly journals Residue Levels of Fatty Compounds and Surfactants as Suckering Agents on Tobacco

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Tso ◽  
H. Chu ◽  
D.W. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Tween 80 ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
14C Labelling ◽  
Average Residue ◽  
Residue Levels

AbstractFatty compounds including lauryI alcohol and methyl laurate and Tween 20 surfactant (polyoxyethylene [20] sorbitan monolaurate) and Tween 80 surfactant (polyoxyethylene [20] sorbitan monooleate) with 14C-labelling at various positions were used as suckering agents for Maryland, Burley, and bright tobacco types (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and their residues on the tobacco determined. An average residue of 1.61 ppm of fatty compounds and 1.0 ppm of surfactants were found. The combined totaI of 2.6 ppm residue due to these suckering agents is far below an earlier preliminary test of 4.8 ppm of residue in comparison with 7.000 ppm naturally occurring fatty compounds in tobacco.

Susceptibility of Penicillium expansum Spores to Sodium Hypochlorite, Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water, and Chlorine Dioxide Solutions Modified with Nonionic Surfactants

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1944-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
DERRICK O. OKULL ◽  
ALI DEMIRCI ◽  
DAVE ROSENBERGER ◽  
LUKE F. LaBORDE
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
All Solutions

The use of water flotation tanks during apple packing increases the risk of contamination of apples by spores of Penicillium expansum, which may accumulate in the recirculating water. Routine addition of sanitizers to the water may prevent such contamination. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water have varied activity against spores of P. expansum, and their effectiveness could be enhanced using surfactants. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of three nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), and sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20), to enhance the efficacy of NaOCl, ClO2, and EO water against spores of P. expansum in aqueous suspension at various temperatures and pH conditions. The efficacy of NaOCl solutions was enhanced by the addition of surfactants at both pH 6.3 and pH 8 (up to 5 log CFU reduction). EO water and ClO2 were effective against P. expansum spores (up to 5 log CFU and 4 log CFU reduction, respectively), but addition of surfactants was not beneficial. All solutions were less effective at 4°C compared to 24°C irrespective of the presence of surfactants. Nonionic surfactants could potentially be used with NaOCl to improve control of P. expansum in flotation tanks, but the efficacy of such formulations should be validated under apple packing conditions.

Effects of Nonionic Surfactants, Temperature, and Light on Germination of Weed Seeds

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woodland Hurtt ◽  
Richard H. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Common Purslane

The nonionic surfactants Tween 20 [oxysorbic (20 POE) polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate] and Tween 80 [oxysorbic (20 POE) polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate] at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% v/v stimulated germination of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. # ECHCG] seeds in petri dishes. Stimulation occurred under both 30/20 and 25/15 C diurnal temperature cycles whether or not light was supplied during the 8-h high-temperature portion of the cycle. Barnyardgrass responded most to treatment under environmental conditions in which untreated seeds germinated the least. A 0.1% surfactant concentration often stimulated germination of weed seeds as effectively as did higher concentrations. Germination of redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE] seeds was inhibited by Tween 80 in the light under both the low- and high-temperature regimes and by Tween 20 at low temperature in the light. Germination of tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albusL. # AMAAL) seeds was inhibited by both surfactants in the high-temperature regime whether or not light was supplied. Common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL. # POROL) seeds were insensitive to treatment.

Effects of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate (Tween 20) upon Gastrointestinal Iron Absorption in Hamsters.

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wissler ◽  
W. F. Bethard ◽  
P. Barker ◽  
H. D. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAFUTIDINE NANOSUSPENSION FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Mohammed Dawood ◽  
Shaimaa Nazar Abdal-hammid ◽  
Ahmed Abbas Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Particle Size Reduction

Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare nanosuspension of a practical water insoluble antiulcer drug which is lafutidine to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate with studying the effect of different formulation variables to obtain the best formula with appropriate physical properties and higher dissolution rate.Methods: Nanosuspension of lafutidine was prepared using solvent anti-solvent precipitation method using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90(PVP K-90) as the stabilizer. Ten formulations were prepared to show the effect of different variables in which two formulations showed the effect of stabilizer type, three formulations showed the effect of stabilizer concentration, two formulations showed the effect of combination of polymer with surfactant such as tween 80, three formulations show the effect of stirring speed and three formulations prepare to show the effect of addition of co-surfactant such as tween 20. All these formulations are evaluated for their particle size and entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The selected one was evaluated for zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, saturation solubility and stability study.Results: The formulations (F3-F10) were in the nano size. The optimum concentration of the stabilizer was in the formulation when the drug: polymer: surfactant ratio 1:4:4 and the optimum stirring speed was 1500 rpm. Dramatic effect on the particle size reduction was found by the addition of co-surfactant (tween 20) in formulation F7 that has a particle size 15.89±1.8 nm. The selected formula F7 showed an enhanced dissolution profile (10 min) compared to the pure drug at all-time intervals.Conclusion: The results show that the formulation that contains drug: PVP-K90: tween 80: tween 20 in ratio 1:4:2:2 is the best one and can be utilized to formulate lafutidine nanosuspension. 

scholarly journals Formulation, characterization and stability of o/w nanoemulsion containing rice bran oil prepared by emulsion phase inversion

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029
Author(s):  
Y.P. Sari ◽  
S. Raharjo ◽  
U. Santoso ◽  
Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Emulsion Phase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

Rice bran oil (RBO) contains naturally occurring antioxidants such as carotenoids, tocopherol, and γ-oryzanol. The aim of this research was to formulate and evaluate the characteristics of nanoemulsion which was prepared using RBO containing naturally occurring antioxidants. The RBO-in-water nanoemulsion was prepared by the emulsion phase inversion method. The oil phase of the nanoemulsion was prepared by either virgin coconut oil (VCO) or palm oil (PO) combined with RBO with the ratio of 5:5; 4:6, 3:7, 2:8 and 0:10. Tween 80 was used as a surfactant. The surfactant to oil ratios was predetermined at 2.5:1.0 and 3.0:1.0. The aqueous phase (80% w/w) was titrated into an organic phase that consisted of Tween 80 and oil phase (approximately 20% w/w). Droplet size, zeta-potential and polydispersity index of the nanoemulsion were used as the main parameters. The results showed that the smallest droplet (<100 nm) of the nanoemulsion was obtained when the ratio of VCO: RBO at 3:7 and the ratio of PO: RBO at 4:6 with the surfactant to oil ratio (SOR) was 2.5. Nanoemulsion with a relatively small polydispersity index of 0.3 was achieved when the ratio of PO: RBO was 3:7 and SOR at 3. All of the freshly prepared RBO containing nanoemulsion have good stability with zetapotential values of < -30 mV. Nanoemulsions were stable against centrifugation at 2300 rpm for 15 mins, but they were not stable against heating at 105°C for 5 hrs. The RBO-inwater nanoemulsion could be successfully prepared by phase inversion method, by combining RBO with either VCO or PO at different ratios.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM NANOCRYSTALS CONTAINING P-GLYCOPROTEIN INHIBITORS FOR ENHANCING ORAL DELIVERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
SARAH LABIB ◽  
MOHAMED NASR ◽  
MOHAMED NASR
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Atorvastatin Calcium ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Saturated Solubility

Objective: The main objective of this study was to develop atorvastatin calcium (ATR) as an oral drug delivery system for a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate drug using different pharmaceutical excipients that inhibit P-glycoprotein and evaluate the influence of nanocrystals on the dissolution characteristics and bioavailability compared to the plain drug. Methods: A nanosuspension was prepared by Solvent-antisolvent precipitation method using a solvent containing stabilizer that act as a p-gp inhibitor dissolved in distilled water as polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 300, PEG 400), tween 20 and tween 80 while the solvent selected for atorvastatin calcium was methanol. The concentrations were as follows: PEG 300 and 400 = 0.25% w/v, tween 20 and 80 = 0.75% v/v. Nanocrystals were extracted from the suspension and characterized. Results: Particle size of the drug was 1307±127.79 nm while the formulas prepared ranged from 223±17.67 to 887±58.12 nm. Pure ATR had a saturated solubility of 0.059±0.005 mg/ml and the prepared nanocrystals ranged from 0.32±0.021 to 0.88±0.019 mg/ml. The Percentage of drug released of plain atorvastatin calcium reached 41.49% while the formula ranged from 44.32 to 61.5%. Both XRD and SEM discussed the degree of crystallinity as follows: F1<F2<F4<F3<ATR. Conclusion: 0.3% of PEG 300 and PEG 400 were not enough to formulate proper nanocrystals while 0.75% tween 20 and tween 80 achieved acceptable formulas. F4 which is prepared with tween 80 exhibited the highest enhancement in saturated solubility, dissolution rate and subsequently expected to have improved oral bioavailability.

scholarly journals ENHANCED ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES GRISEOPLANUS L-ASPARGINASE VIA ITS INCORPORATION IN AN OIL-BASED NANOCARRIER

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
ABEER A. EL-HADI ◽  
HANAN MOSTAFA AHMED ◽  
RANIA A. ZAKI ◽  
AMIRA MOHAMED MOHSEN
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Ph Range

Objective: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is a vital enzyme used as a therapeutic agent in combination with other drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoma, melanosarcoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Immobilization of enzymes through loading on nanoemulsion (NE) results in some advantages such as enhancing their stability and increasing their resistance to proteases. Aim of the present study is to formulate L-asp loaded nanoemulsion to enhance its efficiency and thermal stability. Methods: Nanoemulsion loaded with L-asp crude extract (specific activity 13.23U/mg protein) was prepared employing oleic acid as oil, tween 20/tween 80 as surfactants and propylene glycol (PG) as co-surfactant. L-asp loaded NE underwent several thermodynamic stability studies and the optimized formulae were further examined for their biochemical properties and thermal stability. Results The developed formulations were spherical in shape and their sizes were in the nanometric dimensions with negatively charged zeta potential values. Upon comparing the enzyme activity of L-asp loaded NE employing tween 20 (F1) or tween80 (F4) at different concentrations, the results revealed that F4 NE showed higher enzymatic activity [323 U/ml] compared to F1 NE [197 U/ml] at the same concentration. The nanosized immobilized L-asp was more stable in the pH range from 8 to 8.5 as compared to free L-asp. The immobilized enzyme preserved about 59.11% of its residual activity at 50 °C; while free L-asp preserved about 33.84%. Conclusion: In the view of these results, NE composed of oleic acid, tween 80 and PG represents a promising dosage form for enhancing the activity and stability of Streptomyces griseoplanus L-asp.

scholarly journals Engineering and Economic Perspective in The Production of Cu Nano

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Annisa Yuliandini ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Break Even Point

The purpose of this study is to analyze the production of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on an industrial scale in an engineering perspective and economic evaluation perspective. Energy is needed because of various energy related applications. Evaluation of Cu nanoparticle production in an engineering perspective is carried out from the selection of processes that are adapted to industrial scale, calculation of mass balance, to the adjustment of commercially available equipment. Evaluation of production from an economic point of view is done by calculating economic parameters: Gross Profit Margin, Internal Return Rate, Payback Period, Cumulative Net Present Value, Profitability Index, and Break Even Point. Briefly from the production process, we use Copper acetate hydrate (CuAc2.2H2O) (as a source of Cu), Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene-(80)-sorbitan monooleate) and ethylene glycol (as a reducing agent). The engineering viewpoint shows this process is capable of producing Cu nanoparticles which can be used as conductive nanoionic. Economic evaluation determines the process is beneficial, discussing with positive values ​​all economic parameters. However, for some variations this process is not profitable, so economic evaluation is needed.

Studies on conidial germination and appressorium formation by Colletotrichum trifolii Bain & Essary

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Miehle ◽  
F. L. Lukezic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
Colletotrichum Trifolii ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Conidial germination of Colletotrichum trifolii was affected by concentrations of Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate). The highest rate of germination and appressorium formation was obtained in 0.083% Tween 20.Appressorium formation was more sensitive to temperature than was germination. The percentage of germinated spores which formed an appressorium was reduced when the spore suspensions were incubated for 24 h at incubation temperatures above 27 °C. Appressorium formation also was reduced when conidia were exposed, in culture or in suspension, to 35 °C for short periods. Similarly, germination was reduced with heat exposure, but at longer exposures than those necessary to reduce appressorium formation. Spores in suspension responded to a shorter heat exposure (4 h) than spores in culture.The reduced atmospheric CO2 level did not affect the amount of germination or appressorium formation. However, cell walls of appressoria produced in an atmosphere low in CO2 were thin-walled and without the brown pigment characteristic of normal appressoria.Protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and p-fluorophenylalanine) blocked both germination and appressorium formation. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors were either partially effective or ineffective and their mode of action in C. trifolii is unknown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document