scholarly journals How to perceive quantitative indicators when assessing research policies

Ergo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Otakar Fojt ◽  
Aleš Vlk
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Abstract The purpose of our contribution is to discuss shortcomings of purely descriptive quantitative evaluation of research policies – based either on inputs (public investment, number of researchers), or outputs (publications, number of patents). To give an example we compare selected indicators across Visegrad countries in the period between 2006 and 2015. We conclude that both quantitative and qualitative perspectives as well as societal and political context should be taken into account when the performance of any R&D system and the impact of public investments into a public R&D sector are scrutinized.

scholarly journals Performance of public R&D systems: Case study of Visegrad countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Aleš Vlk ◽  
Otakar Fojt ◽  
Jiří Stanzel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrád Countries

AbstractThe purpose of our contribution is to discuss shortcomings of purely descriptive quantitative evaluation of research policies – based either on inputs (public investment, number of researchers), or outputs (publications, EU grants, number of patents). To give an example, we compare selected indicators across Visegrad countries in the period between 2006 and 2015. We conclude that both quantitative and qualitative perspectives as well as societal and political contexts should be taken into account when the performance of any R&D system and the impact of public investments into a public R&D sector are scrutinized.

scholarly journals The Risk of Long-Term Financing of Public Investments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jarosiński ◽  
Benedykt Opałka
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Impact

The risk of financing of public investments is a phenomenon that accompanies development processes in a permanent manner. Investments in the public sector are generally characterized by relatively long implementation cycles and involve significant capital expenditure and the necessity of often parallel running a large number of investment projects. In the processes of this type of investment a specific risk category of financing of this type of investment is quite often taken into account, given that such projects are financed mainly from budgetary resources: the state budget and self-government budgets. Economic practice indicates an importance of the proper selection of the method of the financing of new investments and taking into account new funds from various sources. This situation is often the result of a shortage of budgetary resources from which public investments could be financed. There may be difficulties in financing investments resulting from the emergence of a risk of budgetary deficit and the public debt. This risk may have a negative impact on investment decisions and may adversely affect the future course of ongoing investment projects. The purpose of the paper is to undertake studies on the conditions of financing investments from the point of view of the possibility of budget deficit and public debt and the impact of changes in the financial situation on the overall level of risk of public investment. The text is an invitation to undertake a broader discussion on financing public investments in conditions of limited public financial resources.

INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS AND LOCAL PUBLIC INVESTMENTS IN RURAL CHINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (04) ◽  
pp. 899-916
Author(s):  
JIANGLI DOU ◽  
BING YE
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Local Public Goods ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we empirically investigate the impact of informal institutions on local public investment in rural China. We find that lineage groups have a significant effect on local public investment (per capita investment in irrigation, schools, roads, etc.): One clan is good for local public goods investment, while two or more clans in a village have a negative effect. The effect is increasing with the coverage of the largest clan. The evidence on religious groups is mixed.

scholarly journals A Second Order Diffusion Model with Application in Capital Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 89-123
Author(s):  
Luiz Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Public Company ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The initial project regarding the paper to be presented in the “Seminário internacional Papel do Estado no Século XXI: desafios para a gestão pública” promoted by the “Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (ENAP) e o Ministériodo Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão do Brasil (MP)”, was restricted to the last two topics, that is the impact of public investment on the higher education system and on the technological advances fostering the Brazilian agribusiness. Instead of writing an overview regarding the general higher education system and the agribusiness complex we selected two emblematic enterprises proving that making the right choices public investments have a very high return rate.Keywords: agribusiness, theory, higher education, economy, economic crisis, capital, scientific method, research method, scientific education, education, methodology, scientific research, science and technology, environment, scientist, public company, agriculture

scholarly journals Public Investment, Deficit Financing And Intertemporal Redistribution in a Long-Run Mcguire-Olson-Solow Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Laura Castellucci ◽  
Stefano Gorini
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Deficit Financing ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Impact

We investigate the impact on intertemporal distribution caused by a change of policy from tax to deficit financing of public investment, using a simple theoretical framework which combines the one-period McGuire-Olson economy with the conventional long-run Solow economy. This theoretical framework provides a simple way to highlight some significant interdependencies between private and public investments as well as the negative impact of taxation on aggregate productivity, and to trace some possible transmission mechanisms between deficit financing policies and the long-run path of consumption per head. The main tentative (theoretical) result is that although under fairly acceptable assumptions the likely impact of a deficit financing policy is to benefit the present at the expense of the future, under equally acceptable assumptions concerning the possibility of an excessive macro private saving–investment propensity, and/or of a significant productivity loss due to the excess burden of taxation, the adverse intertemporal distributional impact of deficit financing might become negligible, or even disappear altogether.

scholarly journals PUBLIC INVESTMENTS INCENTIVE FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH - CASE STUDY OF REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Florije Miftari ◽  
Besime Ziberi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Impact

The basic function of public finances is economic stability that implies the use of public finance instruments in order to stabilize economic cycles to achieve full employment, overall price stability, achieving an adequate rate of economic growth, a stable rate economic development.Governments to contribute to economic balances, job creation, and productivity growth tend to boost productive public spending by undertaking long-term activities in the sphere of public investment, namely public, health and education infrastructure, as well as in the sphere of research and development. Both theoretical and empirical studies conclude that public investment impacts on economic growth, represent an instrument of low growth, but their increasing effect is influenced by various factors such as economic circumstances, level of development the quality of governance, the efficient management of investment projects, the sectors in which it is invested, the capital fund, etc.The purpose of this paper is to research the short-term and long-term effects of public investments in the Republic of Northe Macedonia in economic growth. The analysis takes into account the data on the structure of public investment, gross domestic product for the time period 2008-2017. Using the multiple regression analysis OLS, we conclude that in the long run the impact of public investment on economic growth is symbolic given that a very small percentage of public expenditures for public infrastructure investments although Macedonia is characterized by a low capital public fund.

The Impact of Public Debt on GDP Growth – the Debt Multiplier in the Case of Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Dorjan Teliti ◽  
Adriatik Kotorri
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Practical Calculation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Impact

Debates about the level of public debt and their impact on the level of investment and the economy as a whole, are permanent due to the lack of an optimal level offered by economic literature. The recent banking financial crisis brought some EU countries with very high levels of public debt, beyond the maximum limits laid down in EU membership agreements. While in developing countries, public debt is part of the economic debates and has often caused political confrontation. Although with a lower public sensitivity compared to the level of investment, unemployment and the level of prices, public debt plays an important role in the proper performance of these parameters. Increasing or decreasing public spending and especially public investment directly affects the level of investments, employment, prices, production, etc. Public debt, for the most part, is used to finance these public investments. Put together, the level of public debt affects precisely these parameters. Specifically, the level of public debt directly influencing public investment (G) primarily affects the level of public and private investment (I), the level of employment, the level of consumption in an economy (C) and the level of production affecting the level of imports (I) and exports (X). All of the above parameters are part of the Gross Domestic Product or GDP. The public debt level impact analysis at the level of GDP is measured by the Keynesian public debt multipliers. It is precisely the simplified and practical calculation that this multiplier is the focus of this paper. The aim is to calculate the Keynesian public debt multipliers for Albania to analyze the efficiency of public debt utilization in recent years when it has been part of the debate because of its rise to high historical levels. The calculation of this Multiplier for the developed Western countries as well as the emerging countries of the region creates the possibility of a comparative analysis to have a more objective assessment of the efficiency of using public debt in function of the Albanian economy’s growth in the last 10 years.

scholarly journals Public Expenditure on Agriculture and its Impact

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-209
Author(s):  
Samuel Benin
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Food Staples ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines trends in public agricultural spending between 1961 and 2012 and disaggregates that spending into the cocoa and noncocoa sectors. The majority of total spending has gone into the cocoa subsector, while the noncocoa subsector, which includes all the country’s food staples, has been neglected. The government’s public spending on agriculture has fallen short of 10 percent of its total expenditure in most years since 1961, and in recent times the share has averaged only 2 to 3 percent, which is low even by African standards. The government has also spent relatively little on complementary investments in rural roads and other essential rural infrastructure. Econometric analyses then estimate the impact of public spending on agricultural productivity growth, insights into the marginal returns to public investments in the cocoa and noncocoa subsectors, and by type of public investment. This is followed by a discussion of some of the government’s recent attempts to promote noncocoa agricultural growth through several new subsidy and investment programs.

scholarly journals Financial Determinants of Public Investment Strategic Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Benedykt Opałka ◽  
Krzysztof Jarosiński
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Impact

Strategic management of investment projects in the public sector seems to be one of the more complex phenomena observed in the sphere of implementation of public investment tasks. The complexity of investment processes is influenced by a number of factors with varying impact. First of all, attention should be paid to the high capital intensity of public investment and the associated significant extension of the investment cycle. As a result of the impact of these factors, public investments in most cases require large capital expenditures, and their implementation takes much longer than, for example, in industry. Secondly, public entities responsible for the implementation of investments are in a quite specific situation, which means the continuous development of various components of technical and social infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate the strategic dimension of these investments and, consequently, the necessity to use appropriate methods of financing and managing these investments. In principle, the main source of financing public investment is, and probably will remain, the state budget, and in relation to local self-government - the budgets of these units, and therefore public resources. The purpose of the paper is therefore to present the complexity of the issue of financing public investments in relation to the identified conditions for the development of socio-economic infrastructure, financed from public funds. The study has undertaken theoretical research on public investment and research on the possibility of implementing effective management methods in strategic perspective.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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