scholarly journals Determination of lime tree (Tilia begonifolia Stev.) stems form based on quantitative parameters (Study area: Shafaroud forests of Guilan province, Iran)

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rasoul Nazari Sendi ◽  
Iraj Hassanzad Navroodi ◽  
Hassan Poorbabaei ◽  
Mohammad Sheikhkanlu Milan ◽  
Behzad Bakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Lime Tree ◽  
Guilan Province

Abstract The lime tree is one of the rare and valuable species that found in the Hyrcanian moist forests with economic as well as ecological value. Identification of the quantitative and qualitative features of this species is important. In order to investigate the stem form of this species in the Shafaroud forests of Guilan Province, 141 lime trees in 39 plots were analyzed during the four stages of small pole, pole, saw-timber, and maturity. In each plot, stem-diameter at different heights was measured by using the Spiegel Relaskop. Measurements and analyses included diameter at breast height( d.b.h.) and total height. Same parameters was calculated: stem form factor based on diameter, stem form factor based on volume, form quotient, slenderness factor, ratio of stem height to total height, ratio of stem volume to total volume, correlation, and coefficient of determination to describe stem form factor. The results showed that the average stem form factor based on diameter was 0.554. The average stem form factor based on volume was 0.576, average form quotient was 2.32 and slenderness factor was 35.04%. The average ratio of stem height to total height was 82.45. In addition the results indicated a strong relationship between diameter at breast height and trunk coefficient. The ratio of stem volume to total volume revealed that 64.44 of lime volume is located in the bottom half of the trunk. The value of the parameters described here is towards a better description of stand characteristics. Obtained results indicating stability for natural lime tree in Iran.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Mitsopoulos ◽  
A. P. Dimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Average Load

Allometric equations for the estimation of crown fuel weight of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) trees in the Mediterranean Basin were developed. Forty trees were destructively sampled and their crown fuels were weighed separately for each fuel category. Crown fuel components, both living and dead, were separated into size classes and regression equations that estimate crown fuel load by diameter class were derived. The allometric equation y = axb with diameter at breast height as the single predictor was chosen, because the addition of other parameters did not decrease the residual sum of squares significantly. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj) values were high (R2adj = 0.82–0.88) in all cases. Diameter at breast height was the most significant determinant of crown fuel biomass. The aerial fuels that are consumed during crown fires (i.e. needles and twigs with diameter less than 0.63 cm) comprised 29.3% of the total crown weight. Live fuels constituted ~96.3% of total crown biomass, distributed as follows: needles 16.7% (average load 12.07 kg), branches with 0.0–0.63-cm diameter 12.6% (average load 9.18 kg), 0.64–2.5-cm diameter 37.3% (27.99 kg), 2.51–7.5-cm diameter 25.4% (18.59 kg), and >7.5-cm diameter 3.7% (2.65 kg). The equations provide quantitative fuel biomass attributes for use in crown fire behaviour models, fire management and carbon assessment in Aleppo pine stands.

A geometrical tree volume model based on the location of the centre of gravity of the bole

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Forslund
Keyword(s):  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Diameter Measurement ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Geometrical Form ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Diameter Outside Bark

A tree bole model describing a geometrical form in between a paraboloid and cone "paracone" has been developed. The model is based on empirical evidence that the average centre of gravity of aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) boles without branches lies at 3/10 of the bole height from its base. Outside bark bole volume, V (cubic decimetres), can therefore be estimated nondestructively from the total height, H (metres), and the diameter outside bark, dK (centimetres), measured at a relative height, K, as follows:[Formula: see text]Based on a sample of 70 aspen stems, this equation estimates individual bole volume from total bole length or height and from a single diameter measurement, either at the 3/10 position or at the breast-height position, as accurately as Smalian's formula using seven diameter measurements. Based on the sample, the 3/10 position should be chosen over breast height wherever breast height lies below 20 or above 60% of the total height. It is important that care be taken in the measurement of the diameter due to the sensitivity of the volume equation to diameter variation. In addition to volume estimation, the paracone model provides a comparison profile around which stem form variation within and among species may be observed.

scholarly journals Unexplained Relationships of Height-Diameter of Three Tree Species in a Tropical Forest.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Tree Distance ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Bivariate Models

Associations between bivariate variables relative to the unexplained relationships of height-Dbh (diameter at breast height) models were investigated. Seven permanent sample plots measuring 40m by 250m at Omo Forest Reserve were used to assess the relationships between height and diameter at breast height of three tree species as affected by the variables of neighbouring trees. The result showed differences in the coefficient of determination of the bivariate models and multivariate models. The models arrived at for each of the species and for the bivariate models are: Scottelia coriaceae: Ht = 2.59 + 0.473D+ 0.0012D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.70) Sterculia rhinopetala: Ht = 5.96 + 0.467D+ 0.00296D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.77) Strombosia pustulata: Ht = 2.02 + 0.722D+ 0.00581D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤ 60cm (R2 = 0.81) Where both Ht and D are height and Diameter at breast height. While on the other hand the multivariate models that considered the effect of neighbouring trees are: Scottelia coriaceae: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 3.74 + 0.41x −1.14x + 0.205x +1.278x (R = 0.723) Sterculia rhnopetala: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.18 + 0.2601x +1.163x + 0.438x − 0.442x (R = 0.608) Strombosia pustalata: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.84 + 0.399x − 0.318x − 0.138x − 0.838x (R = 0.650) x1 = diameter at breast height, x2 = Mean neighbouring tree distance, x3 = Frequency of the neighbouring tree and x4 = Position of the crown.

scholarly journals Predicting Total Height from Diameter Using Nonlinear Models in Pinus roxburghii

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
TB Thapa ◽  
CP Upadhyaya ◽  
YP Timilsina ◽  
SK Bhandari ◽  
L Puri
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
Desirable Behavior

Height of the trees is not only used to estimate the product available from trees and to determine the productive capacity of the particular land but also used in forest management and research activities. In this research, predictability of total height from diameter at breast height for chir-pine (Pinus roxburghii) by using nonlinear models was examined. Total height and diameter at breast height of 180 trees were measured by using Suunto Clinometer and diameter tape respectively. The measured data were subjected to previously developed robust and strong statistical models, and evaluated by using different test statistics. Among those, H = e(-0.276) D0.925 explained the greatest proportion of variations of height (R2adj.=0.910) and minimum root mean square error (RMSE=1.221) and showed desirable behavior of flexibility and robustness. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 147-152 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8935

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PRIME COST OF LOGSET 5HP GT HARVESTER IN THINNING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guna PETAJA ◽  
Aldis BUTLERS ◽  
Modris OKMANIS ◽  
Agris ZIMELIS
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Increase Production Cost

Productivity of a harvester significantly affects costs of mechanized felling, which in turn determines, if commercial thinning will be profitable. The objective of this study is to estimate productivity and prime cost of Logset 5HP GT harvester with increased boom length (11 m), equipped with the TH45 felling head, in thinning. Trials are conducted in Latvia, eastern Vidzeme, in coniferous stands. To evaluate productivity of Logset 5HP GT, a time study was carried out. Influence of small trees (diameter at breast height < 8 cm) on productivity and harvesting cost was also determined. During the trials 2379 trees are harvested with the total stem volume of 400 m3. The diameter at breast height of an average harvested tree is 14 cm and volume of a stem – 0.171 m3. Duration of time study is 33.5 h. Obtained productivity rates of Logset 5HP GT are compared with those of John Deere 1070 D harvester. According to the study results average productivity of Logset 5HP GT harvester in thinning of coniferous stands is 13.85 m3 per productive work hour. Prime cost of harvesting of the Logset 5HP GT in thinning is 8.02 € m-3. Increased boom length allows to decrease the total time spent for driving in a stand by 71%. Harvesting of small trees reduces productivity by 6.9% and increase production cost by 2.1% in the experimental stands. Difference between productivity of Logset 5HP GT and John Deere 1070 D in similar conditions is statistically insignificant.

scholarly journals BIOMASS EQUATIONS FOR CAATINGA SPECIES

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Mayara Dalla Lana ◽  
Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira ◽  
José Antônio Aleixo da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Duda ◽  
Carlos Frederico Lins e Silva Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Biomass Equations ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Aspidosperma Pyrifolium ◽  
Mimosa Tenuiflora

EQUAÇÕES DE BIOMASSA PARA ESPÉCIES DA CAATINGA O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as proporções de fuste, galhos e folhas em relação a biomassa total seca acima do solo e ajustar modelos estatísticos para estimativa da biomassa das principais espécies arbustivo-arbóreas em uma área de Caatinga. O número de indivíduos abatidos e com a biomassa aérea total determinada foi de 15 para Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Mimosa tenuiflora, Poincianella bracteosa e, de 30 para Bauhinia cheilantha e Croton heliotropiifolius. Para ajuste dos modelos foram utilizados os dados de biomassa total seca acima do solo coletados como variável dependente e as variáveis independentes foram o diâmetro à altura do peito e a altura total dos indivíduos por espécie. Foram testados oito modelos para cada uma das espécies e para todas as espécies agrupadas. Para a seleção da melhor equação utilizou-se os tradicionais critérios estatísticos. As proporções de biomassa das espécies foram quantificadas, tanto para os seus compartimentos, quanto para o total e apresentaram uma grande variação entre espécies e indivíduos da mesma espécie. Equações de biomassa aérea seca foram ajustadas com boas estatísticas de precisão, podendo ser utilizadas para a sua estimativa de biomassa de maneira confiável em regiões de Caatinga.Palavras-chave: Análise de regressão, diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total. ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to determine the proportions of stem, branches and leaves in relation to total dry aboveground biomass and adjust statistical models to estimate the biomass of the main species in an area of Caatinga. The number of trees cut and with the determined total aboveground biomass was 15 for Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Mimosa tenuiflora, and Poincianella bracteosa, and 30 for Bauhinia cheilantha and Croton heliotropiifolius. The data of total dry aboveground biomass were used as dependent variables and the diameter at breast height and total height of individuals per species were used as the independent variables for adjusting the models. Eight models were tested for each species and for all grouped species. Traditional statistical criteria was used for selecting the best equation. The proportions of the species were quantified for both their biomass compartments and for the total biomass, showing great variation between species and individuals of the same species. Dry aboveground biomass equations were developed with good precision statistics and can therefore be used for estimating biomass in Caatinga regions.Keywords: Regression analysis, diameter at breast height, total height.

Modeling of aboveground tree stand-level biomass in Erukot Forest of Oban Division, Cross River National Park, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Bassey ◽  
S. Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Individual Trees

This research estimated aboveground tree stand level Biomass in Erukot Forest of Oban Division, Cross River National Park. A total of 872 individual trees were identified and measured for diameter at breast height and total height (dbh ≥ 5cm). The 872 individual trees spread across 51 species belonging to 25 different tree families. Simple random sampling was used with sampling intensity of 0.3% to lay 15 nested plots (7m x 7m, 25m x 25m and 35m x 35m). Diameter at breast height, total height and specific density of each wood species were used to determine aboveground biomass for each tree. Conversion factors were applied to estimate stand level green and dry biomass, sequestered carbon and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in the study area. Simple linear regression models were fitted into the stand level growth data for the forest (basal area and volume). The mean diameter at breast height and mean total height were 38.5cm and 18.5m respectively. Mean basal area of 39.8 m2 ha-1 was obtained with a mean volume of 177.3 m3 ha-1 . Average green biomass, dry biomass, carbon stock and carbon-dioxide emission of 521.8113 ton ha-1 , 341.5880 ton ha-1 , 183.196 ton ha-1 and 694.2067 ton ha-1 respectively were obtained in the study area. Stand level biomass model developed for the forest showed that common logarithm of volume per hectare is significantly related to common logarithm of stand biomass (R2 = 58%). The actual and predicted biomasses were not significantly different (Paired T-test at p ˂ 0.05). Estimated bias of 0.10% for the stand biomass model means that the developed model can be used to predict the aboveground biomass of the study area without any adjustment. The research has provided easy to use regression model for determining aboveground biomass at stand level. This is very useful for carbon trade and assessment of carbon-dioxide emissions through deforestation in the study area. The model is also a tool for assessing the wood productivity of the study area and for better management of the park. Keyword: Sequestered carbon, aboveground biomass, dry biomass, conversion factor

Equations for predicting sapwood area at crown base in southwestern Oregon Douglas-fir

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Taper Models

Two basic taper models were analyzed for their ability to predict sapwood area at crown base. Sapwood areas were estimated on stem cross sections by measuring sapwood radii on the longest and perpendicular to longest axes and by assuming conformity to an ellipse. These data were collected on 2 to 14 points along the stems of 72 Douglas-fir trees in southwestern Oregon. Across the range in diameter at breast height, total height, and height to crown base, quadratic–quadratic segmented polynomials (T. A. Max and H. E. Burkhart. 1976. For. Sci. 25: 283–289) provided more consistent monotonie taper from breast height to crown base than F. A. Bennett and B. F. Swindel models (1972. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SE-179). A model for predicting breast height sapwood area from only diameter at breast height, total height, and height to crown base is also presented.

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