scholarly journals Assessment of phenotypic plasticity of spruce species Picea abies (L.) Karst. and P. obovata (Ledeb.) on provenances tests in European North of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Elena Nakvasina ◽  
Nadezhda Demina ◽  
Nadezhda Prozherina ◽  
Natalia Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Spruce Stands

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity of 22 spruce provenances in three test plots located in the European North of Russia was studied. Parent spruce stands are located within the Russian Plain and are represented by Picea abies (L.) Karst., P. obovata (Ledeb.) and two introgressive hybrids. In the test plots located in the middle and southern taiga subzones P. abies provenances are tested northward of its distribution area and P. obovata provenances are tested within the distribution area and nearby its boundaries. phenotypic plasticity of the spruce provenances was assessed. Straight-line regression coefficient based on survival, diameter, and height was calculated. All provenances are divided into two groups: plastic and non-plastic provenances. High plasticity is observed more often for P. abies and hybrids forms with properties of P. abies. Plastic provenances based on three parameters grow in the Leningrad, Pskov, Vologda, Kostroma and Karelia. Area of parent stands growing is quite small-size and lies between 56º30´ – 61º40´ N and 30º30´ – 42º30´ E. Adaptive provenances of P. obovata and its related hybrids forms grow in the North-Eastern part of the Russian Plain that could be consequence of its distribution in Holocene. Picea abies being the more adaptive species would be more responsive to climate changes in terms of survival and growth rate than P. obovata. Therefore, in case of sustainable climate warming in the Northern areas of the Russian Plain, the further propagation and major distribution of P. abies with further competitive replacement of P. obovata can be expected.

scholarly journals Evaluation of survival and growth of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Picea obovata Ledeb. provenances in the north of Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Nakvasina Elena N ◽  
Demina Nadezhda A ◽  
Prozherina Nadezhda A
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
The North ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Adaptation variability and ecological plasticity in the “genotype-environment” system of 22 provenances of Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, Picea obovata (von Ledebour) and their introgressive hybrids growing within the Russian Plain were studied. Provenances grow in provenance trials located in the Arkhangelsk, Vologda Regions, and Komi Republic. For assessment of provenances in the “genotype-environment” system, the ranking method was used. Based on a complex ranking index (survival, diameter, height) two local areas of the most adaptive geographic races of P. abies, P. obovata and their hybrid forms were distinguished. In the south-western part of the Russian Plain the best provenances are represented by P. abies and related hybrids from Karelia, Vologda, Leningrad, and Pskov Regions. In the north-eastern part they are represented by P. obovata and its hybrids from the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk Regions. Provenances of local P. abies and related hybrid forms demonstrate high ecological plasticity on their growing in harsh climatic conditions of the north outside of the species distribution area.

scholarly journals Provenance experiment with spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea obovata (Ledeb.)) in the North of Russia (Arkhangelsk region)

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Nakvasina ◽  
Alexey G. Volkov ◽  
Nadezhda A. Prozherina
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Height ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Abstract This research presents the variability in the survival and growth for 27 provenances of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea obovata (Ledeb.)). All the tests were carried out in Russia, Arkhangelsk region, 62º 54’ N, 40º 24’ E, in the northernmost site of the State Geographic Network, established in 1977. For the research on the spruce provenances, standard methods for studying the geographic variation of the main forest-forming species were used. Growth rates of provenances were correlated with their geographical coordinates and climatic characteristics. Data was expressed in standard deviation units to select the best in growth provenances. Despite the significant differences in the location of the original stands (up to 12º N and 37º E), variability in survival, height and diameter is low (coefficient of variation is 12.2–19. 0%). Obtained data indicated that provenances’ growth is correlated on longitude of the location rather than on the latitude. Diameter and average height of provenances significantly depend on annual rainfall. The height of provenance is mostly dependent on the location of the initial habitats and their climatic characteristics. It is also related to the length of the growing season and the air temperature (annual average and in January). Groups of the provenances of the best and the worst growth were distinguished. The group of the best ones on the integral indicator (volume stand) includes provenances of the western origin represented by P. abies and its immediate hybrids – Karelia (3), Vologda (24), Leningrad (5), Pskov (7) and Moscow (29) Regions – and provenances of the eastern one represented by P. obovata – Komi (26) and Perm (38) Region. High plasticity of spruce (P. abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata (Ledeb.)), growing within the Russian Plain, in sufficiently favourable conditions of middle taiga subzone (Arkhangelsk Region, Russia) was proved.

Intraspecies and age polymorphism of Norway spruce (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.) in conditions of the Vologda region

10.12737/2177 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Дружинин ◽  
Fedor Druzhinin ◽  
Макаров ◽  
Yuriy Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
European North ◽  
Tree Descriptions ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Southern Taiga Subzone ◽  
Bark Structure

Objects of study are located in the southern taiga subzone of the European North and presented by spruce stands of wood sorrel types of site conditions with mixed stands. Lying of test areas was carried out in young stands, middle-aged, maturing and mature forests on the territory of Griazovets district of Vologda Region. Nature of bark structure at breast height, type of branching on twigs growing up in the middle of the crowns was determined. Processing of tree descriptions was performed on all study objects where 4 types of spruce were recorded by the nature of the structure of bark. By type of branches presence of three forms of spruce were defined.

scholarly journals Adaptation variability of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. x P. obovata (Ledeb.)) in the provenance test of the Arkhangelsk region.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Наквасина ◽  
И.А. Юдин ◽  
А.Г. Волков
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Provenance Test

Изучены сохранность и рост потомств ели Picea abies (L.) Karst. x P. obovata (Ledeb.), произрастающих в географических культурах в Архангельской области (62º 54´ с. ш., 40º 24´ в. д.), заложенных в России в рамках широкомасштабного эксперимента в конце 1970-х гг. В коллекции представлены 27 климатипов ели европейской, сибирской и их интрогрессивных гибридов из территории Русской равнины. Несмотря на то, что расстояние между пунктами произрастания исходных насаждений по широте составляет 12 град., по долготе – 32 град, изменчивость таких показателей, как сохранность, средние диаметр и высота, достаточно низкая (коэффициент изменчивости не превышает 20%). В расчетных показателях (объем ствола и запас) за счет комбинативности признаков она увеличивается до 38%. Не проявляются и различия между климатипами, сгруппированными по зонам/подзонам произрастания исходных насаждений. В пределах коллекции связь сохранности с географическими и климатическими характеристиками исходных насаждений не установлена. Наиболее зависима от факторов среды местности, в которой формировался климатип, высота, связанная с такими показателями, как восточная долгота, продолжительность вегетационного периода, среднегодовая температура и средняя температура января, годовое количество осадков и гидротермический коэффициент. Средний диаметр климатипов связан только с двумя последними показателями. Именно обилие осадков можно считать признаком, наследственно определяющим рост потомства ели. В результате, лучшим ростом и продуктивностью в подзоне средней тайги (Архангельская область) отличается ель европейская из зоны оптимума произрастания породы (районы с морским климатом). Рост потомства снижается при продвижении родины исходных насаждений к востоку, по мере возрастания континентальности климата и уменьшения количества осадков. При испытании потомства ели разного географического происхождения отмечены высокая пластичность породы и перспективность селекции локальных популяций. Studied the safety and growth of spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst. x P. obovata (Ledeb.)), growing in provenance test in the Arkhangelsk region (62º 54' N, 40º 24' E) incorporated in Russia as part of a large-scale experiment in the late 1970s.The collection includes 27 provenances of Norway spruce, Siberian and introgression hybrids of the territory of the Russian Plain. Despite the fact that the distance between the starting points of growth stands at a latitude of 12 degrees, longitude – 32 degrees, the variability of the safety indicators, the average diameter and height is quite low (the coefficient of variation does not exceed 20%).The settlement terms (the volume of a tree trunk and wood stock) by combinative signs it increases to 38%. Not shown and the differences between provenances grouped into zones/subzones growing source plants. Within the collection of significant correlation with safety geographical and climatic characteristics of the original plantings has not been established. The most dependent on environmental factors of the terrain, which was formed in climate, altitude, which is significantly associated with indicators such as east longitude, length of the growing period, the annual average temperature and the average temperature in January, the annual precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient. The average diameter of provenances associated only with the last two figures. That abundance of precipitation may be considered a sign, hereditary determinant of spruce growth. As a result, the best growth and productivity in the middle taiga subzone (Arkhangelsk region) is different from European spruce optimum breed growing areas (areas with a maritime climate). Offspring growth decreases with advancing homeland initial planting to the east, with increasing continental climate and reduce the amount of precipitation. When testing the offspring of spruce different geographical origin marked by high plasticity and perspective the breed selection of local populations

Vegetation structure of tundra and taiga on the map of the natural vegetation of Europe

2007 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Yurkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Starting Point

I have focused only on some features of structure in the taiga vegetation cover. In conclusion I would like to tell some words about the causes of complicated space structure of the taiga and tundra vegetation cover. The causes of latitudinal differentiation are climatic undoubtedly, but heterogeneity of vegetation cover within the limits of tundra and taiga subzones is accounted for different factors. In tundra abiogenic factors prevail, first of all the permafrost processes. That is the reason why tundra vegetation cover is so sensible to any disturbances and so hard regenerates after various transformations. In taiga the space structure is mostly the result of self-regulation and self- restoration of biota. The abiotic factors, certainly, play significant role, but they recede to the second plan. So we showed that in the north and middle taiga the structure of vegetation cover, during the Holocene up to present time, is determined in many respects by the increasing role of mires. Suffice it to look at the map of distribution of mires in order to estimate their role in vegetation cover of the easteuropean taiga (Yurkovskaya, 1980). So, the increase of mire area on the Russian Plain in m2/year per 1000 ha varies between 200 and 700, the average increas is ca 300—400 m2/year (Elina et all., 2000). The mires favour peniplenization and unite the separate areas of forest communities into the whole by means of forming the buffer paludificated territories (various hydrophilous variants of forest communities). But if mires, at all their stability, after destroying practically don't restore, the forests even after continuous cuttings restore their structure and composition through the series of successional stages unless an ecotope is damaged completely. Hence the space structure of taiga is the result, first of all, self development and self regulation of its vegetation cover. But, as it is known, at present time the process of destruction of natural biota has gone too far that the question arises not only about supporting its state and structure but also about the survival of the mankind itself. In this regard the vegetation map of Europe is the invaluable basis, which gives the starting point for all conservational, ecological and economical measures. But it is important to learn reading and using the map. And this is one of our actual goals.

scholarly journals A captorhinid-dominated assemblage from the palaeoequatorial Permian of Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rafel MATAMALES-ANDREU ◽  
Francesc X. ROIG-MUNAR ◽  
Oriol OMS ◽  
Àngel GALOBART ◽  
Josep FORTUNY
Keyword(s):  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Successful Group ◽  
Neighbouring Island

ABSTRACT Moradisaurine captorhinid eureptiles were a successful group of high-fibre herbivores that lived in the arid low latitudes of Pangaea during the Permian. Here we describe a palaeoassemblage from the Permian of Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), consisting of ichnites of small captorhinomorph eureptiles, probably moradisaurines (Hyloidichnus), and parareptiles (cf. Erpetopus), and bones of two different taxa of moradisaurines. The smallest of the two is not diagnostic beyond Moradisaurinae incertae sedis. The largest one, on the other hand, shows characters that are not present in any other known species of moradisaurine (densely ornamented maxillar teeth), and it is therefore described as Balearosaurus bombardensis gen. et sp. nov. Other remains found in the same outcrop are identified as cf. Balearosaurus bombardensis gen. et sp. nov., as they could also belong to the newly described taxon. This species is sister to the moradisaurine from the lower Permian of the neighbouring island of Mallorca, and is also closely related to the North American genus Rothianiscus. This makes it possible to suggest the hypothesis that the Variscan mountains, which separated North America from southern Europe during the Permian, were not a very important palaeobiogeographical barrier to the dispersion of moradisaurines. In fact, mapping all moradisaurine occurrences known so far, it is shown that their distribution area encompassed both sides of the Variscan mountains, essentially being restricted to the arid belt of palaeoequatorial Pangaea, where they probably outcompeted other herbivorous clades until they died out in the late Permian.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Distribution of PM2.5 and O3 and Their Interaction During the Summer and Winter Seasons in Beijing, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Youfei Zheng ◽  
Chen Li
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Spatial Trend ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in PM2.5 and O3, and explored their interaction in the summer and winter seasons in Beijing. To this aim, hourly PM2.5 and O3 data for 35 air quality monitoring sites were analyzed during the summer and winter of 2016. Results suggested that the highest PM2.5 concentration and the lowest O3 concentration were observed at traffic monitoring sites during the two seasons. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) different diurnal variation of PM2.5 was observed between the summer and winter seasons, with higher concentrations during daytime summer and nighttime winter. Diurnal variations of O3 concentrations during the two seasons showed a single peak, occurring at 16:00 and 15:00 in summer and winter, respectively. PM2.5 presented a spatial pattern with higher concentrations in southern Beijing than in northern areas, particularly evident during wintertime. On the contrary, O3 concentrations presented a decreasing spatial trend from the north to the south, particularly evident during summer. In addition, we found that PM2.5 concentrations were positively correlated (p < 0.01, r = 0.57) with O3 concentrations in summer, but negatively correlated (p < 0.01, r = −0.72) with O3 concentrations in winter.

Anglo-Dutch-American Enlightenment

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-266
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
North West ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
American Enlightenment ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Cultural Movement ◽  
North Western

This chapter studies cultural invention in light of the North-Western European cultural movement called Enlightenment. Enlightenment refers, in the first place, to a description by European intellectuals of what they took to be an advanced present state of moral and natural knowledge by comparison to that of the ancients. With related self-confidence, in the heyday of their empires, some described their culture as possessed of a dynamic modernity to be distinguished from the ‘oriental' lethargy and backwardness existing elsewhere. Yet Enlightenment also originated as European self-criticism. One context for that was the comparative perspective acquired by discovery of non-European cultures. In this and in other ways the origin of Enlightenment, including its ‘conviction that progress had become unstoppable', lies in the period when Renaissance and Reformation combined with printing and natural philosophy to establish the culture of the European North-West.

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