scholarly journals Species-Specific Features of Intraorganic Vascularization of the Tarsal Joint Capsule in Cattle and Canines

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Y. Nechiporuk ◽  
V. Novak ◽  
V. Dudka
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Tarsal Joint ◽  
Medial Surfaces ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract The comparative studies of the tarsal joint capsule of cattle (Bos taurus) and canines (Canis lupus) have clarified general patterns of the structural organization of a joint capsule and the species-specific features of its angioarchitectonics. The differences in the formation of the fibroelastic layer and the location of vascular fields in the cases of animals with different stances were established. The zones of intensive intraorganic vascularization of the joint capsule were revealed; that being—the plantar and dorsal surface in the case of cattle, the lateral and medial surfaces—in case of the canine.

scholarly journals Comparative morphofunctional and species-specific vascularization features of of the knee capsule of some mammals

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
V. Novak ◽  
O. Bevz ◽  
A. Melnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Domestic Horse ◽  
Articular Capsule ◽  
Medial Dorsal ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Plantar Area

The metabolic, reparative and plastic properties, as well as the functional activity of the multiorgan synovial environment of the knee joint, are organically and functionally related to their morphology and blood supply. The aim of our research was to determine the general biological and specific features of the structural organization and vascularization of the knee joint capsule in animals with different supports, locomotion and body weight. A complex of morphological research methods is used in this work: anatomical, histological, neurohistological. Used neurohistological method of impregnation in its own algorithm. The structural organization of synovial and fibrous capsule, histotopography of intraorganic vessels was studied on 43 objects of various groups of animals. The selection of animals was carried out according to the type of limb specialization to the substrate. Animals were taking into account the ecology, types of support, the nature of locomotion and the speed of movement – phalanoid animals – a domestic horse, a domestic bull and a finger animal – a domestic dog and a domestic cat. As a result of the complex comparative-morphological study the general patterns of the structural organization of the articular capsule, the general-biological and species-specific features of the angioarchitectonics and angiotopography were established. The zones of the most intense intraorganic vascularization and the topography of the vascular fields and glomeruli of the articular capsule are shown. The zones of intensive vascularization are localized: in the domestic bull – in the medial, dorsal, lateral parts, vascular glomeruli – in the lateral; in the domestic horse – in all parts of the capsule, vascular glomeruli – in the plantar area; in the domestic dog – in the medial, dorsal, plantar parts, vascular glomeruli – in the plantar area; in a domestic cat, the same type of angioarchitectonics is observed, the vascular fields and glomeruli are absent. The more intense angioarhitectonics in the capsule of the knee joint in phalanoid animals (horse, cattle) than in the finger (dog, cat) possibly due to the different nature of the support and type of locomotion, is determined. Key words: vascular fields, vascular glomeruli, angioarchitectonics, knee joint, joint capsule, domestic horse, domestic bull, domestic dog, domestic cat.

scholarly journals In Search of Species-Specific SNPs in a Non-Model Animal (European Bison (Bison bonasus))—Comparison of De Novo and Reference-Based Integrated Pipeline of STACKS Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) Data

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Sazia Kunvar ◽  
Sylwia Czarnomska ◽  
Cino Pertoldi ◽  
Małgorzata Tokarska
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Pcr Duplicates ◽  
Species Specific

The European bison is a non-model organism; thus, most of its genetic and genomic analyses have been performed using cattle-specific resources, such as BovineSNP50 BeadChip or Illumina Bovine 800 K HD Bead Chip. The problem with non-specific tools is the potential loss of evolutionary diversified information (ascertainment bias) and species-specific markers. Here, we have used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for genotyping 256 samples from the European bison population in Bialowieza Forest (Poland) and performed an analysis using two integrated pipelines of the STACKS software: one is de novo (without reference genome) and the other is a reference pipeline (with reference genome). Moreover, we used a reference pipeline with two different genomes, i.e., Bos taurus and European bison. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is a useful tool for SNP genotyping in non-model organisms due to its cost effectiveness. Our results support GBS with a reference pipeline without PCR duplicates as a powerful approach for studying the population structure and genotyping data of non-model organisms. We found more polymorphic markers in the reference pipeline in comparison to the de novo pipeline. The decreased number of SNPs from the de novo pipeline could be due to the extremely low level of heterozygosity in European bison. It has been confirmed that all the de novo/Bos taurus and Bos taurus reference pipeline obtained SNPs were unique and not included in 800 K BovineHD BeadChip.

Skin and bone: observations of dingo scavenging during a chronic food shortage

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Prey Remains

Dingo (Canis lupus dingo and hybrids) diet studies primarily rely on analyses of prey remains found in stomachs or scats (i.e. faeces). However, dingoes are also scavengers, and doubt may remain as to whether or not a given item found in a stomach/scat was killed or scavenged. This paper briefly reports some incidental observations of dingoes scavenging cattle (Bos taurus), red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), wedge-tailed eagles (Aquila audax), and other dingo carcasses during a chronic food shortage. This confirms that diet studies may not be evidence for predation, and that dietary items collected during a discrete period may not actually reflect the period when the item died.

scholarly journals Midsagittal Brain Variation among Non-Human Primates: Insights into Evolutionary Expansion of the Human Precuneus

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia Pereira-Pedro ◽  
James K. Rilling ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Todd M. Preuss ◽  
Emiliano Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Species Specific

The precuneus is a major element of the superior parietal lobule, positioned on the medial side of the hemisphere and reaching the dorsal surface of the brain. It is a crucial functional region for visuospatial integration, visual imagery, and body coordination. Previously, we argued that the precuneus expanded in recent human evolution, based on a combination of paleontological, comparative, and intraspecific evidence from fossil and modern human endocasts as well as from human and chimpanzee brains. The longitudinal proportions of this region are a major source of anatomical variation among adult humans and, being much larger in Homo sapiens, is the main characteristic differentiating human midsagittal brain morphology from that of our closest living primate relative, the chimpanzee. In the current shape analysis, we examine precuneus variation in non-human primates through landmark-based models, to evaluate the general pattern of variability in non-human primates, and to test whether precuneus proportions are influenced by allometric effects of brain size. Results show that precuneus proportions do not covary with brain size, and that the main difference between monkeys and apes involves a vertical expansion of the frontal and occipital regions in apes. Such differences might reflect differences in brain proportions or differences in cranial architecture. In this sample, precuneus variation is apparently not influenced by phylogenetic or allometric factors, but does vary consistently within species, at least in chimpanzees and macaques. This result further supports the hypothesis that precuneus expansion in modern humans is not merely a consequence of increasing brain size or of allometric scaling, but rather represents a species-specific morphological change in our lineage.

scholarly journals Polyploidy as a chromosomal component of stochastic noise: variable scalar multiples of the diploid chromosome complement in the invertebrate species Girardia schubarti from Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. F. Benya ◽  
A. M. Leal-Zanchet ◽  
J. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Stochastic Noise ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Geometric Progressions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Chromosome stoichiometry, a form of genetic plasticity, specifically refers to variation in the standard diploid genomic composition of an individual or species. In the present work, freshwater planarians (Girardia schubarti) were analyzed to recognize variations in chromosomal stoichiometry especially of complete ploidal change between specimens, within specimens and between cells within specimens and any relations they might have with selected components of phenotypic plasticity. Homoploid polyploids for the group reached rational scalar multiples (e.g. tetraploids) or irrational scalar multiples (e.g. triploids). Karyotypic mosaics emerged where individual cells presented polyploid multiples in arithmetic and geometric progressions. Ploidal multiplicity, a chromosomal component of stochastic noise, had positive phenotypic effects (increased dimensions) on morphologic criteria of body length, body width and dorsal surface reflecting a significant genotypic plasticity (GP) and robust phenotypic plasticity (PP). Variable but significant association of genotypic plasticity with robust phenotypic variance suggests kinetics of phenotypic homeostasis that is species-specific permitting phenotypic adaptability to environmental variables by means of GP. That association is diminished, deactivated or lost in more advanced and more complex organisms.

Comparative studies on species-specific reactivity between renin and angiotensinogen

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihisa Hatae ◽  
Eriko Takimoto ◽  
Kazuo Murakami ◽  
Akiyoshi Fukamizu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Specific Reactivity ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF GIARDIA MURIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Adhesive Disc ◽  
Medial Surfaces ◽  
Dorsal Portion ◽  
Giardia Muris

Giardia is a noninvasive intestinal zooflagellate. This electron microscope study demonstrates the fine structure of the trophozoite of Giardia muris in the lumen of the duodenum of the mouse as it appears after combined glutaraldehyde and acrolein fixation and osmium tetroxide postfixation. Giardia muris is of teardrop shape, rounded anteriorly, with a convex dorsal surface and a concave ventral one. The anterior two-thirds of the ventral surface is modified to form an adhesive disc. The adhesive disc is divided into 2 lobes whose medial surfaces form the median groove. The marginal grooves are the spaces between the lateral crests of the adhesive disc and a protruding portion of the peripheral cytoplasm. The organism has 2 nuclei, 1 dorsal to each lobe of the adhesive disc. Between the anterior poles of the nuclei, basal bodies give rise to 8 paired flagella. The median body, unique to Giardia, is situated between the posterior poles of the nuclei. The cytoplasm contains 300-A granules that resemble particulate glycogen, 150- to 200-A granules that resemble ribosomes, and fusiform clefts. The dorsal portion of the cell periphery is occupied by a linear array of flattened vacuoles, some of which contain clusters of dense particles. The ventrolateral cytoplasm is composed of regularly packed coarse and fine filaments which extend as a striated flange around the adhesive disc. The adhesive disc is composed of a layer of microtubules which are joined to the cytoplasm by regularly spaced fibrous ribbons. The plasma membrane covers the ventral and lateral surfaces of the disc. The median body consists of an oval aggregate of curved microtubules. Microtubules extend ventrally from the median body to lie alongside the caudal flagella. The intracytoplasmic portions of the caudal, lateral, and anterior flagella course considerable distances, accompanied by hollow filaments adjacent to their outer doublets. The intracytoplasmic portions of the anterior flagella are accompanied also by finely granular rodlike bodies. No structures identifiable as mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, lysosomes, or axostyles are recognized.

PCR Identification of Beef, Sheep, Goat, and Pork in Raw and Heat-Treated Meat Mixtures

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL A. RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
TERESA GARCÍA ◽  
ISABEL GONZÁLEZ ◽  
LUIS ASENSIO ◽  
PABLO E. HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Identification Analysis

A PCR assay has been developed for the specific and qualitative detection of pork ( Sus scrofa domesticus), beef ( Bos taurus), sheep ( Ovis aries), and goat ( Capra hircus) in raw and heat-treated meat mixtures. A forward common primer was designed on a conserved DNA sequence in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA), and reverse primers were designed to hybridize on species-specific DNA sequences of each species considered. The different sizes of the species-specific amplicons, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed clear species identification. Analysis of experimental meat mixtures demonstrated that the detection limit of the assay was 1% (wt/wt) for each species analyzed. This assay can be useful for the accurate identification of these species, avoiding mislabeling or fraudulent species substitution in meat mixtures.

Identification of land predators of African Penguins Spheniscus demersus through post-mortem examination

Ostrich ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372
Author(s):  
Ralph ET Vanstreels ◽  
Nola J Parsons ◽  
Cuan McGeorge ◽  
Renata Hurtado ◽  
Katrin Ludynia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin ◽  
Species Specific

The African Penguin Spheniscus demersus is an endangered seabird endemic to southern Africa, and killing sprees by terrestrial predators have been one of the main threats for its mainland colonies. The methods employed to manage predators may differ depending on the species involved, therefore the implementation of strategies to limit the impacts of predation relies on the correct identification of the culprit predator. We report and quantify the lesions seen in African Penguins killed by four species of terrestrial predators: Caracal Caracal caracal (52 kills), Leopard Panthera pardus (27 kills), Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris (10 kills), and Cape Grey Mongoose Galerella pulverulenta (4 kills). We discuss patterns of necropsy findings that can be used to identify the predator species involved. Traditional forensic methods are useful tools to direct species-specific management actions for the conservation of the African Penguin and other seabirds so that effective mitigating measures can be deployed quickly to prevent further losses. It should be borne in mind, however, that the age, size and previous hunting experience of the predator are likely to influence the pattern of lesions that will be observed, and not all carcasses will have hallmark lesions or recognisable bite marks.

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