scholarly journals Can We Abandon a Traditional Irrigation in the Ouakda Oasis (Algeria)?

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Boualem Remini ◽  
Cherif Rezzoug
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Traditional Irrigation ◽  
Oasis Agriculture

Abstract Can we abandon traditional irrigation to the detriment of modern irrigation in the oasis of Ouakda? This is the question we pose in this study. Indeed, based on three missions carried out in the oasis of Ouakda during the years 2013, 2015 and 2016, we made visits and investigations to ancestral works as well as surveys of the local population. The results indicate that the Ksourian population irrigated the gardens and the palm grove by surface and underground water. Two ancestral dams made on the Bechar River for irrigation the gardens of the lower part. On the other hand, the foggaras irrigated the upper part of the palm grove. Today, new land has been built on the upper part of the palm grove. Thanks to new hydraulic techniques such as drilling and motor pumps, modern agriculture has developed on the other side of the palm grove to the detriment of oasis agriculture.

Handling Foreign Fighters

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-172
Author(s):  
Vera Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
International War ◽  
Foreign Fighters

There are several major benefits foreign fighters, and only foreign fighters, can offer armed groups. They have knowledge and experience that the local population does not have and have connections in the international war industry. Usually they are more dedicated to their goals. Foreigners are better at raising funds in their home communities and thus provide armed groups with additional source of income. Finally, they can be successfully used by armed groups for propaganda purposes. On the other hand, it is much harder for the leaders of an armed group to manage foreigners versus locals. First, foreign fighters often do not speak the local language and are not familiar with the terrain. Second, they could have problems with the locals. Third, their presence in the group could decrease overall group cohesion. Fourth, they could be recruited as spies by foreign intelligence agencies more easily than locals. And finally, foreign fighters often joined the conflict with different motives than those of local fighters, which could lead to differences in combat strategy and tactics.

scholarly journals Cycling along a River: New Access, New Values?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9311
Author(s):  
Matthieu Adam ◽  
Marylise Cottet ◽  
Sylvie Morardet ◽  
Lise Vaudor ◽  
Laure Coussout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Lake Geneva ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Relationship

The ViaRhôna is an 815 km cycle route running along the Rhône River from Lake Geneva to the Mediterranean Sea. We examine the influence of this type of cycle route on the relationship between route users (including the local population, itinerant cyclists and foreign tourists) and the river landscapes. This relationship is approached from the angle of the use of the riverbanks as well as the perceived image, the value, and the knowledge associated with the river and its landscapes. Our survey based on interviews (n = 16) and questionnaires (n = 546) produced the following results. The features of the cycle route and the related activities that it makes possible drain a special segment of the population that, in spite of its diverse sociological composition, shares similar tastes. The creation of the cycle route has led to an increase in use of the riverbanks both by tourists and local people. The experience that it offers contributes to enhancing the value that users place on the river. This is due to a change in the image of the river following the (re)discovery of its natural environments. On the other hand, knowledge of one’s natural environments is not modified. These results raise the question of possible changes in the degree to which users support policies targeting the preservation and restoration of the river.

The Franciscans in New Mexico, 1692-1754: Toward a New Assessment

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Jim Norris
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pueblo Revolt ◽  
Franciscan Order ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Civil Government

Scholars who have studied the Franciscan effort in New Mexico during the Spanish colonial epoch have generally posited that the watershed event in the missionary program was the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Thus, the periodization for the Order's evangelical effort has been structured in two parts: pre-1680 and post-reconquest (1692-1821). One need only compare Fray Alonso de Benavides's glowing description of his brethren's work in the region in 1630 with that of Fray Silvestre Vélez de Escalante's harsh rebuke to the friars in 1777 to realize fundamental changes had occurred in the missionization process. Benavides's Franciscans are ardent, ascetic, and capable missionary priests. Consequently, prior to 1680, the Franciscan Order, in what the Spanish called the Kingdom of New Mexico, was able to maintain a high degree of authority, power, and prestige especially in regard to its relations with the local population and civil government. On the other hand, the missionaries condemned by Escalante are complacent, contentious idlers. While there are a dearth of studies on the post-1692 Franciscans, historians who have ventured into the era suggest a significant erosion in the quality and dedication of the later missionaries. The conclusion, then, is that these less committed friars were at least partially responsible for the decline of the Order's position within the Kingdom.

scholarly journals Cultural indicators of tourism sustainability in Serbian spas

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Pavlovic ◽  
Marija Belij
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Green Zone ◽  
The One ◽  
Overnight Stays

This paper analyses cultural indicators, one of five groups of comparative indicators of sustainable tourism, defined and suggested to the European Commission by a team of experts. The group of cultural indicators includes indicators such as the ratio of accommodation capacities to the number of population, and tourism intensity and they show the level of preservation of local population identity. The statistical data from the last four census year were used in the analysis of cultural indicators of tourism sustainability in spa settlements in Serbia. The ratio of accommodation capacities to the number of local population can be defined as favourable in most spas (green zone), since there is no intensive tourist construction (apart from illegal construction), while the tourism intensity based on the example of Serbian spa settlements points at very unfavourable situation, since in all four census years the recorded, the results are in the red zone, i.e. on the one hand, there is a relatively low number of local population and on the other hand, there is a high number of overnight stays.

scholarly journals TWO POLES OF ETHNIC IDENTITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF THE YAROSLAVL REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-66
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Emelyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Former Ussr

This article examines the features of the types of ethnic identity of university students in the Yaroslavl region. The author points out the insufficient effectiveness of the current policy of fostering tolerance and interethnic friendship. The processes of globalization and leveling of the national self-awareness of ethnic groups taking place in the modern world, on the one hand, and the growing need to preserve ethnic culture, on the other hand, are to a certain extent manifested in the example of university youth in one of the regions of Central Russia. The study of the features of this problem was carried out by the author on the basis of a questionnaire survey of about 900 students using domestic methods. The research results are grouped into six types: ethnonihilism, ethnic indifference, positive ethnic identity, ethno-egoism, ethno-isolationism, ethnophanaticism. The geographical approach allows us to see some qualitative differences in relation to a number of the questions raised among students representing more than 40 peoples of Russia, the republics of the former USSR, foreign Asia, Africa, and foreign Europe. A certain emphasis is placed on identifying one of the negative manifestations in the youth environment - ethnofanaticism among Azerbaijani, Armenian, Kazakh, Russian, Tajik, and Turkmen students. The polarity of the studied phenomena of ethnonihilism and ethnophanaticism is compared, first of all, using the example of russian and tajik youth. Attention is drawn to the desire to preserve the foundations of life in an unchanged form with a noticeable role of Islam among tajik students. On the other hand, among the russian respondents, ethnicity is not so actualized, it is close to western cultural norms. In the context of the mosaic nature of the information space, contacts with multilingual peers receiving education at the universities of the Yaroslavl Upper Volga region, interethnic attitudes and stereotypes are consolidated for subsequent adulthood. The formation of a positive ethnic identity in the host of migrants with educational, labor goals of the local population is an urgent need.

scholarly journals Dari Kebutuhan Menjadi Ancaman: Ironi Penduduk Pendatang di Kota Balikpapan 1970 – 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Akhmad R. Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forestry Industry ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

This article attempts to portray the migration of newcomers into East Kalimantan province during the height of economic growth fostered by the oil and gas and forestry industry. During the decades of 1970-2000, Balikpapan received significant amount of inmigration as a result of labor demand. Since 2010, the municipality had started to apply stringent requirements to immigrants to the city. The dilemma of labor demand and the pressure immigration causes to the needs of the urban citizens has turned this into an irony. On the one hand, the presence of laborers was needed for the petroleum and forestry industry, but on the other hand, their presence has resulted in friction with the local population.

Humanitarian Principles and Protection Dilemmas: Addressing the Security Situation of Aid Workers in Darfur

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline R. Eckroth
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Security Training

The changing nature of armed conflict has resulted in increased need to safeguard civilians, including humanitarian personnel, which is reflected in the emerging protection of civilians agenda. This article considers the security of aid workers in Darfur. Specifically, it examines to what extent the traditional principles of humanitarian action provide security for humanitarian personnel. By performing a within-case analysis, this study portrays the humanitarian workers’ own perspective of the micro-dynamics of security in Darfur. It argues that neutrality, impartiality and independence provide protection and are pivotal for humanitarian security in Darfur. However, these principles do not protect against all threats and needs to be supplemented by other strategies such as protective walls, unarmed guards and barbed wire. On the other hand, relying too heavily on such measures may diminish security as aid workers are alienated from the local population. This is because proximity to the population is perceived as the most important measure for security. In addition, this article suggests that mandatory security training for all humanitarian personnel working in the field would greatly increase the security situation and their ability to protect themselves.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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