Research of municipal public policy in Sevastopol: index assessment, problems, recommendations

The article presents the results of a sociological study of municipal public policy conducted in the federal city of Sevastopol in 2020. Methodologically, the study was based on an index approach based on the participation of different groups of local experts and specialists in the process of evaluating the work of institutions and mechanisms, as well as the activities of public policy actors. According to the obtained index assessment of the state of public policy in the municipal districts of Sevastopol, we can talk about an almost consolidated type of public policy, when the estimated positions of two groups of respondents (representatives of municipal authorities, small and medium-sized businesses) are consolidated, and the indices of employees of municipal unitary enterprises and the NGO community differ slightly from them. From the point of view of the characteristics of the institutional status of local public policy, the highest scores in solidarity with all groups of respondents given the quality of the functioning of national harmony and tolerance of religions and faiths, of institutions, municipal elections and education. Institutions for the protection of private and municipal property, as well as the functioning of a website for collecting proposals from residents of the city, received solidly low ratings. And the worst rating is given to healthcare institutions. From the point of view of the subject cross-section of municipal public policy in the municipal districts of Sevastopol, there is a more pessimistic assessment of the activities of subjects and actors on the part of local authorities and employees of municipal unitary enterprises. Representatives of the NGO community and, to a lesser extent, business gave more optimistic assessments. The development of the subject potential of participants in public interaction in the city will require targeted program work to improve the skills of local self-government entities, to resolve the problems of redistribution of powers between the state bodies of Sevastopol and the authorities of municipalities and to provide the latter with financial resources, to transfer property to municipalities.

Youth unemployment in the regions as the most important socio-economic problem

Currently, one of the most important socio-economic problems in the world is youth unemployment. Many scientists are engaged in the analysis of this problem, it is considered in the UN Development Programs, the last of which noted that today the world is home to the largest number of young people in the history of mankind. An important issue is the definition of the essential characteristics of the concept of “youth”, since at present there is no single international definition of the age group of young people. For statistical purposes, the age limits for young people are set by the UN Convention and are 15–24 years old. In Russia, before the adoption of the Federal Law “On Youth Policy in the Russian Federation” in 2020, the population aged from 16 to 30 years was considered young, and after the adoption of the Law – from 14 to 35 years. Rosstat annually analyzes the age groups of the population by various parameters: number, education, employment, unemployment, etc., and also calculates indicators, including the level of youth unemployment, the ratio of the level of youth unemployment to the level of unemployment among the adult population. An important aspect of the analysis is the regional level. In many regions of Russia, the situation on the labor market due to the coronavirus pandemic is characterized by instability. It is noted that at the end of 2020, the unemployment rate increased in 82 regions and the highest rates in Ingushetia, the Chechen Republic, and the Republic of Tyva. The problem of modern society is a large proportion of young people who do not study and do not work. Young people have great potential, but despite this, they are experiencing difficulties in finding employment, as a result, the number of NEET youth who are exposed to social exclusion and poverty is growing. The European program “Youth in Action” addresses the problems of young people through the interaction of labor markets and educational services. An important factor that reduces youth unemployment is education.

Features of professional self-determination of gifted schoolchildren in the conditions of additional education

The current situation in the education system requires a revision of the content of work with such a non-standard category as gifted children. Many scientists are aware of the importance of gifted and talented children as the future scientific elite and the engine of the country's progress. Most studies identify a number of difficulties in the social development of the gifted, including the difficulties of communicating with peers and adults, the complexity of personal self-determination, and often the difficulty of professional self-determination. In this regard, the study of issues of professional selfdetermination is seen as an urgent problem that requires psychological and pedagogical consideration. As practice shows, most organizations of additional education have successful and interesting experience in working with gifted children, who later turn out to be prize-winners and winners of the olympic and competitive movement. In 2019– 2020 we conducted a study in which 156 students of senior school age took part. With the help of a questionnaire, we studied and identified the features of professional selfdetermination of gifted high school students in the conditions of additional education organizations in the city of Kostroma (Multi-subject school for the gifted) and St. Petersburg (Academy of talents). In addition, we have revealed some influence of the chosen programs of additional education on the professional choice of young people. The results of the study have shown that additional education plays an important role in the professional self-determination of gifted students, and there is a certain relationship between the profile of future professional activity and the choice of a particular association in organizing additional education.

Development of social creativity in the system of additional education: research and analysis of effective practice

The article presents definite practices of preparing the children of Kostroma region for a future successful life, forming their life and professional self-determination, social communication, activity and initiative through development of social creativity in institutions of additional education. The relevance of systematic work in this direction is caused by the needs of Kostroma region and other regions to preserve and multiply intellectual, creative, and leadership potential. A wide spectrum of educational activities focusing on social and humanitarian purposes creates conditions for development of life and professional self-determination of modern youth, for social communication, initiative, and activity. The state budgetary institution of additional education of the Kostroma region “Dvorets tvorchestva (Palace of creativity)” has rich traditions of development of social creativity. The article reveals the educational feature of the additional general educational program of children's creative associations, in which each project regardless of its purpose provides every student with the opportunity to carry out social tests, choose their own niche of social reality, and make adjustments to their life plans. In the educational activities of most children's creative associations of the Dvorets tvorchestva (Palace of creativity) not only the acquisition of knowledge and skills on the subject is carried out, but also the conditions for the manifestation of initiative, activity, creativity, leadership position are being created. At the same time, much attention is paid to creating a developing environment, strengthening motivation for the subject, identifying and activating internal resources of students. As experience shows that the preparation of children for a future successful life depends on the presence of relationships in the staff of the institution which actualizes creative activity in social and humanitarian activities.

State policy of counteraction to terrorism in the Russian Federation: aspects of its implementation in educational organizations

The article presents the results of a sociological study that examined the regional features of the prevention of terrorism in educational institutions. As part of the study, a questionnaire and a series of in-depth interviews were conducted among students of leading universities in Yaroslavl, and a survey of positional experts (FSB, Ministry of internal affairs) was conducted. In addition, a secondary analysis of data from the judicial department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal state statistics service of Russia, and the Prosecutor General's office of the Russian Federation was carried out. It is revealed that the law enforcement agencies in the city and the security system in universities, schools and kindergartens can effectively ensure security in Yaroslavl. The universities have a plan that defines the procedure for carrying out early and urgent evacuation. Video surveillance and round-the-clock video recording are constantly conducted, and access control is organized in the educational buildings. Periodically, there is a readiness check (there is a sound signal, etc.). It was found that the YAGPU curators (mentors) of the groups periodically talk about the prevention of terrorism, especially after the tragedy in Kazan. In particular, they explain what to do when taking buildings by terrorists, how to behave when taking people hostage, what to do if an explosion occurred, how to behave when blocked, the procedure for detecting suspicious objects in the building (territory), in addition, explain the signs that may indicate the presence of explosive devices. Students pointed out that a number of faculties employ teachers who at one time served in the internal troops of the Ministry of internal affairs of the Russian Federation and served in the criminal investigation department. Measures are proposed to improve the effectiveness of identifying, preventing and eliminating the causes of illegal entry into university facilities and their territories, localization and neutralization of the consequences.

Professional orientation of students in the Center of additional education

In modern socio-cultural conditions, the problem of vocational guidance is very relevant. This is especially true for institutions of additional education. The concept for the development of additional education for children considers the development of the sphere of non-formal and additional education as the basis for professional selfdetermination, orientation and motivation of adolescents and youth to participate in innovative activities in the field of high technologies and industrial production. The transition from a post-industrial economy to a digital one, the accelerating transformation of labor markets and employment structures determine the demand for new content of additional education. It should be aimed at developing demanded modern competencies, building a new system of professional and personal selfdetermination of students. The article touches upon such issues as the interpretation of the concept of "vocational guidance", the history of the formation of vocational guidance work, outlined modern approaches to the organization of vocational guidance in the institution of additional education. The educational resources of the Center for technical creativity of the city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region, are described, the purpose of the creation and implementation of which is the formation of softskills ("soft skills") and self-determination of students. The article also discusses such an area of activity as professional networking. The issues of work with social partners of an educational organization, implementation of a practice-oriented approach in education were touched upon. This article analyzes the results of a questionnaire survey of students of the Center for technical creativity in the city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region and their parents, concerning the motivation of children to engage in additional education. 450 respondents took part in the survey. Conclusions are made about the relevance and necessity of career guidance activities in the institution of additional education.

Economic and statistical analysis of russian regions' environmental and economic activity localization

Currently, many scientists and economists write about the seriousness of global environmental problems, paying great attention to the interdependence of ecology and economic development. The ecological situation in the regions of Russia directly depends on the impact of economic sectors on the environment. At the same time, the important features of a sustainable economy are the efficient use of natural resources, reduction of environmental pollution, low carbon emissions, etc. The study of the ecological situation requires constant updating of materials, the identification of new patterns of development. This study is a comprehensive analysis of the localization of the ecological and economic activity of Russian regions. In the process of processing the materials, official statistical data on the state of the social, economic and ecological subsystems of the regions were used. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify a number of patterns in the distribution of Russian regions, taking into account the localization of environmental and economic activity. To form virtual groups of regions, homogeneous in terms of the totality of indicators characterizing the ecological and economic activity of Russian regions, we used cluster analysis, which is a research method that allows for a multidimensional grouping of objects. As a result, observations are depicted by groups of points in geometric space, called clusters. By analyzing the dendrogram, the regions of the country are divided into a certain number of clusters. Since clustering by the K-means method does not automatically rank clusters, they are sorted by the sum of normalized indicators, and the higher the value of the sum of these indicators, the more unbalanced the cluster is. The use of this method has been widely reflected in the study of the problems of socioeconomic development of regions.

The relationship between the categories of “political culture” and “electoral behavior” in european political thought

This article is devoted to identifying the interrelationship and interdependence of political culture and electoral behavior in the concepts of European political researchers. The methodology of the study is based on the assumption that electoral behavior is a comprehensive political and legal indicator of the level and nature of political culture. The following methods of research are used: systemic analysis, chronological analysis of scientific concepts on the topic of research, analysis of factors that affect the dynamics of political consciousness and electoral behavior. As a result of the study of scientific approaches on the topic of the article, it was revealed that the methodology for studying the dynamics of political processes is now in the active development stage and is constantly replenished with new research hypotheses. It is shown that in chronologically early concepts, moral and ethical ideas, traditions, customs and religion come first in the structure of political consciousness. This circumstance is associated with the high role of traditional and religious factors in the consciousness and life of all societies until the beginning of the 20th century. It is argued that at the present stage of post-industrial development, the model of electoral behavior preferred for Western European researchers is the model of a targeted voter, which involves the sustainability and clarity of political values and preferences, normative oriented political behavior, as well as the "habit" of critically analyzing the programs and speeches of public leaders and parties for their usefulness for the voter. At the same time, this model still remains quite abstract and difficult to implement in electoral practices, since its implementation is hindered by irrational political archetypes, symbols, myths - components of the political consciousness of modern man.

Spatial approach to the study of social development and the formation of noonomics in the regions of the Russian Federation

Noonomics in the concept of the noosphere in its origin involves the formulation of theoretical and methodological prerequisites for inclusion in the structure of economic knowledge, both in engineering and in digital economics. One of them can be a spatial approach based on the concept of multidimensional and multilevel economic space. Based on the above, the authors define the purpose of the article as the institutionalization of the conceptual representation of noonomics with the use of the approach and the development of the methodology of noonomical research. The novelty of the work is the revealed specificity of the hierarchical structure of the three-level economic space based on the use of reproduction-level meta-system analysis. The history of the development of the definition of the content of the concept of “system” will soon celebrate its centenary, at the same time, a paradigm system concept has not yet been created. There is an evolution of the concept of system, including the ontological, gnostic, and epistemological meaning of the concept. Without setting the search criteria for distinguishing between certain systems, only one type of system was chosen for the analysis out of all their huge set – the economic system. We have defined the content of the concept of "economic system" in the sense that will allow us to use it in the future when including economic systems of different levels, including regional ones, in the structure of a multidimensional economic space. It is shown that innovation clusters play an important role in the formation of the economy in the regions.

Socio-economical aspect of retail trade networks in the region (on the example of the Kostroma region)

The article examines the state of network retail trade carried out by federal and regional trade enterprises and its role in the economy of a particular region of Kostroma region. The role of this type of economic activity revealed in the socio-economic system. The most important feature is plurality of trading formats. The aggressive nature shown of the activities federal retail networks. It manifested in a significant growth in retail outlets of these structures. The main directions of attraction are a wide range of products, flexible pricing policy, use of modern technologies, expansion of loyalty programs, including the use of mobile app. The specific of the positioning have been determined for Magnit, X5 Retail Group and LENTA. Competitors to federal retail networks are several trading enterprises of Kostroma networks retailers. They continue to develop dynamically by opening shops not only in regional cities, but also in neighboring regions. Moreover, each of them has a certain strategy focused on a specific segment of consumers. The regional trade networks cooperation with local producers. It allows them to compete with federal retail networks. A comparative analysis of retail prices carried out for socially significant food and non-food products, which made it possible to assess the degree of attractiveness of the services of retail trade networks, federal and regional levels. The experience of the introducing modern formats of trade services for buyers has been summarised by federal and local market. The main directions of improving trade has been established by regional players.