scholarly journals Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Toorani ◽  
H. Abbasipour ◽  
L. Dehghan-Dehnavi
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
White Peach Scale

Summary The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the most important and destructive polyphagous pests of the Rosaceae family trees. Population fluctuations and biodiversity of the hymenopteran parasitoid species associated with the pest were studied in six kiwi orchards in Iran, during one-year period. Parasitoid species abundance, species diversity indices and evenness indices were calculated. Most of the parasitoid species were dominant or eudominant. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the Najarkola region had high diversity and the Kharatkola region had low diversity. The Paeendasteh region (based on Simpson’s Diversity on Camargo evenness indices) and the Samnakola region (based on the modified Nee, and on Smith and Wilson evenness indices) were less uniform. Among the recorded parasitoids, Encarsia berlesei Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), followed by Aphytis proclia Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), had the highest population in all orchards.

scholarly journals Bird diversity analysis in the lower mountain forest of mount Bulusaraung to support ecotourism’s activities in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
A Achmad ◽  
U Damayanti ◽  
R I Maulany
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Evenness Indices

Abstract Lower mountain forest in the complex of Mount Bulusaraung Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, is a one of bird’s habitat in the South Sulawesi. This area is a tourist destination, especially mountain climbing activities. Thus, it is necessary to know the diversity of animals, especially birds on this hiking trail, so that the information can be used to support ecotourism activities. This study aims to analyze the diversity of bird species in the complex of Bulusaraung Mountain, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in order to support ecotourism activities. This research was conducted from April to June 2018. Data was collected using the line transect method on three lines, namely the Balleanging, Kattokaddaro and Tompobulu lines. The second and third paths are hiking trails, while the rest are trails leading to community agricultural areas. The geographical position of the transect line was recorded using GPS. The GIS method was used to generate a bird watching trail map. Data analysis was carried out to calculate the individual density and frequency of bird presence. In addition, the species diversity indices, species evenness indices, and species richness indices were also calculated. The results showed that there were 44 species of birds found in the study area, which were 16 species in the Balleanging line, 27 species in the Kattokaddaro line and 37 species in the Tompobulu line. The highest bird species diversity indices value was found on the Tompobulu line (H' = 2.93), while on the Kattokaddaro line it was H' = 2.73 and the Balleanging H' = 2.55. The results of this study will support the management strategy in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in order to harmonize the conservation of biological resources through ecotourism activities that involve local communities to increase their economic income.

scholarly journals Impact of logging intensity on stem density, basal area and biodiversity indices five years after logging in a Caspian hardwood forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behjou Farshad Keivan ◽  
Mollabashi Omid Ghaffarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biodiversity Indices ◽  
Harvesting Intensity ◽  
Evenness Indices

The aim of the present study was to analyse the impacts of different logging intensities after five years from logging including non-logged, low (3.4 felled stems per hectare), medium (5.2 felled stems per hectare) and high (7.1 felled stems per hectare) treatments on stem density, basal area, canopy cover, and forest biodiversity indices. The study area was located in northern Iran. Data was collected on a set of 120 circular plots with 5 m radius from both non-logged and logging areas. Stem density, basal area, and percentage of canopy cover were measured. Biodiversity study was done by measuring two diversity indices including Simpson’s and Shannon-Wiener’s, two richness indices including Margalef’s and Menhinick’s and two evenness indices including Pielou’s and Hill’s indices. The results indicated that the treatment with the medium logging intensity was found to cause the highest amount of positive effects on stem density, basal area, and biodiversity indices. It is concluded that harvesting intensity should be limited to a medium level (approximately 5 felled trees per hectare) during each logging operation to improve forest biodiversity indices.

scholarly journals Are synthetic pheromone captures predictive of parasitoid densities as a kairomonal attracted tool?

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan Bayoumy ◽  
Mehmet Bora Kydan ◽  
Ferenc Kozár
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Sticky Tape ◽  
White Peach Scale

Abundance of White Peach scale (WPS), <em>Pseudaulacaspis pentagona </em>(Targioni-Tozzetti) and San Jos&eacute; scale (SJS), <em>Diaspidiotus perniciosus </em>(Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) adult males and their attracted parasitoids were monitored using pheromone and sticky tape traps in an orchard of Budapest, Hungary, during 2010. In this study, we tried answer on the question raised whether synthetic commercial pheromones of WSP or SJS could work as a kairomonal stimulant and positively attract higher numbers of the specialized parasitoids. Although pheromone traps attracted a wide range of parasitoid species, most of them were accidentally. However, the parasitoid <em>Thomsonisca amathus</em> (Walker) (Hymenoptera: E ncyrtidae) and the parasitoid <em>Encarsia perniciosi </em>(Tower) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) significantly respond to the sex pheromones of WPS and SJS, respectively, suggesting that they may play an important role in host location.

scholarly journals INDEKS KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS IKAN DEMERSAL DI PERAIRAN TARAKAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprapto Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Trawl Fishing ◽  
Data Capacity ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Evenness Indices

Perairan Tarakan termasuk daerah penangkapan sumber daya ikan demersal dan udang cukup potensial di KalimantanUtara. Tingginya tingkat eksploitasi ikan demersal dengan menggunakan trawlmenyebabkan keragaman jenisnya rendah. Penelitian ikan demersal dilakukan di perairan Tarakan pada bulanMei,Agustus dan Nopember 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh indeks keanekaragaman jenis ikan demersal. Data spesies ikan demersal dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan jaring trawl yang dioperasikan oleh kapal motor 20GT dengan metode sapuan area. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah taksa ikan demersal sebanyak 86 spesies yang tergolong kedalam45 famili. Komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan trawl didominasi oleh famili Leiognathidae (ikan petek), Sciaenidae (ikan gulama), Harpadontidae (ikan nomei),Apogonidae (ikan serinding) danMullidae (ikan bijinangka). Status keanekaragaman jenis termasuk dalamkategori sedang dengan indeks “Shanon-Wiener” (H’)berkisar antara 1,7-2,5 sedangkan indeks kekayaan “Margalef” (R1 ) berkisar antara 7-8. Penyebaran spesies ikan demersal bersifat sedang dengan indeks kemerataan jenis (E) rata-rata sebesra 0,5.Kelimpahan ikan demersal tidak ada yang dominan, ditunjukkan oleh nilai indeks kemerataan jenis “Pielou” (E) rata-rata sebesar 0,4.Tarakan and adjacent waters is one of potentially fishing ground of demersal fish resources in north Kalimantan. High exploitation by trawler tend to decreased of biodiversity of demersal fish in this area. Research has been conducted in the waters of Tarakan duringMay, August and November 2012. The aim of this research is to get species diversity indices of demersal fish, which is expected to be useful as one of the data capacity for sustainable fisheries management policy. Data obtained by using trawl fishing gear with a sweept area method.The results showed that demersal fish species richness 86 species, belonging to 45 families. Dominant family are Leiognathidae, Sciaenidae, Harpadontidae, Apogonidae andMullidae. Result of analysis indicate that species diversity in Tarakan waters in the medium category. Status of biodiversity consist of: range value diversityindices “Shanon-Wiener” (H’) was 1.7 to 2.5; species richness indices of “Margalef” (R1 ) are between 7-8; evenness indices of “Pielou” (E 1) was 0,5 and dominant indices “Pielou” (E) an average of 0.4.

scholarly journals FLORISTIC STUDY ON ANGIOSPERMS SURROUNDING THE MEDAVAKKAM LAKE, CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzad Basha Kolar ◽  
Palanivel. S, ◽  
M. Sheik Noor Mohamed ◽  
S. Sheik Mohamed ◽  
M. Shareef Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Diversity Indices

Biodiversity plays a significant role in maintaining the ecosystem for their sustainable utilization. A preliminary survey was conducted to document the diversity and economic importance of the angiosperms around the Medavakkam Lake, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The study area act as a seed bank for native species and provide suitable conditions to endemic and certain endangered species. Diversity indices of the study area was found significant, in which the species abundance, richness and evenness were found. A total of 71 species belonging to 36 families of angiosperms were documented. Among which the Dicotyledons plants were 87.32% and monocotyledon plants were 12.67% of total flora reported. The study area was dominated by the family fabaceae (14.1%) with ten species. Habit wise classification of plants reveal that trees are predominant with 32%, followed by hers (25%), Shrubs (21%), Climbers (13%), undershrubs (6%) and grasses (3%). The Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon Wiener Index and evenness index of the study area is 0.777, 1.5634 and 0.8725 respectively. These plants was found with enormous benefits to the mankind such as medicinal, edible, timber, ornamental, oil and other sources. This investigation divulges that the Medavakkam Lake has substantial angiosperm diversity served as major source for native plants having greater economic importance.

scholarly journals Monthly Population Fluctuations and Abundance Index (SISA) of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), as Potential Bridge Vectors of Pathogens to Humans and Animals in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hassan Nikookar ◽  
Mahmoud Fazeli Dinan ◽  
Ahmadali Enayati
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Baseline Knowledge

Abstract Background: Seasonal activity patterns of mosquitoes are essential as baseline knowledge to understand the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the monthly dynamics of the mosquito populations and their relation to meteorological factors in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.Methods: Mosquito adults and larvae were collected from 16 counties of Mazandaran Province using different sampling techniques, once a month from May to December 2014. “Index of Species Abundance” (ISA) along with “Standardized ISA” (SISA) was used for assessing the most abundant species of mosquitoes based on the explanations of Robert and Hsi. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the relationships between the monthly population fluctuations and meteorological variables. Results: Overall, 23750 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and nineteen species were collected and identified. The highest population density of mosquitoes was in July and the lowest in May. The ISA/SISA indices showed the values of ISA/SISA: 1(larvae) and 1.25/0.973 (adult) in total catch human and shelter pit (ISA/SISA:1.68/0.938) for Culex pipiens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, respectively, species that had the highest activity peak in July. A significant positive correlation was observed between Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mean temperature (R: 0.766, P < 0.027).Conclusions: The results indicated that the mosquitoes are more active in July, Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the most abundant species, due to the potential of these species as vectors of numerous pathogens, control programmes can be planed based on their monthly activity pattern in the area.

scholarly journals Analysis of Structure and Diversity of the Kilengwe Forest in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sylvester Kacholi
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Fisher’S Alpha

This study investigates the structure, species composition, and diversity of a section of the Kilengwe Forest in Tanzania. In order to accomplish the proposed objectives, 18 plots of 20 m × 20 m were randomly established in the forest and the number of tree species in each plot was identified and counted. The most important families and species were determined using importance value indices at the respective taxonomic levels. Diversity was measured using the Shannon-Wiener and Fisher alpha diversity indices. A total of 276 stems/ha representing 93 species/ha within 26 families were documented from 0.72 ha. Fabaceae and Julbernadia globiflora were the dominant family and species, respectively. Seventy-eight percent of the total species were rare. The average basal area of the forest was 7.1 m2/ha. The Shannon-Wiener index (4.02) and Fisher’s alpha diversity (35.5) indicated high species diversity within the forest. The species-area and species-abundance curves revealed an escalating trend implying that more sampling efforts could result in a higher number of species existing in the forest. The size class distribution displayed a reverse J-shaped pattern; however, the larger size classes DBH >50 cm were not represented. The study suggests the necessity for anthropogenic disturbance control as this is the major source of forest degradation in the studied area.

The population dynamics of the white peach scale and its parasitoids in a mulberry orchard in Campania, Italy

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Pedata ◽  
M.S. Hunter ◽  
H.C.J. Godfray ◽  
G. Viggiani
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Kiwi Fruit ◽  
Primary Parasitoid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
White Peach Scale ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhite peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Homiptera: Diaspididae), was a serious pest of mulberry until it was the subject of a successful biological control programme in Italy at the turn of the century. Since the 1950s it has returned as a sporadic pest of commercial peach and, more recently, kiwi fruit orchards. We sampled white peach scale in an unmanaged mulberry orchard in coastal Campania over a 17 month period to measure the impact, relative abundance, and interactions of the parasitoids in the absence of pesticides. Sampled scales were dissected, and the immature stages of the parasitoids identified. Mean densities of white peach scale varied with month from 3–15/9 cm2 on primary (interior) branches and 15–100/1.5–2 m secondary (exterior) branch. The generalist ectoparasitoid Aphytis proclia (Walker) was most abundant, followed by two specialist endoparasitoids, Encarsia berlesei (Howard) and Pteroptrix orientalis (Silvestri) (all Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Primary parasitism also varied with month from 25–85% on primary branches and 20–90% on secondary branches. Parasitism on primary branches was inversely density-dependent, but was densityindependent on secondary branches. Low levels of superparasitism were generally observed in E. berlesei and P. orientalis (0–6%), but were higher in A. proclia (0–21%). Multiple parasitism of hosts by E. berlesei and A. proclia was fairly common (up to 24% of E. berlesei immatures were found sharing a host with A. proclia), and A. proclia was the probable winner of within-host competitions. The hyperparasitoid Azotus perspeciosus (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitized late pre-imaginal instars of all three primary parasitoid species. There was no significant difference in hyperparasitism of the three primary parasitoid species, but the rate of hyperparasitism was inversely related to the total density of primary parasitoids.

scholarly journals Population Fluctuations and Abundance Indices of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicid), as the Potential Bridge Vectors of Pathogens to Humans and Animals in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hassan Nikookar ◽  
Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan ◽  
Ahmadali Enayati
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Vector Borne

Background: Seasonal activity patterns of mosquitoes are essential as baseline knowledge to understand the transmis­sion dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the monthly dynamics of the mosquito populations and their relation to meteorological factors in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. Methods: Mosquito adults and larvae were collected from 16 counties of Mazandaran Province using different sam­pling techniques, once a month from May to December 2014. “Index of Species Abundance” (ISA) along with “Stand­ardized ISA” (SISA) was used for assessing the most abundant species of mosquitoes based on the explanations of Rob­ert and Hsi. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the relationships between the monthly population fluctuations and meteorological variables. Results: Overall, 23750 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and nineteen species were collected and identified. The highest population density of mosquitoes was in July and the lowest in May. The ISA/SISA indices for Culex pipiens were both 1 for larvae and 1.25/0.973 for adults in total catch performed in human dwellings. For Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the ISA/SISA were 1.68/0.938 in pit shelter method. A significant positive correlation was observed between population fluctuations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mean temperature (R: 0.766, P< 0.027). Conclusions: The results indicated that the mosquitoes are more active in July, and Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhyn­chus were the most abundant species. Considering the potential of these species as vectors of numerous pathogens, con­trol programs can be planed based on their monthly activity pattern in the area.

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