scholarly journals FLORISTIC STUDY ON ANGIOSPERMS SURROUNDING THE MEDAVAKKAM LAKE, CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzad Basha Kolar ◽  
Palanivel. S, ◽  
M. Sheik Noor Mohamed ◽  
S. Sheik Mohamed ◽  
M. Shareef Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Diversity Indices

Biodiversity plays a significant role in maintaining the ecosystem for their sustainable utilization. A preliminary survey was conducted to document the diversity and economic importance of the angiosperms around the Medavakkam Lake, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The study area act as a seed bank for native species and provide suitable conditions to endemic and certain endangered species. Diversity indices of the study area was found significant, in which the species abundance, richness and evenness were found. A total of 71 species belonging to 36 families of angiosperms were documented. Among which the Dicotyledons plants were 87.32% and monocotyledon plants were 12.67% of total flora reported. The study area was dominated by the family fabaceae (14.1%) with ten species. Habit wise classification of plants reveal that trees are predominant with 32%, followed by hers (25%), Shrubs (21%), Climbers (13%), undershrubs (6%) and grasses (3%). The Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon Wiener Index and evenness index of the study area is 0.777, 1.5634 and 0.8725 respectively. These plants was found with enormous benefits to the mankind such as medicinal, edible, timber, ornamental, oil and other sources. This investigation divulges that the Medavakkam Lake has substantial angiosperm diversity served as major source for native plants having greater economic importance.

Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Barathy ◽  
T. Sivaruban ◽  
Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽  
Isack Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Bernath Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

scholarly journals Distance Effects on Diversity and Abundance of the Flower Visitors of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in the Kakamega Forest Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen K. Mandela ◽  
Mugatsia H. Tsingalia ◽  
Mary Gikungu ◽  
Wilbur M. Lwande
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Pollination is an important ecosystem service in the maintenance of biodiversity and most importantly in food production. Pollination is on the decline due to habitat loss, exotic species invasions, pollution, overharvesting, and land use changes. This study analyzed the abundance and diversity of flower visitors’ of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in Kakamega forest with increasing distance from the forest edge. Data were collected through direct observation and sweep netting. Six study sites were identified along two transects each 2.5 km long and labeled A to F. Distance in metres from the forest edge to each site was A=221, B=72, C=83, D=198, E=113, and F=50. Sampling was done from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm, three days in a week for five months consecutively. Diversity indices of different flower visitors were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between sites and a two-sample t-test was used to identify mean significant differences in species diversity between the closest and the furthest sites. A total of 645 individuals belonging to 35 species were captured from 4 families. The highest diversity was at site F (H’= 2.38) which was closest to the forest edge and the lowest diversity was from site A (H’=1.44) which was furthest from the forest edge. Distance from the forest edge significantly influenced species diversity (F(3, 20)=14.67, p=0.024). Distance from the forest edge also significantly influenced species abundance between the furthest sites A, D, and E and the nearest sites F, B, and C to the forest edge (t=4.177; p=0.0312) and species richness (t=3.2893; p=0.0187). This study clearly demonstrates that Ocimum kilimandscharicum flower visitors play essential roles in pollination and their higher number of visits translates into higher numbers of seeds set. Many of these pollinators are associated with the forest and hence the need to conserve the Kakamega forest as a source pool for pollinators.

scholarly journals Abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the functional groups in two different habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananto Triyogo ◽  
Budiadi ◽  
Siti Muslimah Widyastuti ◽  
Sena Adi Subrata ◽  
Suwito Susetyo Budi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Invasive Ants ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Anoplolepis Gracilipes ◽  
Research Education ◽  
June July

Abstract. Triyogo A, Budiadi, Widyastuti SM, Subrata SA, Budi SS. 2020. Abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the functional groups in two different habitats. Biodiversitas 21: 2079-2087. Land development often affects the quantity and diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine and compare the ant species abundance and the functional groups between two different habitats, representing land development, including pioneer and agroforestry. This research involved a survey of the ants at the Forest Research Education (FRE) of Wanagama I Yogyakarta, and data were accumulated over a period of five months (April, May, June, July, and August). In addition, pit-fall trap and direct collection methods were used, involving the placement of 54 pit-fall traps at two habitats, and the ant specimens were retrieved after a two day period. The results show the total individual abundance of 2,310 and 2,067, on agroforestry and pioneer, respectively. Furthermore, the species richness and diversity index was higher in agroforestry (7; 2.01), compared with pioneer (6; 1.49), where the three dominant species include, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Solenopsis sp., Odontoponera denticulata; and Anoplolepis gracilipes, Odontoponera denticulata, Camponotus sp., respectively. Conversely, the highest amount of invasive ants (Solenopsis sp.) was observed in agroforestry, which negatively impacted on the presence of native species (Odontoponera denticulata). In addition, PCA analysis showed the development of three ant groups on each habitat, hence agroforestry made more real differences in the aspect of species abundance, and none in terms of richness. Therefore, notable differences were observed in the ant communities between both habitats, and agroforestry was indicated as a disturbed area, based on the increment in tramp and invasive ants, alongside low abundance of native and functional groups.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MYCOFLORA, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF SELECTED FRESH AND STORED MEDICINAL FRUITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sushma K. S. ◽  
Puttaswamy Rajeshwari ◽  
Koteshwar Anandrao Raveesha
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Terminalia Bellerica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: To understand the mycoflora, phytochemical constituents and antibacterial potential of fresh and stored herbal fruits of selected plants, extensively used in herbal medicines.Methods: Mycoflora analysis of Terminalia bellerica, Phyllanthus emblica and Myristica fragrans fruits was done employing serial dilution method, colony forming unit (CFU) and relative density of each fungi was recorded. The diversity of fungi associated with test fruits was calculated using various diversity indices. Methanol extracts of test fruits was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, presence or absence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones and cardiac glycosides was detected. Antibacterial potential of test fruits was studied by well diffusion method.Results: Fresh fruits were free of fungal contamination, whereas stored fruits were found in association with various fungi. A total of 64 isolates of 29 species belonging to 13 genera were identified from stored fruits. Aspergillus was predominant followed by Penicillium. T. bellerica was highly contaminated (1x105CFU/g). Stored fruits of M. fragrans recorded high fungal diversity with highest Simpson’s diversity index (D-1=0.840) and Shannon-Wiener index (H=2.888). P. emblica exhibited high species richness with high Margalef Richness (R=2.925), Menhinick index (E=1.830) and Berger Parker Dominance (d’=0.418). Phytochemical analysis of fresh and stored fruits did not show a significant difference in the presence or absence of tested phyto-constituents. Stored fruit extract recorded up to 41% increase in antibacterial activity.Conclusion: Results suggests the need of proper training to the herbal material handler’s right from the harvest to retail selling, and also points out the need to assess the fungal contamination of herbal materials before using them for herbal drug manufacture.

scholarly journals Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Toorani ◽  
H. Abbasipour ◽  
L. Dehghan-Dehnavi
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
White Peach Scale

Summary The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the most important and destructive polyphagous pests of the Rosaceae family trees. Population fluctuations and biodiversity of the hymenopteran parasitoid species associated with the pest were studied in six kiwi orchards in Iran, during one-year period. Parasitoid species abundance, species diversity indices and evenness indices were calculated. Most of the parasitoid species were dominant or eudominant. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the Najarkola region had high diversity and the Kharatkola region had low diversity. The Paeendasteh region (based on Simpson’s Diversity on Camargo evenness indices) and the Samnakola region (based on the modified Nee, and on Smith and Wilson evenness indices) were less uniform. Among the recorded parasitoids, Encarsia berlesei Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), followed by Aphytis proclia Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), had the highest population in all orchards.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Vanda Evanglin Tobondo ◽  
Roni Koneri ◽  
Dingse Pandiangan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
The Family ◽  
Garden Plants ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Central Sulawesi

(Article History: Received January 14, 2021; Revised February 15, 2021; Accepted February 28, 2021) ABSTRAK Pekarangan merupakan sebidang tanah yang di atasnya terdapat bangunan tempat tinggal dan dapat dibudidayakan berbagai spesies tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan luas pekarangan yaitu kategori sempit (100-200 m2), sedang (300-400 m2) dan luas (500-600 m2). Pada setiap kategori diambil 10 sampel pekarangan dan dicatat seluruh spesies tanaman yang terdapat pada pekarangan tersebut. Pemanfaatan tanaman ditentukan berdasarkan alasan penanaman dengan wawancara langsung dengan pemilik pekarangan.  Analisis data meliputi kelimpahan, indek kekayaan, indek keanekaragaman dan indek kemerataan spesies tanaman. Hasil didapatkan sebanyak 64 famili yang terdiri dari 155 spesies dan 1265 individu. Famili yang banyak ditemukan jumlah spesiesnya adalah Araceae.  Spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu Garcinia mangostana dan Curcuma longa. Kelimpahan spesies tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan katagori luas. Keanekaragaman dan kekayaan spesies tanaman tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan kategori sempit, sedangkan kemerataan pada lahan kategori sedang. Habitus tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan adalah herba. Organ tanaman yang dimanfaatkan umumnya daun, sedangkan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan banyak digunakan sebagai sumber pangan. Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman; Garcinia mangostoma; herba; daun. ABSTRACTYard is a plot of land on which there are residential buildings and various plant species can be cultivated. This research aims to analyze the diversity and utilization of garden plants in Taripa Village, East Pamona District, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. Sampling was based on the area of the yard, namely the narrow (100-200 m2), medium (300-400 m2) and broad (500-600 m2). In each category, 10 samples of the yard were taken and recorded all plant species found in the yard. The use of plants is determined based on the reasons for planting by direct interviews with the owners of the yards. Data analysis includes abundance, Richness index, diversity index and index evenness of plant species. The results obtained were 64 families consisting of 155 species and 1265 individuals. The family with the most number of species found is Araceae. The species that had the highest abundance were Garcinia mangostana and Curcuma longa. The highest species abundance was in the large yard area. The highest diversity and richness of plant species was in the narrow category land, while evenness was in the medium category. Plant habitus that is widely used is herbaceous. The plant organs that are used are generally leaves, while the use of garden plants is widely used as a food source.  Key words: Diversity; Garcinia mangostoma; herb; leaf.

Comparative studies of mymarid diversity from three different zones of paddy ecosystem in Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alfred Daniel ◽  
K. Ramaraju ◽  
A. Rameshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Paddy Ecosystem ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Cauvery Delta ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

Surveys were conducted to explore the mymarid fauna from three different rice growing zones viz., western zone, Cauvery delta zone and high rainfall zone in Tamil Nadu during 2015-16. In the present study, 92 mymarid parasitoids comprising of 8 species under 7 genera viz., Anagrus sp., Anaphes sp., Camptoptera sp., Dicopus longipes (Subba Rao), Lymaenon delhiensis Narayanan and Subba Rao, Lymaenon munnarus Mani and Saraswat, Mymar pulchellum Curtis and Ptilomymar dictyon Hayat and Anis were collected. Alpha and beta diversity were computed for the three zones and the diversity indices (Simpson’s index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s index) revealed high rainfall zone as the most diverse zone, while Cauvery delta zone being the least diverse. Dicopus longipes is found to the predominant species in rice ecosystem. Jaccard’s index of species similarity comparison revealed 42.5 per cent similarity between western and Cauvery delta zones and 62.5 per cent similarity between high rainfall and Cauvery delta zones and 62.5 per cent similarity between high rainfall and western zones. Correspondence analysis and Bray-curtis cluster analysis were also done to understand the diversity assemblage of the mymarids that were collected.

scholarly journals NOTES ON THRIPIDÆ, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

1883 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Osborn
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Family

The family Thripidæ, though possessing many characters of peculiar interest, and being of no little importance economically, has received but very little attention from American Entomologists, either systematic or economic. With the exception of a few notes upon their habits, and descriptions of some four or five species by Dr. Fitch, and also a few notes by Mr. Walsh and Prof. Riley, concerning their food habits, scarcely anything has been written of our native species.Without going into a discussion of the classification of the group, or the peculiar characters which seem to ally it to different orders, it will be sufficient here to state that the wings are entirely membranous and folded flat upon the back, which, with the general conformation of the body, would seem to place it with the Homopterous division of the Hemiptera. The mouth parts, however, are free, composed of both mandibles and maxillæ, and the maxillæ and labium are palpigerous—characters very diverse from those of the group just mentioned.

scholarly journals Exotic Tree Species Outnumbering Native Tree Species: an Alarming Situation for the Sustainable Urban Plantation Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Umair Shafique ◽  
Adnan Younis ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Mansoor Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
The City

Abstract This present study mainly focuses on the tree distribution and diversity of some selected roadsides in Faisalabad, a major city in Punjab, Pakistan. A total census of the tree population on selected roads was carried out and then studied for various parameters. Shannon–Wiener index, Reciprocal of Simpson’s diversity index, and Shannon Evenness were among the different species diversity indices which were studied. Observational results showed that the selected roads in the city hold low tree diversity, with nearly 2858 trees of 34 species, 30 genera, and 15 families. Mainly exotic tree species dominated the plantation of selected roadsides. The topmost three species contributing approximately 60% of the tree population are Conocarpus erectus, Eucalyptus crebra, and Terminalia mantaly. Despite the dominance of exotic tree species, many native tree species are also growing along selected roadsides. Since, Faisalabad has been reported as one of the most polluted cities in the world due to high suspended particulate matter, appropriate efforts are needed to improve the plantation pattern and also to enhance the canopy of the trees in the city to minimize the problem of air pollution.

Ascidian diversity (Chordata: Tunicata) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaram Murugan ◽  
Gnanakkan Ananthan
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
The Rich

Abstract Ascidians are filter-feeding sac-like marine urochordates of great evolutionary, ecological and economic importance. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are one of the most important hot spots of biodiversity in India, while the ascidian diversity of this region is very scanty. Ascidians belonging to 29 species were identified at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during the field research carried out from March 2014 to April 2015. Eight species (Didemnum granulatum, Didemnum molle, Didemnum psammatodes, Diplosoma listerianum, Lissoclinum fragile, Lissoclinum levitum, Lissoclinum patella, Trididemnum Cyclops) from the Didemnidae family were found and identified. Various diversity indices, such as the Shannon -Wiener index (H’), Margalef’s index (D), Pielou’s index (J’), K-dominance curves, Cluster Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling, were used to analyze the diversity, richness and evenness of species, and to compare the diversity between samples and their resemblance in terms of species composition. The maximum species richness was observed in Campbell Bay (2.424) and the minimum in Haddo Wharf (0.910). This finding shows the rich species diversity of ascidian fauna at Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

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