scholarly journals Unilateral Plyometric Training is Superior to Volume-Matched Bilateral Training for Improving Strength, Speed and Power of Lower Limbs in Preadolescent Soccer Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Vasileios Drouzas ◽  
Christos Katsikas ◽  
Andreas Zafeiridis ◽  
Athanasios Z. Jamurtas ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Bilateral Training

Abstract This study compared the effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on strength, sprint performance and lower limb power. Sixty-eight preadolescent soccer athletes were randomly assigned to a unilateral plyometric training group (n=23), a bilateral plyometric training group (n=23) and a control group (n=22). Both plyometric training groups trained with equal volumes of unilateral or bilateral exercises for 15 minutes in each session, at which time the control group performed soccer-specific drills. Plyometric exercises were executed twice weekly for 10 weeks during the competitive season. The following tests were performed before and after the intervention: single-leg and double-leg countermovement jump, squat jump, horizontal jumps in different directions, maximal isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstrings, sprint performance, agility and balance. Unilateral plyometric training resulted in greater improvements compared to the control group in the following variables: hamstrings strength (ES: 0.91, p=0.037), 5m sprint time (ES: 0.93, p=0.004), single-leg countermovement jump (ES: 0.90, p=0.006), single- and double-leg squat jump (ES: 0.87, p=0.030 and ES: 0.73, p=0.067, respectively) and single-leg hop performance (ES: 1.01, p=0.004). The only tests where there was an improvement of BPT compared with the CG were the single-leg and double leg SJ (ES: 0.76, p=0.026; ES: 0.70, p=0.050). Quadriceps strength, side hop test, double-leg horizontal jump test, flamingo balance test and modified agility T-test were equally improved in all three groups (p<0.001). In conclusion, unilateral lower-limb plyometric training is more effective in increasing muscle strength and power in preadolescent soccer players when compared to bilateral training or soccer training alone.

Plyometric Training in Normobaric Hypoxia improves Jump Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betül Coşkun ◽  
Dicle Aras ◽  
Cengiz Akalan ◽  
Settar Kocak ◽  
Michael J. Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
And Function

AbstractStrength training in hypoxia has been shown to enhance hypertrophy and function of skeletal muscle, however, the effects of plyometric training in hypoxia is relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of plyometric training in hypoxia compared to normoxia on body composition, sprint and jump parameters. Twenty-three male physical education students (20.4±2.0 years, mean±SD) participated in the study and were divided into a plyometric training in hypoxia (PTH, n=8), plyometric training in normoxia (PTN, n=7) or control group (C, n=8). The PTH group trained in normobaric hypoxia (approximately 3536 m) 3 days/week for 8 weeks, while the PTN trained in normoxia. PTH induced significant improvements from baseline to post-testing in countermovement-jump (37.8±6.7 cm, 43.4±5.0 cm, p<0.05), squat-jump (35.4±6.2 cm, 41.1±5.7 cm, p<0.05), drop-jump height (32.8±6 cm, 38.1±6 cm, p<0.05) and 20-m sprint performance (3257.1±109.5 ms, 3145.8±83.6 ms, p<0.05); whereas PTN produced significant improvement only in countermovement-jump (37.3±4.8 cm, 40.5±4.5 cm, p<0.05) and 20-m sprint performance (3209.3±76.1 ms, 3126.6±100.4 ms, p<0.05). Plyometric training under hypoxic conditions induces greater improvement in some jump measures (drop-jump and squat-jump) compared to similar training in normoxia.

Effects of Plyometric Training with Agility Ladder on Physical Fitness in Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Padrón-Cabo ◽  
Miguel Lorenzo-Martínez ◽  
Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós ◽  
Pablo B. Costa ◽  
Ezequiel Rey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Youth Soccer

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of plyometric training with an agility ladder on components of physical fitness in youth soccer players. A total of twenty male under-13 soccer players were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group with an agility ladder (n=10) or a control group (n=10). Before and after training intervention linear sprint test (5 m, 10 m, 20 m), vertical jump ability (squat jump, countermovement jump and countermovement jump with arms), agility test, and slalom dribble test were assessed. The plyometric training with agility ladder was applied two times per week over six weeks. Data were analyzed using linear mixed model. The plyometric training group showed significant improvements (p<0.001) from pre-test to post-test in countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms, and slalom dribble test. In the control group, no significant enhancements were obtained in all performance tests (p>0.05). The between-group analysis showed significant differences in countermovement jump with arms (p=0.03), but no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in squat jump, countermovement jump, sprint, agility test, and slalom dribble test. In conclusion, the short-term plyometric training with agility ladder seems to be ineffective and not time-efficient to improve physical fitness in youth soccer players. However, the interpretation of these results must be understood within the sample size limitations.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Plyometric Training on Agility, Jump and Repeated Sprint Performance in Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Marcin Maciejczyk ◽  
Renata Błyszczuk ◽  
Aleksander Drwal ◽  
Beata Nowak ◽  
Marek Strzała
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of short-term (4 weeks, twice a week: 8 sessions) plyometric training on agility, jump, and repeated sprint performance in female soccer players. The study comprised 17 females performing this sports discipline. The players were randomly divided into two groups: with plyometric training (PLY) and the control (CON). All players followed the same training program, but the PLY group also performed plyometric exercises. Tests used to evaluate physical performance were carried out immediately before and after PLY. After implementing the short PLY training, significant improvement in jump performance (squat jump: p = 0.04, ES = 0.48, countermovement jump: p = 0.009, ES = 0.42) and agility (p = 0.003, ES = 0.7) was noted in the PLY group. In the CON group, no significant (p > 0.05) changes in physical performance were observed. In contrast, PLY did not improve repeated sprint performance (p > 0.05) among female soccer players. In our research, it was shown that PLY can also be effective when performed for only 4 weeks instead of the 6–12 weeks typically applied.

Kinetic and Kinematic Changes in Vertical Jump in Prepubescent Girls After 10 Weeks of Plyometric Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Katsikari ◽  
Eleni Bassa ◽  
Dimitrios Skoufas ◽  
Savvas Lazaridis ◽  
Christos Kotzamanidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Short Contact Time ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Drop Jumps

Purpose: To examine the effect of a 10-week plyometric training (PT) on the kinematic and kinetic properties of prepubescent girls during squat jump, countermovement jump, and drop jumps. Methods: Twenty-four untrained girls (aged 9–11 y) were assigned to a training group (TG) and a control group. The TG followed twice a week PT for 10 weeks. Squat jump, countermovement jump, and drop jumps performed from heights of 20, 35, and 50 cm were tested before and after PT. Jump height, kinematic, and kinetic parameters were evaluated using a motion analysis system and a force plate. Results: Jumping height in all jump types increased significantly after PT for the TG (P < .001). After training, the TG presented increased power (P < .001) and knee angular velocity (P < .001), higher knee flexion at the deepest point during the braking phase (P < .001), longer contact time (P < .001), and unchanged stiffness and reaction strength index (P > .05). No differences were observed in the control group (P > .05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that a 10-week PT positively affected jumping performance in prepubescent girls who improved their drop jump performance after training not by adopting a stiff/bouncing jumping style of short contact time and increased stiffness, but a compliant/absorbing style of prolonged contact time.

scholarly journals PLYOMETRIC TRAINING IMPROVES SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN RECREATIONALLY-TRAINED SWIMMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-440
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cañas-Jamett ◽  
Julio Figueroa-Puig ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Marcelo Tuesta
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plyometric training significantly improves strength performance, including in aquatic sports. Objective: To compare changes in thigh girth, hamstring flexibility, squat jump height, and 200m swimming trial time induced by plyometric training in recreationally-trained swimmers. Methods: Eighteen recreationally-trained male swimmers (age=18-20 years) were randomly divided into a plyometric training group (PTG) and a control group (CG). All the swimmers completed a six-week speed swimming training plan. In the PTG only, the last ~15 min of each session was replaced with plyometric exercises. The physical characteristics and the thigh girth were measured before and after the six weeks of training. In addition, sit-and-reach flexibility and squat jump tests were conducted, as well as a 200m swimming trial. Results: Two-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis revealed an increase in sit-and-reach flexibility (PRE: 4.5±5.3 cm; POST: 10.9±5.9 cm, p<0.01) and squat jump height (PRE: 24.9±3.7 cm; POST: 28.3±4.2 cm, p<0.01) and a decrease in 200m-swimming time (PRE: 220±26.5 sec; POST: 204±24.4 sec, p<0.01) for the PTG only. Comparing the absolute changes (post-pre) between the groups by the Student's t-test, the PTG showed a greater increase in distance reached in the sit-and-reach flexibility (PTG: 6.34±0.6 cm vs. CG: 2.4±1.2 cm, p<0.01) and squat jump height (PTG: 3.4±0.7 cm vs. CG: 0.7±0.3 cm, p<0.01) than the CG. In addition, the 200m swimming time decreased significantly more than in the CG (PTG: -15.1±2.4 sec vs. CG: -0.8±2.7 sec, p<0.01). Conclusion: Plyometric training improves jump height, flexibility, and 200m swimming performance in recreationally-trained adult swimmers. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality RCT.

scholarly journals Efecto del entrenamiento pliométrico en la fuerza explosiva de niñas puberes practicantes de voleibol (Effects of plyometric training on explosive strength in pubescent girls volleyball players)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Gustavo Vilela ◽  
Alexis Caniuqueo-Vargas ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽  
Sandro Fernandes Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Training Post ◽  
Maturity Degree

 El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico en la potencia muscular de niñas practicantes de voleibol (n=78; edad = 12,18±1,27 años). Las participantes fueron divididas subdividas de acuerdo con el grado de maduración en: grupo control (GC=48 con grado de maduración 2=11; 3=19; 4=19) y grupo de trabajo (GT=30 con grado de maduración 2=10; 3=10; 4=10). Ambos grupos realizaron 3 sesiones semanales de entrenamiento de voleibol, adicionando 3 sesiones de ejercicios pliométricos a GT que incluyeron salto en zigzag, lineales y profundidad. Para la evaluación pre y post entrenamiento se utilizó test Squat Jump, Saltos Movimiento, Drop Jump y Abalakov. La estadística prueba t student para significancia pre y post entrenamiento (p < 0,05) y también el análisis de la magnitud del efecto. Los resultados no reportaron diferencias significativas post entrenamiento a pesar de registrar pequeños y moderadas magnitudes de efecto. Se concluye que el entrenamiento polimétrico no genero efectos positivos en la saltabilidad de niñas púberes que practican voleibol. Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training (PT) on muscle power (PR) of the lower limbs in girls volleyball players aged ( n=78; 12.18 ± 1.27years). Participants were divided according to the degree of maturation into control group (GC = 48 with maturity level 2 = 11; 3 = 19; 4 = 19) and working group (GT = 30 with maturity degree 2 = 10; 3 = 10; 4 = 10). held three sessions per week of volleyball and experimental group - EG n = 24, which held in addition of 3 weekly sessions of volleyball, more 3 weekly sessions of PT that comprised the multi jump, jump over hurdle and drop jumps. For pre- and post-training evaluation test was used Squat Jump, Counter Moviment Jump and Jump Drop Abalakov. The statistical student t test for significance Pre-post (p <0.05) and the analysis of the magnitude of the effect. The results reported no significant differences training post despite posting small to moderate effect sizes. It is concluded that the polymetric training did not generate positive effects on the saltability of pubertal girls who practice volleyball.

Lower Limb Kinetics and Kinematics during Two Different Jumping Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shu ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Qiu Li Hu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jian She Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vertical Jumps ◽  
Kinematics Parameters

The purpose of the study is to investigate into the dynamic and kinematic parameters of lower limbs about two types of jump high-level basketball athlete doing: countermovement jump and squat jump. There were distinctively different in jump height between two types. Kinetics and kinematics parameters of squat jump were less than countermovement jump. Using Vertical Jumps countermovement jump can increase the height of vertical jump effectively. These jumps all can cushion the pressure of impact force in landing phase.

scholarly journals Effects of Plyometric Training on Sprint Running Performance in Boys Aged 9–12 Years

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Tottori ◽  
Satoshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Sprint Velocity

Skilled sprinting is fundamental in many sports, especially to improve athletic performance in youth. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of plyometric training on sprint performance in boys aged 9–12 years. Twenty boys were divided into a plyometric training group (n = 9) and a control training group (n = 11). In both groups, participants performed respective training programs once per week for 8 weeks with measurements at baseline and post-intervention. Sprint performance was assessed by 50-m sprint time, sprint velocity, step frequency and step length at 10-m intervals. Jumping performance was assessed using horizontal, vertical and rebound jumps. The plyometric training group showed an improved sprint velocity at 20–30 m, 30–40 m and 40–50 m, and step length at 0–10 m, 20–30 m and 30–40 m (p < 0.05). Furthermore, only the plyometric group showed an increased standing long jump distance and rebound jump performance (p < 0.05). The control group did not show any significant changes in any variable. Our findings suggest that plyometric training in pre-adolescent boys improves sprint velocity and step length at the maximum velocity phase concomitant with increased horizontal and rebound jump performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Resisted Sprint and Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Functional Performance in Collegiate Male Football Players: A Randomised Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6702
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Gokulakannan Kandasamy ◽  
Danah Alyahya ◽  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Collegiate Football

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effects of resisted sprint and plyometric training on sprint performance together with lower limb physiological and functional performance in collegiate football players. Ninety collegiate football players participated in this three-arm, parallel group randomized controlled trial study. Participants were randomly divided into a control group and two experimental groups: resisted sprint training (RST) (n = 30), plyometric training (PT) (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). Participants received their respective training program for six weeks on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were a knee extensor strength test (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer), a sprint test and a single leg triple hop test. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 weeks post-training. Participants, caregivers, and those assigning the outcomes were blinded to the group assignment. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare between groups, within-group and the interaction between time and group. A within-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to the baseline with the 6 weeks post-intervention scores for all the outcomes including STN (RST: d = 1.63; PT: d = 2.38; Control: d = 2.26), ST (RST: d = 1.21; PT: d = 1.36; Control: d = 0.38), and SLTHT (RST: d = 0.76; PT: d = 0.61; Control: d = 0.18). A sub-group analysis demonstrated an increase in strength in the plyometric training group (95% CI 14.73 to 15.09, p = 0.00), an increase in the single leg triple hop test in the resisted sprint training group (95% CI 516.41 to 538.4, p = 0.05), and the sprint test was also improved in both experimental groups (95% CI 8.54 to 8.82, p = 0.00). Our findings suggest that, during a short-term training period, RST or PT training are equally capable of enhancing the neuromechanical capacities of collegiate football players. No adverse events were reported by the participants.

scholarly journals Motor disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: transcranial magnetic stimulation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anssam Bassem Mohy ◽  
Aqeel Kareem Hatem ◽  
Hussein Ghani Kadoori ◽  
Farqad Bader Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Motor Disability

Abstract Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small targeted region of the brain via electromagnetic induction and used diagnostically to measure the connection between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal muscle to evaluate the damage that occurs in MS. Objectives The study aims to investigate whether single-pulse TMS measures differ between patients with MS and healthy controls and to consider if these measures are associated with clinical disability. Patients and methods Single-pulse TMS was performed in 26 patients with MS who hand an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 0 and 9.5 and in 26 normal subjects. Different TMS parameters from upper and lower limbs were investigated. Results TMS disclosed no difference in all MEP parameters between the right and left side of the upper and lower limbs in patients with MS and controls. In all patients, TMS parameters were different from the control group. Upper limb central motor conduction time (CMCT) was prolonged in MS patients with pyramidal signs. Upper and lower limb CMCT and CMCT-f wave (CMCT-f) were prolonged in patients with ataxia. Moreover, CMCT and CMCT-f were prolonged in MS patients with EDSS of 5–9.5 as compared to those with a score of 0–4.5. EDSS correlated with upper and lower limb cortical latency (CL), CMCT, and CMCT-f whereas motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude not. Conclusion TMS yields objective data to evaluate clinical disability and its parameters correlated well with EDSS.

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