scholarly journals Neurologic Manifestations of Infective Endocarditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Cristina Dumitrescu ◽  
Alin Badea ◽  
Ioana Păltineanu ◽  
Dan Mitrea ◽  
Radu Mihăilescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
The Past ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Endocardial Surface

AbstractInfective endocarditis is an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. Usually, it affects one or more heart valves or an intracardiac device. Neurologic events (silent or symptomatic) account for 20 to 40% of all patients with infective endocarditis.We are presenting the case of a 57 -year-old man with cardiovascular risk factors admitted to our clinic for aphasia. His medical history included a recent stroke and small fiber neuropathy with a gradual onset for the past six months. Despite extensive investigations, no cause for strokes and neuropathy could be found. To identify a potential source of embolism, a transoesophageal echocardiography was performed. It revealed vegetation attached to both aortic and mitral valves. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus gallolyticus. The patient underwent emergency aortic and mitral valve replacement and a 6-week course of antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone and gentamicin with the improvement of both aphasia and peripheral neuropathy.Central nervous system complications such as encephalopathy, seizures, stroke or severe cerebral hemorrhage are commonly described in infective endocarditis, but peripheral nervous system involvement is rarely reported in the literature. Although no cause for neuropathy has been found, it is difficult to asses whether it was a complication of the infective endocarditis.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Successful Conservative Treatment for Infective Endocarditis Caused byGemella sanguinis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Emmanouilidou ◽  
Panagiota Voukelatou ◽  
Ioannis Vrettos ◽  
Vasileia Aftzi ◽  
Konstantinos Dodos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Cardiac Device ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Close Supervision ◽  
Endocardial Surface

Infective endocarditis is defined as an infection of a native or prosthetic heart valve, the endocardial surface of the heart, or an indwelling cardiac device. Among the miscellaneous emerging opportunistic bacteria that can cause infective endocarditis isGemella sanguinisthat has been reported as a cause of infective endocarditis in nine cases in the past. All of the survivors received antimicrobial therapy and underwent prosthetic valve replacement surgery while, in general, a proportion of 40–50% of the patients with infective endocarditis underwent valve surgery. Our case illustrates that valve surgery, in combination with the administration of antibiotics, is not the only therapeutic option for infective endocarditis due toGemella sanguinisand that a conservative management with prolonged administration of parenteral antibiotics under close supervision of the patient can be an option.

scholarly journals Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis on a prosthetic tricuspid valve: a case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raz Shapira ◽  
Tamir Weiss ◽  
Elad Goldberg ◽  
Eytan Cohen ◽  
Ilan Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Background Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus is a known pathogen that causes infective endocarditis, and most cases involve the left heart valves. We present the first reported case of prosthetic tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by this microorganism. Relevant literature is reviewed. Case presentation A 67-year-old Jewish female with a history of a prosthetic tricuspid valve replacement was admitted to the emergency department because of nonspecific complaints including effort dyspnea, fatigue, and a single episode of transient visual loss and fever. No significant physical findings were observed. Laboratory examinations revealed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a few nonspecific abnormalities. Transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a vegetation attached to the prosthetic tricuspid valve. The involved tricuspid valve was replaced by a new tissue valve, and Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus was grown from its culture. Prolonged antibiotic treatment was initiated. Conclusions Based on this report and the reviewed literature, Streptococcus gallolyticus should be considered as a rare but potential causative microorganism in prosthetic right-sided valves endocarditis. The patient’s atypical presentation emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

Infective Endocarditis

2014 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Anju Nohria
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Fungal Endocarditis ◽  
Mycotic Aneurysms ◽  
Endocardial Surface

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. It is characterized by one or more vegetations, which comprise a mass of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. IE primarily involves the heart valves (native or prosthetic). Other structures may also be involved, including the interventricular septum, the chordae tendineae, the mural endocardium, or intracardiac devices such as a pacemaker. The most common infective causes are bacterial; however, fungal endocarditis can be seen in patients who are immunocompromised. There is controversy about the existence of viral endocarditis. Valvular involvement in IE may lead to congestive heart failure, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial abscesses. Systemic complications in IE include embolization of both sterile and infected emboli, abscess formation, and mycotic aneurysms.

Prevention and Management of Infective Endocarditis

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Julie McMorrow ◽  
Milap C. Nahata
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Defects ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Endocardial Surface ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy ◽  
Heart Wall

Infective endocarditis is an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart and usually involves one or more heart valves but may occur on septal defects or the heart wall. Its incidence is approximately 1 per 1,000 adults and 0.5 per 1,000 pediatric hospital admissions. Factors predisposing to infective endocarditis include degenerative heart disease, survivable congenital cardiac defects, use of invasive procedures, chronic immunosuppression, and intravenous drug abuse. This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of infective endocarditis.

scholarly journals Infektif Endokarditis Pada Penyakit Jantung Tiroid

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Pradita Diah Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Cardiac Lesions ◽  
Endocardial Surface

Infective endocarditis is an endocardial surface infection of the heart including heart valves that can be fatal. Occurs because there is damage to the surface of the endocardium and the entry of bacteria into the circulation. The presence of cardiac lesions such as mitral regurgitation can be a predisposing factor for infective endocarditis. Patients were diagnosed with infective endocarditis based on a scoring system consisting of clinical symptoms, imaging, and blood culture findings, namely: modified Duke criteria. Treatment of infective endocarditis consists of giving antibiotics and evacuating vegetation by surgery. Surgical action is indicated if there is symptoms of heart failure, uncontrolled infections and vegetation size are too large, causing the risk of embolism.

scholarly journals Disseminated nocardiosis with infective endocarditis of a transplanted heart

2018 ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-225046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonious Ziad Hazim ◽  
André Martin Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Guidelines ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Disseminated Nocardiosis ◽  
The Brain

Nocardiosis is caused by various species of Nocardia and typically occurs as an opportunistic infection. It frequently disseminates, most often involving the lungs, subcutaneous tissues and central nervous system. It has rarely been reported to affect native heart valves. We report the case of a 64-year-old man with disseminated nocardiosis involving the brain, lungs, muscle and tricuspid valve of a transplanted heart. Following antimicrobial therapy, the patient improved clinically and there was no evidence of residual infection on follow-up imaging. This case highlights the presentation of nocardiosis, current therapeutic guidelines and the question of prophylaxis against Nocardia in immunocompromised patients.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Flow Cytometry in Central Nervous System Malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Evrysthenis Vartholomatos ◽  
George Vartholomatos ◽  
George A. Alexiou ◽  
Georgios S. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Review

Central nervous system malignancies (CNSMs) are categorized among the most aggressive and deadly types of cancer. The low median survival in patients with CNSMs is partly explained by the objective difficulties of brain surgeries as well as by the acquired chemoresistance of CNSM cells. Flow Cytometry is an analytical technique with the ability to quantify cell phenotype and to categorize cell populations on the basis of their characteristics. In the current review, we summarize the Flow Cytometry methodologies that have been used to study different phenotypic aspects of CNSMs. These include DNA content analysis for the determination of malignancy status and phenotypic characterization, as well as the methodologies used during the development of novel therapeutic agents. We conclude with the historical and current utility of Flow Cytometry in the field, and we propose how we can exploit current and possible future methodologies in the battle against this dreadful type of malignancy.

scholarly journals Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis Causing Embolic Consecutive ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kanksha Peddi ◽  
Alexander L. Hsu ◽  
Tomas H. Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
St Elevation

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of infective endocarditis. We report the ninth case of embolic native aortic valve infective endocarditis causing STEMI and the first case to describe consecutive embolisms leading to infarctions of separate coronary territories. Through examination of this case in the context of the previous eight similar documented cases in the past, we find that infective endocarditis of the aortic valve can and frequently affect more than a single myocardial territory and can occur consecutively. Further, current treatment modalities for embolic infective endocarditis causing acute myocardial infarction are limited and unproven. This index case illustrates the potential severity of complications and the challenges in developing standardized management for such patients.

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