scholarly journals Analysis of Intra-Industry Trade in Agri-Food Products Between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Snježana Brkić ◽  
Radovan Kastratović ◽  
Mirela Abidović Salkica
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Although research of intra-industry trade (IIT) has been intensive in the last several decades, the empirical literature focusing on this phenomenon in the Western Balkans countries remains limited, especially in agricultural sector. Aiming to contribute to the existing literature, the paper analyses patterns and country-specific determinants of IIT in agri-food products between Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and the European Union (EU) during the period of their mutual trade liberalisation (2008-2018). The analysis employs Grubel-Lloyd indices and Greenaway-Hine-Milner methodology for measurement of IIT, and applies an econometric panel data model using a Poisson Pseudo-maximum likelihood approach in order to estimate effects of IIT determinants. The findings suggest that intra-industry agri-food trade of BiH with the EU is of low intensity and mainly of vertical nature, viewed totally and bilaterally. We found significant positive effects of trading countries’ sizes, common border and history on IIT, and negative effects of the geographic distance and differences in agricultural productivity.

scholarly journals THE COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF POLAND AND OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN BALKANS IN AGRI-FOOD TRADE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz AMBROZIAK
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to compare the competitive positions of Poland and of sixcountries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) in their trade in agri-food products with theEuropean Union (EU) in 2010–2015. To this end, the synthetic tradecompetitiveness index (CI) was created, being the arithmetic average of twonormalised indices of the competitive position, i.e. the trade coverage index (TC)and the Balassa revealed comparative advantages index (RCA). The study is basedon the trade data from the WITS – World Integrated Trade Solution database(Comtrade, HS – Harmonised System 2002), expressed in USD. Agri-foodproducts are understood as products classified in chapters 01–24 of the HarmonisedCommodity Description and Coding System (HS). The research results show thatonly in trade of 5 product groups no country from the Western Balkans competedwith Poland in the EU market. In other product groups which were competitive inPolish exports Poland competed in the EU market with some of the WesternBalkan countries.

scholarly journals Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade: An Investigation with Bma for the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Beck
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Cultural Similarity

The empirical literature on determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) is vast and comprehensive, yet as the authors failed to properly account for model uncertainty it has brought inconsistent and conflicting results. To resolve this issue, Bayesian model averaging was applied to investigate the robustness of 48 potential determinants of bilateral IIT for the panel of 26 European Union countries over the 1999-2011 period. Application of BMA demonstrated that 11 of them are robust determinants of IIT, namely real GDP product, trade openness, membership in the European Union and the Euro area, corruption, and differences in factor abundance. Among the factors of production, the key role in the determination of IIT patterns can be assigned to the differences in human capital. Yet, transportation cost and cultural similarity have no impact on the IIT patterns.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL FUNDING IN BULGARIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Ognyan Stoichkova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the issues related to financing of agricultural industry in Bulgaria from the EU funds and programs. The outcomes of European support under the first and second pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in which Bulgaria has been participating since 2007, are analyzed. Besides, the positive effects on Bulgaria’s agriculture as well as the problems facing the agricultural sector in the new programming period are highlighted.

Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.4 Europe: Coordinated by Thomas Kadner Graziano, 52 Western Balkans: Western Balkans Perspectives on the Hague Principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qerimi Donikë
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Hague ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
The Eu

This chapter presents Western Balkans perspectives on the Hague Principles. The term ‘Western Balkans’ is used to denominate the countries of the Balkan peninsula which are not member of the European Union: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia. The countries of the Western Balkans have had a rather troubled past and the beginning of this century found them (re)building their countries, including their legislation. Given the urgency of other areas of law, Private International Law (PIL) was not in the focus of most of these countries’ reforms, academia, or court practice until recently. Unlike the EU regulations and Hague Conventions, the Hague Principles are not listed among the ‘inspirations’ of any of the current draft laws in the region. Experts who helped in drafting the ongoing reforms, however, have testified to the vast collection of international instruments and PIL codifications of other European countries that were used as inspiration when preparing these drafts. These preparations might have included the Hague Principles as well.

scholarly journals Patterns and determinants of intra-industry trade in agri-food products between Bosnia and Herzegovina and CEFTA 2006

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (229) ◽  
pp. 7-35
Author(s):  
Snjezana Brkic ◽  
Radovan Kastratovic ◽  
Mirela Abidovic-Salkica
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Heckman Selection Model ◽  
East European ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heckman Selection

The paper aims to identify patterns and country-specific determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) in agri-food products between Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and other CEFTA 2006 parties in the period 2008-2018. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to filling the gap in the empirical literature on IIT of the South East European countries, especially in regard to non-manufacturing sectors. To investigate IIT intensity and structure the analysis employed Grubel- Lloyd indices and GHM methodology based on relative unit values. In order to examine the impact of various determinants on IIT in agri-food products, a random-effects Heckman selection model was estimated, following a sector-level approach in the analysis. The analysis indicates a lower level of IIT than expected and a strong dominance of its vertical type in all BiH bilateral relations within CEFTA 2006. The empirical results also suggest that the major determinants positively affecting IIT in agri-food products include the size of the trading economies, the similarity in their ethnic structure, membership in the common regional trade agreement, and common borders. By contrast, the results indicate that IIT is negatively affected by differences between the trading economies in terms of productivity and gross domestic product per capita.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE: AN INVESTIGATION WITH BMA FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Beck
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Cultural Similarity

The empirical literature on the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) is vast and comprehensive, yet as authors failed to properly account for model uncertainty it has brought inconsistent and conflicting results. To resolve this issue, Bayesian model averaging was applied to investigate the robustness of 48 potential determinants of bilateral IIT for the panel of 26 European Union countries over the 1999-2011 period. Application of BMA demonstrated that 11 of them are robust determinants of IIT, namely real GDP products, trade openness, membership in the European Union and the Euro area, corruption, and differences in factor abundance. Among the factors of production, the key role in the determination of IIT patterns can be assigned to the differences in human capital. Yet, transportation cost and cultural similarity have no impact on the IIT patterns.

scholarly journals Definition of Enterprises in the European Union, Western Balkans and Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Vlora Prenaj ◽  
Hysen Ismajli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Large Enterprises

Abstract The aim of the present study is to review the definitions of the enterprises in the European Union, Western Balkans and Kosovo. The study also proposes the classification and comparison of small, medium-sized and large enterprises in the European Union, Western Balkan countries, such as Albania, Montenegro, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and in Kosovo. The study has been performed using the legal, economic, comparative and practice methodology. The results of the study suggest that states should have control over the categorization of enterprises, so the enterprises with higher economic power cannot have the opportunity to hurt those with lesser economic power, all based on the regulation law and its implementation in practice.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA’S EXPORT TO EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Omerika ◽  
Mehmedalija Hadžović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

One of the basic and strategic goals of post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina is a full membership in the European Union. During 1992-1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina has passed through one of the most difficult periods in its’ history. The war has completely devastated the economical structure and the aftermaths were visible in the following years. As a new paradigm, the European Union appears. The European Union has helped the Western Balkans countries to overcome national tensions and offered them a new perspective; new regional and european integrations should be a new, historical chance for them. In the light of this, the focus of this paper is the impact of trade liberalization between the European Union and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the export from Bosnia and Herzegovina to European Union. The above mentioned impact has been observed in the period of eleven years. The total export amount of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2015 was 4,6 billion euros, while the amount of the import was 8,1 billion euros, which makes nearly 60% in favor of import. Traditionally, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s most important foreign trade partner is the European Union where Bosnia and Herzegovina has a deficit in foreign trade. The portion of export to EU during 2015 was 71,79% while the portion of import was 60,85%. The coverage of import over export was 66,89%. In the period of 2005-2015, most of the products have been placed to markets in Croatia, Germany, Italy, and Serbia, which is not the EU member. The process of trade liberalization in 2015 has resulted in surplus of trade with certain EU countries; Austria, Luxembourg and Estonia while the decrease in trade has been recorded with Germany, Slovenia and Czech Republic. Regarding the export, Bosnia and Herzegovina mailny places products which have labour-intensive character. In the econometrics analysis, extented gravitational models of trade have been placed. Besides the abovementioned, the following econometrical techinques have been used: panel data models (PD), fixed effecs models (RE) and panel corrected standard errors (PCSE). In addition, Hausman test has been applied. According to the analysis that has been carried out, the following has been concluded; InGDPi, InGDPj and InDISTij variables are statistically important on the level of 5% in the period of gradual liberalization. The SSP1 an EK variables are not siginificant.In the other moder, in the period of complete liberalization InGDPi, InGDPj and SSP2 variables have a significant impact on a dependent variable on a level of 5%. InDISTij and EK variables have a significant impact on a level od 5% as well. The above mentioned result confirm the research hypothesis; trade liberalization has a significant impact on the export of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the EU. The basic limit of this research can be a relatively short observation period, caused by the fact that the data of merchandise trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU countries until 2005 are not accessible.

scholarly journals Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Family Policy Challenges in Meeting the European Union’s Standards and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-366
Author(s):  
Nikolina Obradović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans

Family policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic Srpska) is incoherent, with its different elements being scattered across different ministries and levels of government. The system is found to be inapt to respond to the needs of families, thus enhancing gender inequalities in the labour market and within families. As a country aspiring to join the European Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with other countries of the Western Balkans region, participates in regular policy dialogue with the European Union institutions. The latest European Commission assessment of the country’s Economic Reform Programme identifies low employment of women as one of the key challenges and implicitly calls for the country to develop an employment-oriented family policy. By analysing the system of family policy and its recent policy developments, the article assesses the country’s capacity to respond to the recommendation and create conditions for greater participation of women in the labour market. The question is whether the European Union’s conditionality and recommendations have the potential to transform the current family policy arrangements in the entities. Key words: work-family policy, female employment, gender inequalities, maternity leave, parental leave, early childhood education and care services, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Economic and financial position of agricultural enterprises in the period before the accession to the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 486-494
Author(s):  
Z. Chrastinová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Legal Entities

In the year before the accession to the European Union, the Slovak agricultural sector reported a loss of SKK 2.4 billion and following a profitable year, the earnings were reduced by SKK 2.8 billion. The situation was caused by a number of reasons, namely reduced sales of agricultural products, damage resulting from adverse weather effects (cold weather, hail, drought and  swine fever), as well as widening of the price gap compared to the year before (increasing input prices in agriculture and decreasing purchase prices of agricultural products, especially in livestock production). Legal entities and natural persons experienced mixed business success. While 51% of legal entities made profit, the figure rose to 76% in the group of natural persons. Both the agricultural cooperatives and trading companies performed with a loss. The loss per hectare of agricultural land (a.l.) was substantially lower in the case of business companies. Natural persons - private farmers were profitable over the period. The gap between the profitable and loss-making enterprises has widened. Some 60% of profitable enterprises owned by legal entities made only a small profit below SKK 0.5 million. The loss-making performance was typical for more productive areas of Slovakia. This was related to stronger effects of adverse climate in 2003.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document