scholarly journals Tensile and erosive strength of soil macro-aggregates from soils under different management system

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Urbanek ◽  
Rainer Horn ◽  
Alwin J.M. Smucker
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Aggregate Strength

Abstract Reduced soil tillage practices are claimed to improve soil health, fertility and productivity through improved soil structure and higher soil organic matter contents. This study compares soil structure stability of soil aggregates under three different tillage practices: conventional, reduced and no tillage. The erosive strength of soil aggregates has been determined using the abrasion technique with the soil aggregate erosion chambers (SAE). During abrasion soil aggregates have been separated into the exterior, transitional and interior regions. The forces needed to remove the material from the aggregate were calculated as erosive strength and compared with the tensile strength of the aggregates derived from crushing tests. The relationship between aggregate strength and other soil properties such as organic carbon and hydrophobic groups’ content has also been identified. The results show that erosive and tensile strength of soil aggregates is very low in topsoil under conventional and reduced tillage comparing with the subsoil horizons. Negative correlation was found between the content of organic carbon, hydrophobic compounds and erosive aggregate strength which suggests that the stabilising effect of soils organic carbon may be lost with drying. The positive relationship between the tensile strength and erosive strength for aggregates of 8-5 mm size suggests that the total strength of these aggregates is controlled by the sum of strength of all concentric layers

Conservation tillage positively influences soil organic carbon through earthworm excrement physical structure stability in a Chinese Mollisoil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewen Chen ◽  
Aizhen Liang ◽  
Donghui Wu ◽  
Shuxia Jia ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Pore Surface ◽  
Pore Surface Area

<p>Identifying the relationship between earthworm activity and soil organic carbon is vital for both planning and performing farming operations. Numerous studies have emphasized that earthworms affect soil organic carbon greatly. However, the extent of this effect is still somewhat vague, and very little is known, not to mention the role of earthworm excrement. The objective for this study is to determine the effect of earthworm excrement on soil organic carbon following different tillage practices based on physical structure stability parameters. Both no tillage (NT) and ridge tillage (RT) led to significant total pore surface area, permeability, fluid conductivity, water resistance index and tensile strength increment than moldboard plow (MP) (p<0.05), whereas water repellency significant decrement (p<0.05). Similar to soil organic carbon, NT and RT significantly increase organic carbon in earthworm excrement than MP (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation (p<0.05) was found between organic carbon in earthworm excrement and total pore surface area, water repellency, tensile strength, respectively. This finding demonstrates that conservation tillage increase organic carbon in earthworm excrement through physical structure stability namely aggregation effect of earthworm excrement on soil water movement and gas diffusion, potentially important for the soil organic carbon increment.</p>

Effects of Conventional Tillage and Conservation Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3832-3836
Author(s):  
Song Wei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices

For the last decades, because of increasing attention to global change, the carbon cycle in the terrestrial ecosystem has become a hotspot problem for every country. It has 1.6 Pg/a C to release into atmosphere because of the irrational land-use, quickening the step of global warming trend. But agricultural soil has the double-sword effects. If improper soil tillage practices are adopted, agricultural soil may become the source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. And if adopting effective management measurement and scientific tillage technology, agricultural soil may become carbon sink. This paper reviewed the effects of conventional tillage and conservation tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC), and found that conservation tillage has a huge potential for sequestrating organic carbon compared with conventional tillage. Finally, the important significance of agriculture soil carbon sequestration was discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Aggregate Stability in Soils of Twelve Argo-ecological Zones of Bangladesh Based on Organic Carbon and Basic Cations

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
S Arofi ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
HK Shiragi ◽  
MA Alam ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Basic Cations

Soil aggregate is one of the vital indicators of soil health that depends on organic carbon (OC), texture and basic cations. A total of 206 soil samples were collected from 12 agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh to study the effects of organic carbon (OC), basic cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and different sized soil particles on soil aggregate stability. Soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, pH, OC, texture, basic cations and water stable soil aggregates (WSA) following standard protocols. Data revealed that OC positively increased WSA, while monovalent basic cations Na+ and K+ showed negative effects. Water stable soil aggregates and C stock of 0.25 mm sized soil fraction were found higher than that of larger sized soil fractions of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mm. The roles of divalent basic cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ on WSA were found to be indistinct and need to be studied further. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 27-36

scholarly journals The impact of tillage systems and crop residues on microbial mass and soil structure stability indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. e1101
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Alinejadian-Bidabadi ◽  
Abbas Maleki ◽  
Mahtab Roshaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Stability Indices

Aim of study: This research investigated the effects of management practices, including plant residues and tillage practices, on soil stability indices, microbial biomass carbon, and the number of bacteria.Area of study: Northern Khorasan Province, Iran.Material and methods: This study explored the effects of the three year-old tillage systems of conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) at three levels 0, 40, and 70% of plant residues on soil physical and microbiological properties for a rotation of three years (wheat, canola, and wheat). Variables measured in this study included the whole soil stability index, the normalized stability index, the percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD), the number of bacteria, and microbial biomass carbon.Main results: Management practices could affect variables, such as soil structure stability as well as the number of bacteria. The results also showed that soils of higher stability were more resistant to soil degradation. In addition, by reducing tillage and adding plant residues, the PAD index decreased significantly. NT and MT practices improved soil structure stability indices and significantly increased the number of bacteria as well as microbial biomass carbon in contrast to CT, what could be attributed to the increased soil organic matter.Research highlights: Reduced tillage practices showed the potential for enhancing soil physical quality only through improving aggregate stability. Therefore, NT with 70% residue retention was found to be suitable to improve soil sustainability indices and increased soil microbial population.

scholarly journals Tensile strength, friability and organic carbon in an oxisol under a crop-livestock system

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Muylaert Locks Guimarães ◽  
Cássio Antonio Tormena ◽  
Sérgio José Alves ◽  
Jonez Fidalski ◽  
Éverton Blainski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Livestock System ◽  
Soil Tensile Strength

The crop-livestock system can promote soil compaction in surface layers, mainly due to animal trampling. However, plants and their root growth, in interaction with animal trampling, can decrease the deleterious changes in soil structure caused by this system. Up to the present time, the physical soil modifications in crop-livestock systems, including oat and ryegrass crops for winter animal forages are unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify and to relate tensile strength, friability and soil organic carbon in an Oxisol under a crop-livestock system. The study was conducted in Campo Mourão - Paraná, Brazil. Four forage heights were used for the winter forages: 7, 14, 21 and 28 cm. For each forage height, five soil blocks were randomly collected from each layer of 0 - 0.1, 0.1 - 0.2 and 0.2 - 0.3 m of depth. The increase in carbon content promotes an increase in soil tensile strength at the 0.1 - 0.2 m soil depth, this layer having the highest values for tensile strength. The forage height of 21 cm was found to be the best height for soil friability, and the soil was very friable at this height. Despite a decrease in friability in the upper layers of the soil, the crop-livestock system was not found to be a limiting factor for the subsequent cultivation of annual crops.

scholarly journals Objectives of soil tillage related to field operations and soil management.

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
G.R. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
Wheel Track

The various tillage practices and field operations necessary for the growing and harvesting of crops are reviewed critically, with particular reference to possible ways of reducing these operations, with attendant benefits to soil structure and decreased costs. Particular reference is made to the possibilities of the reduction in cultivations made possible by the introduction of chemical techniques of controlling weeds. New minimum-tillage concepts and practices are discussed, including wheel-track planting and plough-planting techniques evolved in the USA for maize. See also Abs. 1182 and 1183.-P.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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