scholarly journals The Existence of Deuterotokous Reproduction Mode in the T. tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Cryptic Species Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Wondimagegn Atilaw Woldemelak
Keyword(s):  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Female Pupa ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate whether adult males could fertilize immature female pupae in the leek (L1) and tobacco-associated (T) Thrips tabaci lineages and to investigate the potential effects of mother to son inbreeding on the appearance of deuterotokous females in the T lineage. To confirm the pupal insemination, a single female pupa was exposed to a single adult male for 24 hours. The removal of a male from the tube that contained the female pupa was made before the female pupa emerged to adulthood. Emerged female adults were isolated and reared individually and the sex of their progeny was determined in the larval stages. To examine a mother and son inbreeding, a single female adult was exposed to her son for 48 hours, and for two consecutive generations, the mode of reproduction was determined by identifying the sex of the progeny. This result showed that pupal insemination was not successful; thus, all the tested females produced only male progeny. Virgin inbred females produced both male and female progeny that refers to deuterotokous reproduction mode. Three virgin females produced a total of 20 females and 75 males in two consecutive generations. A study concluded that deuterotokous mode of reproduction is not a persistent mode of reproduction in the T lineage but is a result of irregularity in the mode of reproduction, and it might be changed because of brother and sister inbreeding and need further studies.

scholarly journals Thelytokous Reproduction of Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman 1889, Infesting Welsh Onion and Genetic Variation among Their Subpopulations

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Falguni Khan ◽  
Miltan Chandra Roy ◽  
Yonggyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Coi Sequences

Parthenogenesis is not uncommon in thrips. This asexual reproduction produces males (arrhenotokous) or female (thelytokous). Only females are found in the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman 1889) infesting Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) in several areas of Korea. To determine the reproduction mode of T. tabaci, thrips infesting Welsh onion were collected from different localities in Korea. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences were then assessed. Results showed that all test local populations had signature motif specific to a thelytokous type. These COI sequences were clustered with other thelytokous populations separated from arrhenotokous T. tabaci populations. In a laboratory test, individual rearing produced female progeny without any males. These results support that Korean onion thrips infesting Welsh onion have the thelytokous type of parthenogenesis. Local thrips populations exhibited significant variations in susceptibility to chemical and biological insecticides. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis indicated genetic variations of local populations. However, the genetic distance estimated from RAPD was independent of the actual distance among different local populations. These results suggest that genetic variations of T. tabaci are arisen from population subdivision due to asexual thelytokous reproductive mode.

Some Effects of Host Age on Parasitism by Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Different Ages

AbstractMortality of immature Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) was least on young house fly pupae (less than 48 hours old, at 24.5 ± 0.5 °C.) and increased with increasing host age. Increased mortality on old hosts was manifested principally as a decrease in female adult progeny, numbers of adult males and of mature diapause larvae remaining approximately constant. Reduction in the percentage of females in the adult progeny reared on old hosts probably resulted from superparasitism. This kills more female than male larvae and occurred more commonly on old hosts, each of which provides a smaller quantity of suitable food for the immature parasites. Adults reared on old hosts were smaller and relatively fewer of them were able to emerge. The proportion of the total mature parasite progeny that remained in diapause was greater on old hosts, probably because of qualitative differences in the food provided by hosts of different ages.

Atypical reproduction in a syllid worm: the stolon of Syllis rosea (Annelida, Syllidae) takes care of its offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Joachim Langeneck ◽  
Michela Del Pasqua ◽  
Margherita Licciano ◽  
Adriana Giangrande ◽  
Luigi Musco
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

AbstractThe family Syllidae, aside from representing the most species-rich family in Annelida, is characterized by a number of sexual and asexual reproductive strategies. With the exception of a few viviparous species, the subfamily Syllinae is characterized by schizogamous reproduction with pelagic larval stages and without parental care. Laboratory rearing of ripe specimens of Syllis rosea showed a different reproductive strategy, hitherto unknown in this subfamily. While male stolons rapidly degenerated after fertilization, female ones released large eggs in a gelatinous cluster attached to the middle-posterior chaetigers. The gel mass progressively compacted as a cocoon wrapped by the stolon body; 7 days after the deposition the larvae hatched out from the cocoon at the metatrochophore stage and the female stolon died after a few days. After hatching the larvae remained associated to the stolon, and young specimens of S. rosea survived up to the 3-chaetiger stage. Until now cocoon brooding by the stolon has only been reported for some Autolytinae. The production of gelatinous egg masses and parental care are known in basally branching clades within Syllidae, suggesting that this reproduction mode might retain some ancestral features. The scarce knowledge about reproductive cycles in Syllinae does not allow clarification whether this strategy is unique for S. rosea, or it occurs in other congeneric species. Further research is needed to understand possible relationships between sexual reproduction and phylogeny, stolon morphology and its adaptation to parental care, and ultimately between reproductive strategies and ecology.

Thrips atactus (Thysanoptera, Thripidae): first records of the male and host plant, intercepted in quarantine at Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2920 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
MASAMI MASUMOTO ◽  
KAZUSHIGE MINOURA
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Plant Quarantine ◽  
Eryngium Foetidum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ethanol Series

Thrips atactus Bhatti was described from a single female taken without host data at Sibpore, West Bengal (Bhatti, 1967, 1980), and this has remained the only known specimen apart from some adults recorded by Palmer (1992) from Nepal. Thus no biological information is available about this species. In Japanese plant quarantine, this species has been intercepted several times on Eryngium foetidum [Umbelliferae] from Laos and Thailand, also on roses from Nepal. Moreover, a male adult was intercepted recently together with a female adult. The male adult is here described for the first time, and the host plant recorded. The specimens were intercepted on imported plants by plant quarantine inspectors at Narita airport and Chubu airport, Japan. Thereafter, all specimens were mounted into Canada balsam after dehydration through an ethanol series, and slide mounted for microscope study. Abbreviations as follows are used: CB=Chubu airport, CPS=campaniform sensorium, NR=Narita airport.

Revision of the genus Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) in North and Central America

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2360 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. BAUMGARDNER ◽  
W. P. MCCAFFERTY
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Central American ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Central American Species

Changes to the taxonomy of North and Central America Leptohyphes (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) include the following. Leptohyphes ferruginus and L. apache are revalidated. The adult stage of L. ferruginus is diagnosed based upon subimagos and a reared female adult and a partially emerged male adult. Leptohyphes piraticus is placed as a junior synonym of L. ferruginus. Leptohyphes vulturnus and L. zelus are shown to be junior synonyms of L. zalope. Leptohyphes hispidus, L. lumas, L. spiculatus, and L. succinus are placed as junior synonyms of L. apache. Leptohyphes castaneus, L. tarsos, and L. consortis are placed as junior synonyms of L. sabinas. Leptohyphes brunneus is placed as a junior synonym of L. musseri. Leptohyphes lestes is newly reported from the USA. Numerous problems and errors asssociated with original descriptions of Leptohyphes species are discussed. A taxonomic key is presented to all known larval stages of North and Central American species of Leptohyphes.

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE LEAFHOPPER APHRODES BICINCTA (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) IN THE OTTAWA AREA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Chiykowski
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Early Instar

AbstractNymphs of the leafhopper Aphrodes bicincta (Schrank) first appeared in the field at the end of May or early June. Emergence of nymphs was protracted over a long period with second and third instar nymphs still being found when adult males were already present. Early instar nymphs were found on strawberry, Trifolium pratense L., T. hybridum L., Plantago major L., Taraxacum officinale Weber, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic., Erigeron canadensis L., and a species of Brassica. There was only one generation per year, the winter being spent in the egg stage. Eggs deposited in plants in the field hatched when brought into the greenhouse during the winter months.In greenhouse studies, eggs were most often found oviposited on the surface of the soil or completely embedded in the petioles of leaves and in clumps of peat moss. Although eggs held at room temperature (70°–75°F) occasionally hatched, cold treatment (45°–50°F) of several weeks resulted in eggs hatching in as short a time as 14 days following their return to room temperature. There were five instars in the nymphal stage. The first four were relatively uniform in length but the fifth was at least 3 days longer than any other instar. Male insects completed the nymphal stage in 38.4 days and female insects in 41.3 days. Descriptions and measurements of the five nymphal instars and male and female adult insects are given. Adult male insects survived well for about 4 weeks and then declined rapidly. Female survival remained relatively high for at least 8 weeks. Some females have lived for up to 20 weeks. Fecundity varied with one female producing 51 offspring and others producing 1.

A simple molecular identification method of the Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cryptic species complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Farkas ◽  
Zsuzsanna György ◽  
Annamária Tóth ◽  
Annamária Sojnóczki ◽  
József Fail
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Laboratory Colonies

AbstractThe onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889) is a key pest of a wide range of crops because of its ecological attributes such as polyphagy, high reproduction rate, ability to transmit tospoviruses and resistance to insecticides. Recent studies revealed that T. tabaci is a cryptic species complex and it has three lineages (leek-associated arrhenotokous L1-biotype, leek-associated thelytokous L2-biotype and tobacco-associated arrhenotokous T-biotype), however, the adults remain indistinguishable. T. tabaci individuals were collected from different locations of Hungary to create laboratory colonies from each biotypes. Mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) region was sequenced from morphologically identified individuals. After sequence analysis SNPs were identified and used for CAPS marker development, which were suitable for distinguishing the three T. tabaci lineages. Genetic analysis of the T. tabaci species complex based on mtCOI gene confirmed the three well-known biotypes (L1, L2, T) and a new biotype because the new molecular evidence presented in this study suggests T-biotype of T. tabaci forming two distinct (sub)clades (T1 and T2). This genetic finding indicates that the genetic variability of T. tabaci populations is still not fully mapped. We validated our developed marker on thrips individuals from our thrips colonies. The results demonstrated that the new marker effectively identifies the different T. tabaci biotypes. We believe that our reliable genotyping method will be useful in further studies focusing on T. tabaci biotypes and in pest management by scanning the composition of sympatric T. tabaci populations.

scholarly journals Description of immature stages of Ablabesmyia cordeiroi Neubern, 2013 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Lima DA SILVA ◽  
Galileu Petronilo da Silva DANTAS ◽  
Neusa HAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Region ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Larval Stages

ABSTRACT Abalesmyia cordeiroi Neubern was originally described based on adult males collected in the Amazon region; therefore, females and immatures of this species are unknown. In the present study, the pupal and larval stages of A. cordeiroi are described and illustrated. In addition, an amendment to the larval diagnosis of Ablabesmyia is provided.

scholarly journals A new phytotelm-breeding treefrog of the genus Nasutixalus (Rhacophoridae) from western Yunnan of China

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4388 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN-HUAN YANG ◽  
BOSCO PUI-LOK CHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Established Genus ◽  
Montane Rainforest

A new treefrog of the genus Nasutixalus is described from montane evergreen forest in Yingjiang County, in western Yunnan, China. The new species, Nasutixalus yingjiangensis sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: medium body size (SVL 39.5–40.0 mm in adult males, 47.5 mm in a single female); tympanum indistinct and covered with tubercles; disc diameter of third finger greater than tympanum diameter; dorsal skin relatively smooth, scattered with small tubercles, those on head and anterior dorsum of body more dense and more prominent; light brown above with a dark brown marking between eyes and two broad dark brown lateral strips on the dorsum; iris with a weak “X”-shaped, light colored marking; interorbital distance shorter than the upper eyelid width; comparatively short foot (mean TFL/SVL ratio 67.0% and 62.9% in males and female respectively). The new species appears to be forest-dependent and was found in well-preserved montane rainforest; it inhabits the canopy and breeds in tree holes during the rainy season. The type locality of the new species is an isolated forest fragment surrounded by degraded landscape and efforts are already underway to protect the site. Nasutixalus yingjiangensis sp. nov. represents the third known species of the newly established genus Nasutixalus. 

THE BIOLOGY OF THE MEADOW NEMATODE PRATYLENCHUS PRATENSIS (DE MAN) FILIPJEV 1936

1939 ◽  
Vol 17d (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
De Man

The meadow nematode completes its life cycle in 54 to 65 days—25 to 31 days from the larval stage to the adult, and 29 to 34 days from maturation to the second generation. Eggs are deposited by a single female at the rate of not more than one a day. The largest number of eggs laid by a single female in one place was sixteen, owing apparently to migratory habits. The total number of eggs from a single female could not be determined.The adult male and female and all larval stages of this species are capable of entering the roots of oats. They are very susceptible to desiccation. No living nematodes were recovered from invaded root tissue that was allowed to dry. In moist excised oat roots, the nematodes remained viable for more than 30 days, but in water the majority died within the same period. A ten-minute immersion of infested oat roots in hot water will destroy the meadow nematode only when the temperature is 120° F., or higher.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document