scholarly journals The Effects of Roadside Hazards on Road Accident Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Budzyński ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Łukasz Jeliński ◽  
Anna Gobis
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Safety Strategies ◽  
Accident Severity

Abstract The risk of becoming involved in an accident emerges when elements of the transport system do not operate properly (man – vehicle – road – roadside). The road, its traffic layout and safety equipment have a critical impact on road user safety. This gives infrastructural work a priority in road safety strategies and programmes. Run-off-road accidents continue to be one of the biggest problems of road safety with consequences including vehicle roll-over or hitting a roadside object. This type of incident represents more than 20% of rural accidents and about 18% of all road deaths in Poland. Mathematical models must be developed to determine how selected roadside factors affect road safety and provide a basis for new roadside design rules and guidelines.

scholarly journals Naive Explanations of Road Accidents: Self-Serving Bias and Defensive Attribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Bordel ◽  
Gérard Guingouain ◽  
Alain Somat ◽  
Florence Terrade ◽  
Anne-Valérie Aubouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Defensive Attribution

The aim of this article is to take into account the explanations given by people involved in road accident (drivers, passengers and witnesses) so as to consider preconisation susceptible to improve road safety. Testimonies from 205 reports of the French "Gendarmerie Nationale" were analysed. The results show the existence of actor (driver)/observer (passenger and witness) asymmetry in attribution. In fact, observers give as many internal explanations as external explanations, when actors give more external explanations than internal explanations. This result can be interpreted in term of self-serving bias (in so far as we note an effect of the severity of the outcomes on the drivers' explanations) and also can be interpreted according to the theory of defensive attribution (even if we fail to show that observers' explanations can be influenced by accident severity). Actors and observers explain events with different categories (actor/observer asymmetry bias), but use the same motivational strategies of protection: drivers would try to protect their self-esteem in order to avoid being held responsible for the accident (self-serving bias), while observers would try to protect themselves (defensive attribution) from the idea that they could find themselves in the same situation. Finally, we examine some preconisations likely to enhance the road safety.

scholarly journals Contactless Automated Express Evaluation of Damages to a Car Body by Visual Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
M. Tarasovа ◽  
N. Filkin ◽  
R. Yurtikov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
The Body ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Car Body ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Time Required

Explosive development of computer technologies and their availability made it possible to extensively focus nowadays on emerging state-of-the-art technologies, digitalization, artificial intelligence, and automated systems, including in the field of road safety. It would be reasonable to implement some technical devices in this respect to remove human factor and automate some procedures completed at the scene of a road accident. Automatically filled up road accident inspection records and, mainly, diagrams of the accident will reduce time required for the examining inspector and remove human factor. Ultimately, an automated road accident data sheet is suggested to be established. To tackle the issues above requires a technique to determine whether the produced damages to the car body result from the same road accident. The fact remains that there are circumstances when even vehicle trace examination would not do the job, in case of multiple corrosive damage to the body. In view of the above, a technique designed to determine whether the damages produced are caused at the same point of time gains its ground. A technique for a time-related corrosion examination is offered herein to cut expenditures for diagnostics and expert examination of road accidents. That will also eliminate the matters of argument with respect to the road accident evaluation in court. Among added benefits of the technique are that it is simple, quick to implement, and requires no human involvement. It is a well-established fact that each chemical element or a mixture of substances has its own timeinvariant color attributes which allows to determine availability of one or another substance during corrosion of metal surfaces, by emission from the surface in question.

scholarly journals Identification of Road Accident by using Black Spot Method Between Panthaghati to Dhalli Road

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-728
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Black Spots

In India road accidents are very serious problem because of large population and high traffic density of vehicles. Most of the road accidents occur mainly due to the negligence of driver and poor infrastructure only a few accidents occur due to the technical error of vehicles. The main purpose of this research paper is prevention of road traffic accidents and improvement of road safety in Shimla. Road safety is very important aspect of today’s life, so it is important that everybody should aware about road safety. To do this study a section of 12km length is chosen between Panthaghati to Dhalli in district Shimla on NH 5 where accidents black spots are identified for the section by analyzing secondary data used to prevent road accidents. In this study primary data is used for observing the road conditions and secondary data is used to find accidents black spot. Black Spot is a point or a place on the road where road accident occurs repeatedly one after another which is known as accident black spot. To identify these black spots we use weighted severity index (WSI) method. It is one the most reliable and effective method for determining the most proven accidents black spots. Shimla is a hilly area and it has narrow roads, blind curve and black spots which increase the chances of road traffic accidents. In past recent years road traffic accidents are increasing in Shimla and this study deals with identification of major issues causing road traffic accidents. This research paper helps to improve the road safety in Shimla because in this study the analysis has been done to identify the major problems responsible for gradually increasing road accidents. This research paper is also used in future research paper as reference purpose and it will also provide an overview to other researchers who want do their research on similar kind of topics.

scholarly journals Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Marcin Budzyński ◽  
Aleksandra Romanowska ◽  
Joanna Żukowska ◽  
Jacek Oskarbski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
National Road ◽  
Vision Zero

According to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than 60%. A number of factors have contributed to this result: improving the socioeconomic situation, improving road safety measures, changing road user behaviour and changing national road safety programmes. This article presents Poland’s approach to road safety and, in particular, Vision Zero, adopted in 2005. Poland’s road safety changed over the years as the country learned from its successes and failures. Tools for forecasting fatalities were developed and used to identify the main factors that have helped to reduce deaths. An assessment was conducted on how Poland could implement Vision Zero until 2050 under different road safety scenarios. It was found that in order to achieve the EU’s goal for 2030, Poland must reduce fatalities to 1200. While it is an ambitious goal, it is also an important step towards zero fatalities in 2050.

scholarly journals Accident Severity in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12s3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Severity

Among all the transportation services available, road transport is one of the most important services available. It acts as a feeder for the other services. According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, the road transport amounts to the traffic of about 87% related to the passenger and 60% related to the freight. Now, there is another field, where road transport is among the top list and that field is of road accidents. In 2016, about 150785 people died in road accidents. And as the population is increasing, there is also an increase in the rate of road accidents. So, it is vital to analyze the data of road accidents for future predictions and thereby developing proper measures for this increasing rate. Many factorsresult in accidents and many cases might not have been recorded. So, the available data may not be consistent, but the data is gathered mainly from the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and then the information was extracted from that data. This information is used for the statistical analysis for the prediction of a future road accident or accident severity.

scholarly journals Brainy Road Accident Mitigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
Dr. B. M. Vidyavathi
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

Many precious lives are lost due to road accidents because of over speeding and negligent driving every day. This is the matter of great concern for departments that deal with road safety and for the citizens. It is estimated that 80% of crashes and 65% of near collisions are due to driver’s lack of attention to traffic for three seconds before the event. The number of road crash deaths has increased by 31% from 2007 to 2017. As per the survey on the road accidents in India, according to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 1, 50,785 people were killed and another 4, 94,624 were injured in 4, 80,652 road crashes in India in 2016. Now day’s accidents are taking place at large scale. Majority of the accidents occurs due to the over speeding of vehicles, though there are speed limiting boards placed at the roadside of highways also at the road side in the city. But none of vehicles (drivers) follows the speed mentioned in the speed limit boards, due to which accidents occurs.

scholarly journals Predicting and Preventing Recommender System for Telangana Road Accidents

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Model Recognition

Today people are suffering with road accidents in world wide. Analyzing these Road accidents are the major challenge in identifying and predicting primary features related with catastrophes. All these features are valuable for anticipatory computes to conquer road mishaps. Integrating various analytics techniques can get better model recognition and avoid road mishaps. As road safety growing quiet apprehension, speedy analytics observes all safety techniques in dynamic to spot malfunction that may signifies road mishaps on identifying key features related with road , mishaps in Telangana state. In our propose work, a framework to analyze the road mishap with classification of accidents and clustering, which analyze mishap data of Telangana stated district wise. The proposed framework describes the recommendation system for predicting road accidents. For this, classify the road accidents into fatal, major and minor. We implemented district wise data into clustering and applying enhanced k-mean algorithm. Further, implemented similarity measures to detecting the places where the severity of accidents happened and also analysing the driver behaviour analysis while accidents occur. The implementation result reveals that the road accident prediction exhibits enhance in certain areas and those areas exists in districts should be the major concern to acquire anticipatory measure to conquer the road mishaps.

Improving the system of road safety indicators in the analysis of the quality of motor vehicle transportation

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
O. V. Mayboroda ◽  
◽  
B. A. Sarymsakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Probability Of Death

The article presents the results of the development of an integral indicator of road safety - the road safety coefficient. The value of the road safety coefficient shows how many times, at the same levels of motorization, the risk of death of a resident in road traffic (social risk) decreased/increased in comparison with the average social risk that existed in the world in the 40s of the last century, when there were no special programs on improving road safety. The use of the road safety coefficient allows you to compare the level of road safety in countries and regions with different populations and different levels of motorization. It is shown that social risk is a complex indicator, the value of which depends on the indicators of road safety at a lower level - the probability of participation of a resident in road traffic, which is equal to the value of motorization, the probability of death of a road user (transport risk), the probability of a road accident (active road safety), the intensity of road accidents (reliability of driving) and the average annual mileage of the car, the probability of death in a road accident (passive and post-accident safety). An equation is obtained that relates the value of social risk to the values of lower-level road safety indicators. The analysis of the level of road safety in Kyrgyzstan is carried out. It is shown how the condition of the traffic flow affects its average speed and the probability of road accidents. The influence of traffic flow density on its average speed and intensity of road accidents is considered. To assess the impact of the condition of a traffic flow on its average speed and road safety, the concept of the conventional density of a traffic flow is used. It is revealed that in the road conditions of Kyrgyzstan there is a critical conventional density, when exceeding it the transport risk, the probability of a road accident and the probability of death in a road accident begin to decrease rapidly with a further increase in the conventional density. The low efficiency of detection of exceeding a permitted speed when measuring the maximum speed of cars at certain points is shown. It is proposed to use the measurement of average speed on certain road sections as a means of reducing the number of drivers exceeding the speed limit.

scholarly journals A spatiotemporal appraisal of road traffic accident in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Muhammed Yahaya ◽  
◽  
Abdullahi Sani Yusuf ◽  
Inusa Musa ◽  
Fatima Ilyasu Maaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users

Purpose: Road accident has been claiming lives and no amount of research will be enough to expose the causes and dangers. This study appraises the causes and analyses the variation of road accidents in the Kaduna metropolis, intending to reduce it. Research methodology: The data used was obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps and complemented by the researchers’ field survey. Eight members of the research team went to the 24 bus stops identified each month rotationally. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in the analysis. Results: There was a high correlation of mortality and road accident injuries as confirmed by r-value 0.7 using pearson product moment correlation. Accidents occur most in the morning and afternoon and the season with most accident occurrence was the dry season. The combination of over speeding and other factors were the major causes of road accidents. Limitations: The study used data published in 2016, although a follow-up data verification was conducted in 2017 and 2018. Therefore, the study is old and the results might have changed and might not necessarily be reliable. Contribution: Road accidents hot spots areas, causes, and patterns were exposed to guide the road users in order to avoid the accident. The study can also be replicated in other study areas with similar characteristics.

scholarly journals New method of predicting the occurrence of road accidents in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii Vyrozhemskyi ◽  
Liudmyla Nahrebelna ◽  
Minenko Yevhen ◽  
Nataliia Bidnenko
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Data

Insufficient road safety level remains a serious problem in Ukraine. The number of people killed in road accidents in 2018 per 100 thousand of population is 9,11, while in the countries of the European Union, on average, this indicator is 5-6 deaths per 100 thousand of population. The growing number of vehicles and road users increases the likelihood of road accidents and, accordingly, the number of the suffered people increases. This regularity can be noted not only in our country, but also in the countries over the world. Method of prospective extrapolation is proposed for the prevention of road accidents which makes it possible to transfer the trends and links connected with the occurrence of road accidents in the past to the current period and for the future. To apply this method, it is necessary to have a qualitative statistical analysis of the road accident data. This provides an opportunity to foresee the occurrence of a particular type of accident, its location and the causes affecting its occurrence. By using the prospective extrapolation method, it is possible to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences, including reducing the number of fatal accidents to a minimum.

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