scholarly journals Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Marcin Budzyński ◽  
Aleksandra Romanowska ◽  
Joanna Żukowska ◽  
Jacek Oskarbski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
National Road ◽  
Vision Zero

According to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than 60%. A number of factors have contributed to this result: improving the socioeconomic situation, improving road safety measures, changing road user behaviour and changing national road safety programmes. This article presents Poland’s approach to road safety and, in particular, Vision Zero, adopted in 2005. Poland’s road safety changed over the years as the country learned from its successes and failures. Tools for forecasting fatalities were developed and used to identify the main factors that have helped to reduce deaths. An assessment was conducted on how Poland could implement Vision Zero until 2050 under different road safety scenarios. It was found that in order to achieve the EU’s goal for 2030, Poland must reduce fatalities to 1200. While it is an ambitious goal, it is also an important step towards zero fatalities in 2050.

scholarly journals The Effects of Roadside Hazards on Road Accident Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Budzyński ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Łukasz Jeliński ◽  
Anna Gobis
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Safety Strategies ◽  
Accident Severity

Abstract The risk of becoming involved in an accident emerges when elements of the transport system do not operate properly (man – vehicle – road – roadside). The road, its traffic layout and safety equipment have a critical impact on road user safety. This gives infrastructural work a priority in road safety strategies and programmes. Run-off-road accidents continue to be one of the biggest problems of road safety with consequences including vehicle roll-over or hitting a roadside object. This type of incident represents more than 20% of rural accidents and about 18% of all road deaths in Poland. Mathematical models must be developed to determine how selected roadside factors affect road safety and provide a basis for new roadside design rules and guidelines.

EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO DETECTING ROADS FOR PRIORITY PLANNING FOR ROAD SAFETY MEASURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Liydmila Nagrebelna ◽  
Olga Belenchuk ◽  
Oleksii Petrashenko
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Black Spots

The basic approaches for identifying dangerous road sections for prioritizing road safety measures are outlined. The effectiveness of the result depends on how well the areas where the road safety measures need to be implemented are identified. Suggestions for identifying dangerous places on the roads according to the statistics of traffic accidents using the methods of probability theory are given. On the basis of the analysis of statistics on roads with different number of adventures, limit values of the admissible number of adventures on sections of roads of different length are established. It is proved that it is necessary to create a comprehensive approach to solving a complex problem – improving road safety. Оne of the important approaches for the definition of dangerous road sections according to the data of road accidents, which is proposed by the authors, is the method of detection of sections (places) of concentration of road accidents (black spots). The purpose of this article is to: introduce an approach in road safety management to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences on Ukraine’s highways by first implementing measures to improve road conditions and improve road organization. The effectiveness of the result in reducing the number of traffic accidents depends on the areas so clearly identified that, in the first place, it is necessary to implement measures to improve road safety. That is why this approach was introduced in traffic safety management. The purposeful financing of measures, aimed primarily at eliminating such sites, will help to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences. Keywords: road safety, methods of analysis, dangerous road sections, place of concentration of road accidents, black spots, road accident.

scholarly journals MEASURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC COSTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS: APPROACHES AND METHODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
N. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Car Accidents

The article reviews the issues of measuring the value of human life as well as the socio-economic costs of road accidents. The vast amount of car accidents and the high volume of road accident deaths reflect the relevance of this topic. According to research of international organizations, Russia’s road safety levels are close to those found in developing countries. This fact raises the need for developing a new policy on ensuring road safety based on scientifically objective measures of potential socio-economic effects. Namely, the article analyzes how the current approaches and methods for measuring the value of human life can be adapted to assess the effects of fatal road accidents. The author was able to establish the most significant losses that occur from car accidents as well as the most widely applied methods used to quantify these costs. The conceptual framework of these methods relies on the Value of Human Capital and Willingness To Pay approaches. Among the main challenges of implementing these frameworks in Russia, the author cites the lack of statistical data that can be used to conduct these assessments. As part of the literature review the author assessed both Russian and foreign academic papers, that have previously focused on the issues of measuring socio-economics effects in both developed and developing nations. By analyzing the best global practices on road safety measures, the author was able to establish the main shortfalls of Russia in this area. In conclusion, the author provides a set of recommendations on enhancing the current statistical evidence base and improving ongoing monitoring systems for assessing the socio-economic costs of road accidents.

scholarly journals Smart alert for smart transportation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.7) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
K Kishore Kumar ◽  
Atmakuri Sravan Kumar ◽  
Sunkari Amarnadh Gupta ◽  
Sure Venkata Naga Parvesh
Keyword(s):  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
General Rules

Road accident is mostly happened to a road user, though they happen quite often. The most unfortunate thing is that we don't learn from our mistakes on road. Most of the road users are quite well aware of the general rules and safety measures while using roads but it is only the laxity on part of road users, which cause accidents and crashes. Main cause of accidents and crashes are due to human errors. Many of the road accidents occurs in the human errors by overriding, drink and drive and don’t follow safety precautions on roads. Various national and international researchers have found these as most common behavior of Road drivers, which leads to accidents [4].So, we came up with an application to alert hospital emergency and cops. all the users can easily handle this application when accident emergency occur. In the same way we can save life of a person by occur road accident.

scholarly journals Factors related to the increasing number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians in a Swedish urban region 2003–17

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. e158-e164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Värnild ◽  
Per Tillgren ◽  
Peter Larm
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Space ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
National Road ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Vision Zero

Abstract Background The number of seriously injured unprotected road users has increased during implementation of a road safety policy Vision Zero. The aim of the study is to identify factors associated with the increase in serious injuries among cyclists and pedestrians (even single pedestrian accidents) that occurred in an urban road space in a Swedish region 2003–17. The urban road space includes roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Methods Data were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) and NVDB (National Road Database). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression with odds ratios for sex, age and part of road space were assessed. Results The number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians more than doubled from 2003 to 2017, with the greatest increase for pedestrians. Older age increased the probability of serious injury since 2012 for the group ≥ 80 years and since 2015 for the group 65–79 years. No significant effect of sex. Most injuries occur in areas not transformed by Vision Zero. Conclusions An increasing number of elderly persons in the generation born in the 1940s and increased life expectancy are important factors. There is a need to increase road safety measures that also promote active mobility.

scholarly journals Macro Models of Casualties in Road Transport / Modelowanie Strat Osobowych W Transporcie Drogowym

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
On The Road

Abstract To ensure that road transport safety measures are effective and efficient, forecast tools should be applied to help with strategic decision-making. Models of road safety measures provide such tools. The paper presents a proposed macro model of road accident casualties. The proposed models of road accident fatalities are built from a database covering more than fifty countries worldwide. The concepts of model design can be used for developing factor-based models to describe strategic societal risk on the road networks of selected countries worldwide. One of the concepts was applied to model the number of road accident fatalities. The analyses used Smeed’s model and its modifications developed for the needs of this analysis.

Road Safety Model: Some Fundamental Ideas

1996 ◽  
Vol 1563 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. D. Navin ◽  
Arthur Bergan ◽  
Guanyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Accident Statistics

A fundamental relationship has been developed that explains road accident statistics in developed and developing countries. The model uses two variables, traffic hazard measured as deaths per vehicle and motorization measured as vehicles per person, to estimate personal hazard as deaths per person. Special cases of the model are those by Smeed, Trinca et al., and Koornstra. The model of fatalities has two extremes. Early motorization has high traffic hazard and personal safety is low and increasing. Full motorization is characterized by a moderate and falling traffic hazard and a low and decreasing personal safety. Between these extremes, there is a maximum number of fatalities per population. Models for personal injury and total road accidents in developed countries appear to follow a similar trend. Available world data fit the proposed relationships well. The models allow planners and engineers to estimate the future maximum road fatalities for developing countries. The model has been extended to incorporate an automobile ownership model that explains some of the growth in motorization. A traffic hazard model is also outlined, in part on the basis of the ideas developed by Koornstra. The extended models should allow a more detailed analysis of some of the social and engineering factors that contribute to road safety.

scholarly journals Studies on the impact of the technical characteristics of local roads on road safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gaca ◽  
Mariusz Kieć
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Local roads (district roads) constitute an important part of the road network in Poland, making up around 29.7 % (124,945 km) of all public roads. In 2017, 10,578 accidents, which is 35.7% of all accidents in Poland, took place on local roads. These roads are used primarily by regular users who are very familiar with the defects of these roads. This means that the effects of the low technical standard of local roads and the insufficient number of road traffic devices on the safety on the road can be partly compensated for by the fact that drivers adjust their behaviour to the conditions on the road. This hypothesis can be verified through developing dependency models of road safety measures of local roads’ and technical characteristics. The article presents the research carried out based on regression models of accident prediction. The models were developed with the use of the data on the road surroundings arrangement (built-up areas, access), road condition and the extent of signposting, including data on speed limits and overtaking as well as risk exposure variables. Due to the incomplete data on accidents and the small number of accidents, different approaches to the modelling of the number of road accidents were applied.

Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chiavassa ◽  
Raphael Dewez
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Road User ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Development Goals

The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.

Multisystem Trauma: Relevance of the Injury Pattern to the Prognosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singbartl
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
Emergency Care System ◽  
Safety Belts

Although road accidents account for about 17% of hospital emergencies, they are the third commonest cause of death. Polytrauma is the main cause of death below the age of 40 years. Legislative action and safety measures (i.e. speed restriction, safety belts, safety helmets) and improvement in the hospital emergency care system in Germany resulted in a continuous reduction in road accident victims from about 19,000 in 1979 to about 12,000 in 1983. Additionally, the fall in personal injury resulted in savings of about 7,900 DM (US $3,000) in cases of minor injury, 79,000 DM (30,000 US$) in cases of severe injury and about 685,000 DM (280,000 US$) in cases where lives were saved.

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