scholarly journals Point-of-service diagnostic technology for detection of swine viral diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lapo Nannucci ◽  
Paolo Barattini ◽  
Ioannis Bossis ◽  
Grzegorz Woźniakowski ◽  
Gyula Balka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Time Required

AbstractIntroductionA research project is underway aiming to develop a field diagnostic tool for six important viruses of the pig sector, namely: African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus (PCV2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV).Material and MethodsTo obtain a preliminary sounding of the interest in this type of instrument among its potential operators, a questionnaire was drawn up and submitted to three categories of stakeholders: farmers, veterinarians, and others (including scientific and technical staff working on animal farms). Four countries participated: Italy, Greece, Hungary, and Poland.ResultsIn total, 83 replies were collected and analysed in a breakdown by stakeholder type and pertinence, where the areas were the importance of the main diseases within the different countries, diagnostic tool operational issues, and economic issues.ConclusionThe main end-users of this kind of instrument are expected to be private veterinarians and pig producers. The infectious agents seeming to be most interesting to diagnose with the instrument are PRRSV, SIV, PPV, and PCV2. The most decisive parameters which have been selected by the stakeholders are sensitivity, cost, simplicity, and time required to obtain results. The economic issue analysis showed that the majority of those who would prefer to buy rather than rent the device are willing to pay up to €3,000 for a diagnostic field tool.

scholarly journals Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ouyang ◽  
Xinwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Liu ◽  
Linzhu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent that causes porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVAD), which are present in every major swine-producing country in the world. PCV2 infections may downregulate the host immune system and enhance the infection and replication of other pathogens. However, the exact mechanisms of PCVD/PCVAD are currently unknown. To date, many studies have reported that several cofactors, such as other swine viruses or bacteria, vaccination failure, and stress or crowding, in combination with PCV2, lead to PCVD/PCVAD. Among these cofactors, co-infection of PCV2 with other viruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus, swine influenza virus and classical swine fever virus have been widely studied for decades. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge regarding swine co-infection with different PCV2 genotypes or strains, as well as with PCV2 and other swine viruses.

A multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus, highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pseudorabies in swines

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hu ◽  
X.Y. Lin ◽  
Z.X. Yang ◽  
X.P. Yao ◽  
G.L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Highly Pathogenic

Abstract In this assay, we developed and evaluated a multiplex PCR (mPCR) for its ability in detecting multiple infections of swine simultaneously. Four pairs of primers were used to detect five viruses. Specific primers were designed for classical swine fever virus (CSFV), African swine fever virus (ASFV) and pseudorabies (PRV). A pair of primers was designed prudently for two different types of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that respectively were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV). The detection limits of the mPCR were 1.09×104, 1.50×103, 2.10×103, 1.30×103 and 8.97×102 copies/reaction for CSFV, ASFV, HP-PRRSV, PRRSV and PRV, respectively. A total of 49 clinical specimens were tested by the mPCR, and the result showed that co-infection by two or three viruses was 51%. In conclusion, the PCR is a useful tool for clinical diagnosis of not only single infections but also mixed infections in swines.

scholarly journals Porcine Dendritic Cells and Viruses: An Update

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Franzoni ◽  
Simon P. Graham ◽  
Silvia Dei Giudici ◽  
Annalisa Oggiano
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Several viral infections of swine are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. New tools are needed to prevent and control endemic, emerging, and re-emerging viral diseases. Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in linking the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, so knowledge regarding their interaction with pathogens is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying diseases pathogenesis and protection. In the first part of this review, we provide an update on the heterogeneous cell subsets that comprise the porcine DC family. In the second part of this review, we provide an overview of how three viruses, affecting pork production at a global level, African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), modulate DC function.

scholarly journals Salt inactivation of classical swine fever virus and African swine fever virus in porcine intestines confirms the existing in vitro casings model

2019 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 108424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinka Jelsma ◽  
Joris J. Wijnker ◽  
Bregtje Smid ◽  
Eline Verheij ◽  
Wim H.M. van der Poel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus

Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Opriessnig ◽  
L. G. Giménez-Lirola ◽  
P. G. Halbur
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

AbstractRespiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious factors are important in the initiation and outcome of cases of PRDC, the focus of this review is on infectious factors only. There are a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens commonly associated with PRDC including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(MHYO) andPasteurella multocida(PMULT). The pathogenesis of viral respiratory disease is typically associated with destruction of the mucocilliary apparatus and with interference and decrease of the function of pulmonary alveolar and intravascular macrophages. Bacterial pathogens often contribute to PRDC by activation of inflammation via enhanced cytokine responses. With recent advancements in pathogen detection methods, the importance of polymicrobial disease has become more evident, and identification of interactions of pathogens and their mechanisms of disease potentiation has become a topic of great interest. For example, combined infection of pigs with typically low pathogenic organisms like PCV2 and MHYO results in severe respiratory disease. Although the body of knowledge has advanced substantially in the last 15 years, much more needs to be learned about the pathogenesis and best practices for control of swine respiratory disease outbreaks caused by concurrent infection of two or more pathogens. This review discusses the latest findings on polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs.

scholarly journals African swine fever virus infection in Classical swine fever subclinically infected wild boars

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cabezón ◽  
Sara Muñoz-González ◽  
Andreu Colom-Cadena ◽  
Marta Pérez-Simó ◽  
Rosa Rosell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Wild Boars
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