scholarly journals Multi-criteria Evaluation of Railway Transport Using Evaluation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Štefan Čarný ◽  
Adrián Šperka ◽  
Vladislav Zitrický
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Business Partner ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Dominant Market Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe arrival of new customers along the new Iron Silk Road also brings new transport opportunities. The liberalization of railway transport has created many wagons over the railway market throughout the EU, especially in the field of freight transport. Choosing the preferable carrier that can fit the needs of customers is challenging. Each rail freight operator currently shapes its profile by focusing on a specific group of commodities as a matter of priority. By specializing, they gain a dominant market position in their sector that helps them to maintain and expand their clientele. The article aims at bringing a decisive system with clear rules and standards for choosing the right business partner in the freight railway market. The article is designed as a case study that starts with an analysis of four different freight carriers. Other parts of the article are about the evaluation of their ability to meet the needs of a customer.

scholarly journals Possible Assessment Method of Green Infrastructure in the Case of Small Town Keszthely, Hungary

Land Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p21
Author(s):  
Vera Iváncsics ◽  
Krisztina Filepné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Recently the planning of green infrastructure (GI) has become a general practice around metropolis (Paris, München, Budapest, etc). A complex methodology is required that goes beyond the scope of traditional green surface systems. However, there are various policy implications in the EU, the smaller towns are lagging to apply them. The paper presents a potential evaluation method through the case study of Keszthely, HU. As Keszthely at Balaton Riviera, is a popular touristic target of CEE, the environmental planning is an essential part of sustainable development. After a literature analyses of assessment methods of GI and ecosystem services, the aspects of GI have been valued on grade scales, based on field surveys and indicators. The current status of the GI was surveyed which is a base for further development and monitoring activities. The paper introduces the methodology, which contributes to preservation of ecosystems.

The Relation between the Charter's Fundamental Rights and the Unwritten General Principles of EU Law: Good Administration as the Test Case

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwig C.H. Hofmann ◽  
C. Mihaescu
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Right To Good Administration ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU – Multiple sources of fundamental rights in the EU legal system – Non-hierarchical, pluralistic understanding of their interrelationship – Case study: the right to good administration – Difficulties in defining the scope of the right to good administration under the Charter and that of the right to good administration as a general principle of EU law – Adoption of a pluralistic understanding of the EU fundamental rights’ sources allows for a clarification and improved understanding of the individual's rights in the EU legal system

scholarly journals The Right of Irregular Immigrants to Outstanding Remuneration under the EU Sanctions Directive: Rethinking Domestic Labour Policy in a Globalised World

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Current Approach ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Labour Policy ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
The Right ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article will analyse the provisions of, and the rationale for, the EU Sanctions Directive and the significant divergence in treatment of irregular immigrants in EU Member States, in particular, in relation to the provision of outstanding remuneration, which the EU Sanctions Directive has highlighted. Ireland, a state that has chosen to opt-out of the Directive, has been selected as a case study to analyse some of the issues that states encounter in bringing domestic labour policy in line with globalisation. In particular, this article will address the phenomenon of irregular immigration to Ireland, the current approach to the provision of outstanding remuneration and the rationale behind this current approach. Finally, the article will conclude that the reasoning behind the Irish opt-out was based upon misinformed assumptions about the purpose of the provision of outstanding remuneration arising out of a ‘disconnect’ between immigration and labour policy at a domestic level.

scholarly journals GIS-Based Spatial and Multi-Criteria Assessment of Riverine Flood Potential: A Case Study of the Nitra River Basin, Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Matej Vojtek ◽  
Jana Vojteková ◽  
Quoc Bao Pham
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Analytical Hierarchical Process ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study was to identify the areas with different levels of riverine flood potential (RFP) in the Nitra river basin, Slovakia, using multi-criteria evaluation (MCE)-analytical hierarchical process (AHP), geographic information systems (GIS), and seven flood conditioning factors. The RFP in the Nitra river basin had not yet been assessed through MCE-AHP. Therefore, the methodology used can be useful, especially in terms of the preliminary flood risk assessment required by the EU Floods Directive. The results showed that classification techniques of natural breaks (Jenks), equal interval, quantile, and geometric interval classified 32.03%, 29.90%, 41.84%, and 53.52% of the basin, respectively, into high and very high RFP while 87.38%, 87.38%, 96.21%, and 98.73% of flood validation events, respectively, corresponded to high and very high RFP. A single-parameter sensitivity analysis of factor weights was performed in order to derive the effective weights, which were used to calculate the revised riverine flood potential (RRFP). In general, the differences between the RFP and RRFP can be interpreted as an underestimation of the share of high and very high RFP as well as the share of flood events in these classes within the RFP assessment. Therefore, the RRFP is recommended for the assessment of riverine flood potential in the Nitra river basin.

scholarly journals Challenges and future directions in LC-MS-based multiclass method development for the quantification of food contaminants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Steiner ◽  
Alexandra Malachová ◽  
Michael Sulyok ◽  
Rudolf Krska
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Coupling Techniques ◽  
The Eu

AbstractMonitoring of food contaminants and residues has undergone a significant improvement in recent years and is now performed in an intensive manner. Achievements in the area of chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling techniques enabled the development of quantitative multi-target approaches covering several hundred analytes. Although the majority of methods are focusing on the analysis of one specific group of substances, such as pesticides, mycotoxins, or veterinary drugs, current trends are going towards the simultaneous determination of multiclass compounds from several families of contaminants and residues. This work provides an overview of relevant multiclass concepts based on LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS instruments. Merits and shortcomings will be critically discussed based on current performance characteristics of the EU legislation system. In addition, the discussion of a recently developed multiclass approach covering >1000 substances is presented as a case study to illustrate the current developments in this area.

scholarly journals Third State Obligations under the ICESCR: A Case Study of EU Sugar Policy

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Vandenhole
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
State Obligations ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

AbstractObligations incumbent on other states than the domestic state party under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) are contested. By way of case study, the third state obligation to respect under the ICESCR is identified and clarified through a human rights assessment of the EU sugar regime. It is submitted that the European Union (EU) member states, all of which are states parties to the ICESCR, are in violation of their third state obligation to respect the right to an adequate standard of living of small sugar producers in the South by support for or condonation of the regime of sugar subsidies for surplus production and export dumping to the South.

scholarly journals EU Coordination of Serious Cross-Border Threats to Health: The Implications for Protection of Informed Consent in National Pandemic Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-651
Author(s):  
Hannah VAN KOLFSCHOOTEN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Member States ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

This article discusses the development of a more supranational EU approach to regulate risks of “serious cross-border threats to health” such as pandemic disease outbreaks. It argues that the EU’s public health measures to prevent and tackle pandemics could affect individual patients’ rights, because the rights of individual European citizens are balanced against the importance of protecting the European community as a whole. This results in a tension between public health and individual rights in the EU, especially with regard to the right to informed consent, a central right in health law. In response to the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, the EU introduced several preventive and responsive measures in the Member States to prevent the pandemic from spreading to the EU. The case study analysis of Dutch pandemic policies established in reaction to this outbreak shows that national pandemic policies are substantially shaped by EU actions, which has implications for the protection of the individual right to informed consent in the Member States.

scholarly journals Human security at the Mediterranean borders: humanitarian discourse in the EU periphery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Panebianco
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
Counter Argument ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article provides a re-conceptualization of human security by exploring humanitarian discourse in the EU periphery. It analyzes human security at the Mediterranean borders by focusing on humanitarian, migrant-centered discourse concerned with defending the world’s most vulnerable populations (Barnett in Annual Review of Political Science 16(1): 379-398, 2013). Empirical research has detected humanitarian discourse defending migrants’ rights, based on claims for the right to be free from inhuman treatment (Aradau in Millennium: Journal of International Studies 33(2): 251–77, 2004), as a counter-argument to the defense and closure of the borders. A humanitarian discourse focused on the alleviation of migrants’ physical and mental suffering erupted at the EU periphery when the Italian government denied a port of safety to the SeaWatch3 vessel in January 2019. This case study provides an example of center-periphery conflictual dynamics. The Italian government, defending the EU/Italian borders by closing the Italian ports, was challenged by actors mobilizing pressure, shaming the state into compliance and requesting pro-migrant legislation.

Using the Multi Criteria Analysis Method PROMENTHEE II to Select the Optimal CCHP System: A Case Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Yin Jing ◽  
Jun-Hong Zhao ◽  
Jiang-Jiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Preference Function ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
System A ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Combined Cooling ◽  
Selection Of

The PROMENTHEE II method is employed to evaluate five combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) system systems using four aspects such as technology, economy, environment, and society. The CCHP systems with dynamical sources respectively are gas engine, gas turbine, Stiring engine, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a separate plant. The prime of the multi criteria evaluation method is the selection of preference function and calculation of the net flow. The criterion with linear preference function is applied to compare the five systems. The result shows that the SOFC mode is the optimal scheme in terms of the net flow. To verify the robustness of the PROMENTHEE II, the sensitivity analysis is done by exchanging the criteria weight. The result shows that PROMENTHEE II method is practical and convenient and it can provide a reliable evaluation result for CCHP systems.

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