Cyclic Changes of Climate in Europe During the Last Millenium According to Dendrological Data

Abstract The paper discusses periodic climate changes in Europe determined on the basis of dendrochronological data dating back one thousand years. In tree-ring width sequences of trees growing in Poland there are approximately 8-, 11-, 100- and 180- year periods. The tree-ring widths of oaks growing in Poland for the last centuries are characterised, without any significant amplitude, by 8- and 11-year periods (Tab. 1). In turn, chronologies of pine, spruce, larch, oak and fir growing in Europe are characterised by 100- and 180-year periods (Tab. 2). Cycles of dendrochronological variables approximate cycles of air temperature and North Atlantic Oscillation NAO as well as those of solar activity. The forecast of annual growth (ring width) for 2001-2100 was calculated by interference of the tree-ring width cycles determined by the sinusoidal regression method. Because of much longer empirical sequences of specific periods, the credibility of forecasts for tree-ring widths is greater than that for air temperature.

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Independent Aridity and Drought Pieces of Evidence Based on Meteorological Data and Tree Ring Data in Southeast Banat, Vojvodina, Serbia

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10100586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 586 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milivoj B. Gavrilov ◽

Wenling An ◽

Chenxi Xu ◽

Milica G. Radaković ◽

Qingzhen Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Ring Width ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Aridity Index ◽

Precipitation Trend ◽

Positive Temperature ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Tree Ring Data

In this study, aridity data and tree ring data were collected in Northern Serbia, in Southeast (SE) Banat, a subregion within Vojvodina, and Vojvodina at large. They were each investigated independently. The De Martonne Aridity Index and the Forestry Aridity Index are derived from examining the relationship between precipitation and surface air temperature data sets sourced from seven meteorological stations in SE Banat, and from 10 meteorological stations located in Vojvodina as a whole. Vojvodina is a large territory and used as the control area, for the period 1949–2017. The Palmer Drought Severity Index was derived for the period 1927–2016, for both SE Banat and the totality of Vojvodina. The results of the Tree Ring Width Index were obtained from samples collected in or around the villages of Vlajkovac and Šušara, both located in SE Banat, for the period 1927–2017. These tree ring records were compared with three previous aridity and drought indices, and the meteorological data on the surface air temperature and the precipitation, with the objective being to evaluate the response of tree growth to climate dynamics in the SE Banat subregion. It was noted that the significant positive temperature trends recorded in both areas were too insufficient to trigger any trends in aridity or the Tree Ring Width Index, as neither displayed any change. Instead, it appears that these climatic parameters only changed in response to the precipitation trend, which remained unchanged during the investigated period, rather than in response to the temperature trend. It appears that the forest vegetation in the investigated areas was not affected significantly by climate change in response to the dominant temperature increase.

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Analysis of basal area increment of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. at different altitudes and aspects on Jocotitlán Mountain, State of Mexico

REVISTA CHAPINGO SERIE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE ◽

10.5154/r.rchscfa.2019.10.074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 73-88

Author(s):

Angélica Núñez-García ◽

◽

Armando Gómez-Guerrero ◽

Teresa M. Terrazas-Salgado ◽

J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Basal Area ◽

Climatic Variables ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Tree Age ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Pinus Hartwegii ◽

Different Altitudes

Introduction: Basal area increment (BAI) is an indicator of forest productivity that varies with tree age and site factors such as soil and climate. Objective: To generate tree-ring width index (RWI) and BAI chronologies of Pinus hartwegii Lindl., relate them to climatic variables, and study the variation in BAI at different altitudes and aspects. Materials and methods: Four observation sites were identified, combining northwest (NW) and southwest (SW) aspects, as well as altitudes of 3 800 and 3 700 m. At each site, the temperature was recorded every four hours for 435 days and 32 growth ring segments were collected using a Pressler´s increment borer. Tree-ring width was measured and BAI was calculated; the correlation index between these indicators and the climatic variables was Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results and discussion: The RWI series from the four observation sites had an intercorrelation of 0.33 (P < 0.01). Two low-growth periods were detected, one between 1950 and 1960 and the other between 1990 and 2005. Site SO-3700 had a different growth pattern, due to a second growth phase beginning in 1978, possibly a benefit resulting from increased temperature. The previous autumn temperature, spring temperature and April-September precipitation of the current year explained the variation in BAI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The BAI of P. hartwegii could respond favorably to the predicted increases in temperature at an altitude of 3 700 m with southwest aspect.

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Diagnostic features of Fraxinus excelsior L. with wavy-grained wood growing in Ukraine

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2013-0018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 189-195

Author(s):

Ivan Sopushynskyy ◽

Alfred Teischinger

Keyword(s):

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Wood Formation ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Average Width ◽

Oven Drying ◽

Annual Growth Ring ◽

Growth Ring Width ◽

The Aesthetic

Abstract. The paper presents analysis of biometric features of ash with wavy-grained wood, which has decorative appeal. The research results shows that fresh broadleaves ash forest stands growing in the Vinnytsya and Sokyryany Regions of Ukraine have high potential for growing curly ash. The differences between straight-grained and wavygrained wood density and macrostructure were analysed and estimated. Statistical evaluation of the aesthetic macrostructure of wood characteristics indicated that the length of wave varied from 3,25 to 10,83 mm and its amplitude varied from 0,37 to 1,74 mm. The average width and mean height of anomalies in wood formation were equal to 15,89 mm and 5,00 mm, and their mean occurrence was 30 times m-2. Average annual growth ring width of wavy-grained ash wood was clearly greater (by 25%) than that of straight-grained wood. The density of wavy-grained wood was 82 kg·m-3 higher than straight-grained wood after oven-drying and 70 kg·m-3 higher prior to oven-drying

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Prediction of shear strength parallel to grain in clear wood of oak (Quercus robur L.) on the basis of shear plane orientation, density and anatomical traits

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2021-0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Guillermo Riesco Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Shear Plane ◽

Mean Value ◽

Clear Wood ◽

Oak Wood ◽

Annual Growth Ring ◽

Growth Ring Width ◽

Western Spain

Abstract Oak wood is popular for use in construction and as flooring. Evaluating the mechanical strength of oak timber is difficult and time consuming. Therefore, models for predicting mechanical properties, based on easy-to-obtain variables, may be useful. The purpose of the study was to build models for predicting shear strength parallel-to-grain in oak clear wood. With this goal, the shearing resistance was tested on 198 defect-free specimens (target dimensions 50 × 50 mm in tested section) obtained from a sample of 40 oak trees felled in north-western Spain. The mean shear strength of the sampled oak wood provenance was 15 N mm−2, which was almost equal to the highest mean value reported in previous studies. Analysis of the relationships between the variables tested enabled development of a model relating shear strength parallel to grain at 12% moisture content, with air-dry wood density and angle between tangential and shear plane as predictor variables ( R adj 2 ${R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}$ = 0.61, p < 0.01, bias = −0.80%, RMSE = 13.66%, for wood with wavy grain; R adj 2 ${R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}$ = 0.36, p < 0.01, bias = −1.46%, RMSE = 17.22%, for wood without wavy grain). The independence of shear strength relative to the presence/absence of sapwood or the annual growth ring width was also demonstrated.

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Dendrochronology and extreme pointer years in the tree-ring record (AD 1951–2011) of polar willow from southwestern Spitsbergen (Svalbard, Norway)

Geochronometria ◽

10.1515/geochr-2015-0035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 84-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Piotr Owczarek ◽

Magdalena Opała

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Ring Width ◽

The Arctic ◽

Growth Variability ◽

Dwarf Shrubs ◽

Pointer Years ◽

Growth Ring Width ◽

Annual Growth Rings

AbstractGreater warmth and precipitation over the past several decades in the High Arctic, as recorded in meteorological data, have caused shrub expansion and affected growth ring widths. The main aim of the study was to develop a tree-ring chronology of polar willow (Salix polarisWahlenb.) from southwest Spitsbergen, attempt to explain its extreme pointer years (extremely low value of growth-ring widths) and to demonstrate the dendrochronological potential of this species. This plant is a deciduous, prostrate, creeping dwarf shrub that produces anatomically distinct annual growth rings with the consistent ring width variation. After using serial sectioning we developed rigorously cross-dated ring width chronology covering the period 1951–2011. Since the beginning of the 1980s an increase of the mean and maximum growth ring width has been observed which is consistent with the increase of both temperature and precipitation in the Arctic reported from meteorological sources. Nine negative extreme years were distinguished and explained by complex hydroclimatic drivers, which highlight the importance of availability of moisture from snowpack and spring precipitation. An additional negative factor present in the years with very low dwarf shrubs growth is rapid thawing and fast freezing during winter as well as low sunshine duration. Our results contradict the prior assumption that inter-annual tree growth variability of dwarf shrubs from polar regions is controlled simply by temperature.

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Climatic signals in tree-ring width and stable isotopes composition of Pinus sylvestris L. Growing in the industrialized area nearby Kędzierzyn-Koźle

Geochronometria ◽

10.1515/geochr-2015-0070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 240-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Barbara Sensuła ◽

Sławomir Wilczyński

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Ring Width ◽

Spectrometric Analysis ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

The Impact

Abstract The main aims of these studies were dendrochronological and mass spectrometric analysis of the impact of climate on tree rings width and stable isotopes composition in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The conifers were growing in the vicinity of chemical and nitrogen factories in Kędzierzyn-Koźle (Poland) in the period of time from 1920s to 2012 AD. The combined usage of tree ring width and isotopic composition data provides historic records of the environment changes. These data allows identifying the behavior adaptation of pine growing under pollution stress to climate changes. The incremental rhythm of the studied pine populations was not identical, probably due to their different sensitivities to some climatic factors. This study evidences that the isotopic records in tree-rings α-cellulose may be sensitive bio-indicators of the way that the components of air and water may be changed by the trees in response to the climate changes and anthropogenic effects. The water use efficiency may be strongly correlated with variability of the surface temperature that may be due to increase of CO2 emission.

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Influence of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth rings width on the strength properties of structural sawn timber

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.3.5402-5416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 5402-5416

Author(s):

Piotr Mankowski ◽

Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska ◽

Slawomir Krzosek ◽

Marek Grzeskiewicz

Keyword(s):

Growth Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Annual Rings ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Entire Cross Section ◽

Class A ◽

Annual Growth Ring ◽

Growth Ring Width

Annual growth ring width was considered relative to the mechanical properties of timber from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. The timber was acquired from raw wood aged approximately 120 years old, with log quality A, B, and C. The study was conducted on 210 pieces of timber; 70 of them were from each part of the log: butt, middle, and top. The tested parameters, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), were measured on fully dimensional timber (40 × 138 × 3500 mm3) that had been dried and planed in industrial conditions. The density of wood (stereometric method) and annual rings width were calculated after MOR and MOE determination on samples including the entire cross-section cut near the failure zone. The tests revealed that the correlation between the width of growth rings and MOE or MOR depended on the log area: it was the highest for timber from butt logs and the lowest for timber from top logs. Moreover, the correlation between growth ring width and MOE or MOR depended also on the quality class of the logs from which the samples were obtained: it was the highest for timber from class A, and the lowest for class C.

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