scholarly journals Financial aspects of research and development policy in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jerzy Baruk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Empirical Material

Summary In the article the author has attempted to realise the following goals: 1) identifying and critical assessment of the share of expenditure on research and development (R&D) in the gross domestic product (GDP) borne by business entities concentrated in four sectors (enterprises, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) and jointly in all sectors. This meter is treated as an indirect measure of the level of managerial activity in shaping the research and development policy, 2) checking the thesis that R&D expenditure are changeable and differ in the particular Member States and does not give a clear positive picture of the systematic and dynamic growth of research and development activity in these countries. The article was developed using the following research methods: critical-cognitive analysis of the literature; statistical and comparative analysis of the “Eurostat” empirical material; the projection. The statistical and comparative analysis of the secondary empirical material “Eurostat” illustrating the share of expenditure on research and development in the gross domestic product was used to check the thesis. The results of the analysis confirm the rightness of the research thesis.

EVALUATION OF EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FROM TURKEY TO LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė JOTAUTAITĖ ◽  
Eglė JOTAUTIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Textile Products

In this paper, export opportunities of textile products from Turkey to Lithuania are analyzed. The main goal of this article is to present an analysis of the opportunities to import textile products from Turkey to Lithuania. The empirical research basing on the statistical database analysis was used. The analysis of Turkey’s markets was showed that the economy is strongly dependent on exports of various products from Turkey and it is about one forth of Turkey’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The bulk of exports from Turkey is t o countries in the European Union. Turkey is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters of textiles. The analysis of Lithuanian markets was indicated that Lithuania has a feasible market for imports due to its fast growing GDP, increasing labor wages and modernization of agriculture industry. Furthermore, advantageous and adequate policies of Lithuania’s foreign trade should encourage the development of imports to this country. The demand for textile products in Lithuania is growing rapidly and it is one of the most important sectors in fostering its economy

Transnational Corporations as the Driving Forces Behind the World's Research and Development Activity in Terms of R&D Expenditure

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Kamil M. Kraj
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
International Level ◽  
Development Activity

As discussed in the literaturę, more and more transnational corporations (TNCs) were attaching importance to research and development (R&D) activity from the 1970s through the 2000s. This growing involvement of TNCs in R&D resulted in their dominant role in global R&D expenditure. Indeed, a comparative analysis of financial data collected for the group of the 102 largest corporate R&D spenders worldwide in 2007 showed that this group of TNCs accounted for a significant share of the worlds R&D expenditure not only in 2007 alone but also in the period of 2000-2011. Moreover, a similarity between their home countries and the countries being top R&D spenders was found; however, most of these corporations were conducting their R&D at international level. Furthermore, the analysed TNCs operated mostly in technology-intensive industries, for which the foun- dations were provided by a multidisciplinary science and technology basis.

scholarly journals The Market’s Maturity for Public Procurement of Circular Furniture: A Study from Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Jana Simanovska ◽  
Inese Pelsa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Survey Results

Public procurement plays an important role in the market by making up 14% of the Gross Domestic Product in the European Union, therefore it is seen as an important instrument to promote such products and services that better meet society’s demands, for example, sustainability. Starting from 2015, circularity is an important aspect of sustainability. Furniture is among the product groups with a significant impact on the material footprint, therefore approaches to increase material efficiency and circularity are of high value. With this research, the authors investigate the market’s maturity, i.e. the readiness of suppliers to offer circular furniture and services, as well as the readiness of municipalities to uptake it. 20 companies and 27 municipalities took part in the survey. Results show that the surveyed companies currently are more ready to offer more circular products and services than municipalities require in the procurement tenders. Most surveyed municipalities are maintaining and repairing the furniture by themselves that is a circular approach but without outsourcing. The market consultation before the tendering could help to understand the market abilities better and lead to more circular purchasing contracts. This is an important task considering the importance of public procurement in promoting a circular economy.

scholarly journals Are Business Regulations Improving Economic Growth? Case Study between ASEAN and European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Karuniana Dianta Arfiando Sebayang ◽  
Belinda Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Business Regulations ◽  
The Impact

Economic activities require a transparent regulatory and policy environment that is accessible to all levels of society. This study aims to explain the impact of ease of doing business on economic growth in both ASEAN and the European Union since doing business indicators applied globally. Gross Domestic Product is used as a proxy variable for economic growth as Gross Domestic Product is an indicator to measure economic growth. This study uses a descriptive quantitative research model and uses multiple regressions to determine the effect of ease of doing business on economic growth in ASEAN and the European Union by comparing the result of each ASEAN and European Union. In this study it was found that in ASEAN, there are four indicators of doing business have significant impact to economic growth, while in the European Union five indicators have significant impact to economic growth.  

scholarly journals Legislative Regulation Financial Statement Preparation by Micro Entities: International Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Matveeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The article analyzes the experience of legislative regulation of financial statement preparation by micro entities in the Commonwealth of Independent States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. The legislative acts of the countries, national accounting standards and financial reporting standards serve as the methodological basis for the analysis. For the purpose of this study the article identifies the criteria for categorizing an organization as a micro entity, analyzes the documents regulating the procedure for the preparation of financial statements, and compares the procedures for financial reports formation by micro entities in different countries. Micro entities are an important component of the country’s economy, affecting the level of employment, gross domestic product and other important indicators of the country’s development. In Russia, micro entities account for 96 percent of the small and medium-sized business sector, whose share in the gross domestic product was about 20.6 % in 2019 according to Federal State Statistics Service estimates and which created about 33 % of jobs. For comparison, in the OECD countries small and medium-sized businesses generate, on average, about 55 % of GDP and about 59.1 % of jobs, whereas in the EU countries the percentage is higher: 57.5 % of GDP, and 65 % of the employed. However, in order to support the development of micro entities, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the implementation of entrepreneurial activities, in particular through simplifying the procedure for the formation and submission of financial statements.

scholarly journals Polityka w zakresie badań i rozwoju technologicznego Unii Europejskiej jako przykład integracji formalnie i faktycznie zróżnicowanej

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (54) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Leszek Kwieciński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structural Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Differentiated Integration

Research and Development Policy of the European Union as an Example of Formal and Real Differentiated IntegrationIn this paper has been analysed a concept of the differentiated integration and their main criteria. This allows to show the formal and legal sphere of this concept, especially in the Research and Technological Development Policy of the European Union. As a result it was noted that the described EU structural policy is an area of deep formal and real diversity that runs both between EU Member States and other public‑private stakeholders, such as universities or enterprises. This fact contributed to present two scenarios for the further evolution of European integration in the area of Research and Technological Development Policy.

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