scholarly journals Objectivation of the Ecological and Economic Losses from Solid Domestic Waste at the Heating Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Olga Panchenko ◽  
Maryna Domashenko ◽  
Oleksii Lyulyov ◽  
Nataliya Dalevska ◽  
Tetyana Pimonenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Morphological Composition

Abstract The aim of this research is to study theoretical and practical aspects of the ecological and economic losses from the use of solid domestic waste (SDW) as energy resources in the heat power industry of Ukraine. The methodical approaches to evaluating the ecological and economic losses caused by solid domestic waste (SDW) comprise: the developed algorithm, which evaluates the ecological and economic losses in the SDW use as fuel and energy resources in comparison with basic and project variant; the investigated morphological composition of SDW in the Ukrainian regions, on the basis of which there is proposed a matrix for further calculations of the ecological and economic loss from atmospheric pollution as a result of the energy-intensive SDW combustion at the power plants by the Ukrainian regions. The efficiency of using SDW as secondary energy resources, which essentially depends on the conventional energy resources combustion, is proved. According to the chemical and morphological composition of SDW, the average amount of harmful substances by their element constituents of SDW is determined. The economic loss from the combusting 1 ton of SDW as energy resources is estimated. Reasonability of using SDW as energy resources, based on the optimal ratio between conventional resources and energy-intensive SDW through minimizing total production costs and possible ecological and economic loss, is grounded. It is proved that while estimating the ecological and economic losses, it is necessary to consider the SDW morphological composition and regional specific features regarding the location of heat and power enterprises and organized storage landfills. It is grounded that the obtained estimates of the ecological and economic losses may be used for identifying the ecological and economic evaluation of the SDW efficiency use in the heat power industry at the regional level.

scholarly journals Research on the Morphological Composition of Solid Domestic Waste of the City of Khorol in Poltava Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Yurii Holik ◽  
◽  
Oksana Illiash ◽  
Yuliia Chukhlib ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Estimating the Economic Loss Due to Vibriosis in Net-Cage Cultured Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer): Evidence From the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Mohd Yazid ◽  
Hassan Mohd Daud ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai ◽  
Nurliyana Mohamad ◽  
Norhariani Mohd Nor
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Asian Seabass ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to estimate the economic loss due to vibriosis in the production of Asian seabass in floating net-cages on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Asian seabass has contributed significantly to Malaysia's economic activities and food security. However, its production can be hindered by the occurrence of diseases, such as vibriosis, causing severe economic losses to farmers. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 14 small-scale monoculture Asian seabass net-cage farms. Using a stochastic bioeconomic model and inputs from the survey, existing literature, and expert opinion, the economic losses were determined. Moreover, this model considered the prevalence of Vibrio spp. at a farm on the east coast and the risk posed by its infection from hatcheries. The results showed that 71.09% of Asian seabass simulated in the stochastic model survived. The mortality rate due to vibriosis and other causes was at 16.23 and 12.68%, respectively. The risk posed by Vibrio spp. infection from hatcheries contributed to 2.77% of the increase in Asian seabass mortality. The stochastic model estimated that the total cost of producing a tail of Asian seabass was €2.69 per kilogram. The economic loss of vibriosis was estimated at €0.19 per tail per kilogram, which represents 7.06% of the total production cost of Asian seabass per kilogram. An increase in the prevalence of clinical vibriosis and vibriosis case fatality rate at 42 and 100%, respectively, will lead to an increase in the cost of grow-out Asian seabass by €0.29 per tail from the default value. An increase in pellet price per kilogram by €1.38 and feed conversion ratio pellet by 0.96 will consequently increase the cost of grow-out Asian seabass by €2.29 per tail and €0.82 per tail, respectively. We find that the occurrence of Vibrio spp. infection at the hatchery level can contribute to an increased risk in the mortality of Asian seabass during the grow-out phase. Hence, we also need to focus on the control and prevention of vibriosis infection from hatcheries.

scholarly journals Factors of influence on performance of heat power industry enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Hennadii Karimov ◽  
Kateryna Zvonarova ◽  
Ivan Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Main Step ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Home Heating ◽  
Factors Influencing

Research into the factors influencing the performance of heat power industry enterprise is specific due to aspects of subordination and regulation of enterprises in the field of heat power engineering. Heat power plant (thermal power plant) is a typical representative of the heat power industry and it displays all the main characteristics of the industry. The conclusions of the PEST-analysis characterize the general factors influencing the heat and electricity market, i.e. the market of the discussed enterprise. According to the conclusions of the SWOT-analysis the paper determines the priority areas of enterprise development. The main step towards the intensification of the enterprise performance is a project aimed at raising the connected thermal capacity that will allow to reduce production costs (increasing the workload on equipment), improve social welfare for the city (creating new jobs and improving the quality of home heating) and boost interest of investors in the enterprise (growing profitability).

scholarly journals Functional schemes for biomass use in autonomous heat power complexes of Kaliningrad region

2007 ◽  
pp. 591-596
Author(s):  
Elena Berkova ◽  
Viktor Selin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
Kaliningrad Region

Energy deficiency of Kaliningrad region compels to look for the ways of using non-traditionaland renewable energy resources in the regional energy balance. One of the perspectiveresources is biomass which includes wood waste of forestry activity, solid domestic waste andcombustible industrial refuse, wastes of animal husbandry, poultry breeding and plantgrowing and etc. Based on preliminary estimation, biofuel can replace more than 85,000 tonsof equivalent fuel per year. Functional scheme of autonomous heat power complexes forKaliningrad region was worked out Resource base of these complexes will be large-scaleagroindustial enterprises, poultry factories, fur farms, timber enterprises and small individualfan11S. At such objects different organic waste materials of animal and plant origin will besubjected to ecological clean without waste processing with the production of biogas,natural fertilizers, heat energy and electricity. Combination of biogas units with wind energyturbines, solar collectors and heat pumps will allow complete application of traditional fueland energy resources.

SANITARY-HYGIENIC DISTINCTIONS OF THE APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (69) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
V.V. Stankevych ◽  
◽  
I.O. Teteniova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste

Fertiliser evenness - losses and costs: A study on the economic benefits of uniform applications of fertiliser

1999 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horrell ◽  
A.K. Metherell ◽  
S. Ford ◽  
C. Doscher
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Seed Crops

Over two million tonnes of fertiliser are applied to New Zealand pastures and crops annually and there is an increasing desire by farmers to ensure that the best possible economic return is gained from this investment. Spreading distribution measurements undertaken by Lincoln Ventures Ltd (LVL) have identified large variations in the evenness of fertiliser application by spreading machines which could lead to a failure to achieve optimum potential in some crop yields and to significant associated economic losses. To quantify these losses, a study was undertaken to calculate the effect of uneven fertiliser application on crop yield. From LVL's spreader database, spread patterns from many machines were categorised by spread pattern type and by coefficient of variation (CV). These patterns were then used to calculate yield losses when they were combined with the response data from five representative cropping and pastoral situations. Nitrogen fertiliser on ryegrass seed crops shows significant production losses at a spread pattern CV between 30% and 40%. For P and S on pasture, the cumulative effect of uneven spreading accrues, until there is significant economic loss occurring by year 3 for both the Waikato dairy and Southland sheep and beef systems at CV values between 30% and 40%. For nitrogen on pasture, significant loss in a dairy system occurs at a CV of approximately 40% whereas for a sheep and beef system it is at a CV of 50%, where the financial return from nitrogen application has been calculated at the average gross revenue of the farming system. The conclusion of this study is that the current Spreadmark standards are a satisfactory basis for defining the evenness requirements of fertiliser applications in most circumstances. On the basis of Spreadmark testing to date, more than 50% of the national commercial spreading fleet fails to meet the standard for nitrogenous fertilisers and 40% fails to meet the standard for phosphatic fertilisers.Keywords: aerial spreading, crop response, economic loss, fertiliser, ground spreading, striping, uneven application, uneven spreading, yield loss

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

Improvement of the System of Statistical Indicators of the State and Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
M. R. Еfimova ◽  
N. A. Korolkova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The article proposes an improved system of statistical indicators for assessing the state and development of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, which defines a methodological approach to identifying factors and trends in its development. The introduction highlights the relevance of modernization of information and methodological support for reaching decisions on new tasks, including those related to the digitalization of the economy and implementation of the national projects’ portfolio. The body of the article critically examines the current configuration of official and departmental statistical information, based on which the authors selected 85 key indicators reflecting the state and development level of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. All of them can be delineated by sectors and analysis tasks. This evaluation system includes 7 blocks: general block characterizing the role of the fuel and energy complex in the economic system; key industry performance indicators; indicators of the production structure by industry; technological indicators of industries; prices for fuel and energy resources; production costs by industry; distribution indicators of fuel and energy resources. The paper analyses development trends in the fuel and energy sectors for 2008-2018. In particular, the authors’ research showed that modern oil production is characterized by a change in the territorial structure, as well as the reinstatement of the role of vertically integrated companies in the development of oil production. The article presents findings on the technological upgrading of Russian oil refining. However, the authors’ research proved that oil refining depth has ceased to be a reliable indicator of the level of technological equipment and modernization level of oil refineries. With regard to the development of the gas industry, there has been a steady increase in gas production, which is supported by maintaining a steady increase in demand for Russian gas in the domestic and foreign markets. The all-time high domestic consumer demand for gas fuel, associated with the Russian Regions Gasification Program implemented by the Ministry of Energy of Russia, was recorded. At the same time, the authors identified the main risk factors in the development of the industry related to Gazprom (a backbone of the energy sector) activities. The persistent positive growth dynamics in commodity production of associated petroleum gas was established. It was also noted that the highest percentage of its beneficial use is characteristic of operators of production sharing agreements. As for the results of the analysis of the coal industry, a matter of interest is the growth of domestic prices for coal products and related derivative trends. Particular attention is paid to the development of the possibilities of using over-the-counter coal price indicators. Replacement of coal with natural gas at a thermal power station in most regions of the country is of interest within the identified development trends of the electric power industry in Russia, which is explained by the environmental friendliness of electricity generation.

MINIMALISASI BIAYA SIMPAN DAN BIAYA SETUP PADA MULTIPLE PRODUK: SIMULASI DENGAN CAPACITATED LOT SIZING PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Erika Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
Capacitated Lot Sizing

Lot sizing problem in production planning aims to optimize production costs (processing, setup and holding cost) by fulfilling demand and resources capacity costraint. The Capacitated Lot sizing Problem (CLSP) model aims to balance the setup costs and inventory costs to obtain optimal total costs. The object of this study was a plastic component manufacturing company. This study use CLSP model, considering process costs, holding costs and setup costs, by calculating product cycle and setup time. The constraint of this model is the production time capacity and the storage capacity of the finished product. CLSP can reduce the total production cost by 4.05% and can reduce setup time by 46.75%.  Keyword: Lot size, CLSP, Total production cost.

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