scholarly journals The Thorny Challenge of Making Moral Machines: Ethical Dilemmas with Self-Driving Cars

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Edmond Awad ◽  
Jean-François Bonnefon ◽  
Azim Shariff ◽  
Iyad Rahwan
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Machine Ethics ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Moral Machines ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
Self Driving Cars

AbstractThe algorithms that control AVs will need to embed moral principles guiding their decisions in situations of unavoidable harm. Manufacturers and regulators are confronted with three potentially incompatible objectives: being consistent, not causing public outrage, and not discouraging buyers. The presented moral machine study is a step towards solving this problem as it tries to learn how people all over the world feel about the alternative decisions the AI of self-driving vehicles might have to make. The global study displayed broad agreement across regions regarding how to handle unavoidable accidents. To master the moral challenges, all stakeholders should embrace the topic of machine ethics: this is a unique opportunity to decide as a community what we believe to be right or wrong, and to make sure that machines, unlike humans, unerringly follow the agreed-upon moral preferences. The integration of autonomous cars will require a new social contract that provides clear guidelines about who is responsible for different kinds of accidents, how monitoring and enforcement will be performed, and how trust among all stakeholders can be engendered.

Autonomy and Responsibility in Hybrid Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulf Loh ◽  
Janina Loh
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Trolley Cases ◽  
Autonomous Driving System

In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the traditional notion of responsibility and introduce a concept of distributed responsibility within a responsibility network of engineers, driver, and autonomous driving system. In order to evaluate this concept, we explore the notion of man–machine hybrid systems with regard to self-driving cars and conclude that the unit comprising the car and the operator/driver consists of such a hybrid system that can assume a shared responsibility different from the responsibility of other actors in the responsibility network. Discussing certain moral dilemma situations that are structured much like trolley cases, we deduce that as long as there is something like a driver in autonomous cars as part of the hybrid system, she will have to bear the responsibility for making the morally relevant decisions that are not covered by traffic rules.

Compassion, Suffering, Morality: Ethical Dilemmas in Caring

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anne J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The World

Few healthy people welcome death, but most would welcome a quick, easy death to avoid suffering and the loss of control over their lives. We need to ask: what sort of human environment do we hope for at the end of our lives? What will the world and our own living in it look like when we know we are about to die? What kind of human relationships will sustain us through this most personal of life's experiences when we may become more dependent on others? Do we fear we will either be abandoned through lack of meaningful personal contact with significant others, or be actors in a tragi-comedy of pretense in which authentic forms of human expression are unattainable?

scholarly journals Autonomous cars and responsible innovation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Lukovics ◽  
Bence Zuti ◽  
Erik Fisher ◽  
Béla Kézy
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Social Ordering ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Global World

Digitalization, a dominant megatrend in today’s global world, offers numerous intriguing technological possibilities. Out of these novelties, self-driving cars have rapidly come to be a primary focus; the literature categorizes them as a radical innovation due to the possibility that the mass adoption of self-driving cars would not only radically change everyday life for members of industrialized societies, but calls into question the infrastructural, legal, and social ordering of towns and numerous aspects of transportation in the societies that adopt them. Meanwhile, the results of several international surveys with large samples show that public opinion of self-driving cars is ambivalent, indicating parallel signals of enthusiasm and concern. The aim of this paper is to develop key components of a general strategy for addressing the societal challenges associated with self-driving cars as identified in international surveys and relevant literature and using the framework of responsible innovation.

scholarly journals A principled Australian text

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
William J Uren
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Central Values ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
American Authors

In 1979, the American authors Tom L Beauchamp and James F Childress published the first edition of Principles of biomedical ethics. They espoused the theory of what has come to be known as ?principlism? as a bridge between the deontological and ut i l i tarian approaches to bioethics. They identified four central values ? autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice ? as the fundamental moral principles in terms of which to address ethical dilemmas in biomedical theory and practice.

Sovereign Violence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Choe
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
South Korean ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World

South Korea is home to one of the most vibrant film industries in the world today, producing movies for a strong domestic market that are also drawing the attention of audiences worldwide. This book presents a comprehensive analysis of some of the most well-known and incendiary South Korean films of the millennial decade from nine major directors. Building his analysis on contemporary film theory and philosophy, as well as interviews and other primary sources, Steve Choe makes a case that these often violent films pose urgent ethical dilemmas central to life in the age of neoliberal globalization.

Ethical and Methodological Issues in Researching Young Language Learners in School Contexts

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
The World

This book focuses on ethical and methodological issues encountered by researchers working with young language learners in school contexts. The chapters are written by researchers working with children in different classroom contexts around the world and highlight how ethical dilemmas and tensions take on a complex form in child-focused research.

Ethical Dilemmas in Data Mining and Warehousing

2008 ◽  
pp. 2841-2849
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Cazier ◽  
Ryan C. LaBrie
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
World Today ◽  
Societal Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Marketing Data

As we have increasing privacy and risk concerns in the world today with identity theft, questionable marketing, data mining, and profiling, it is becoming increasingly important to explore how consumers feel and react to the use of their data. This study makes an important contribution to the literature by presenting common positive and negative myths surrounding these issues and exploring how ethical or unethical consumers believe these practices are by looking at the myths and their reaction to them. We focus on consumers’ perceptions because at the end of the day it is what the consumers perceive to be happing that will determine their reaction. An ethical data practice is one that is believed to increase consumer, business, or societal value, and an unethical data practice is one which causes harm to these groups.

Values, Ethics, and Justice

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Kobayashi ◽  
James Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
American Geography

Questions of ethics, values, justice, and the moral principles according to which we engage in geographical scholarship, have always been a part of geography, but for the past two decades—and perhaps even more significantly, since the events of September 11, 2001—they have become a central part of the lexicon of American and international geographical scholarship. The Values, Justice and Ethics Specialty Group (VJESG) was formed in 1997 to respond to a felt need for geographers to focus on both the ethical issues that inform our academic work, and the ways in which that work is connected to larger societal issues. The concerns of the group have been less with a particular range of topics or approaches than with the ethical questions that cut across the entire discipline, on the assumption that such questions are bounded neither by subject matter nor by theoretical constraints. The group was formed at a time when questions of whether geographers should be concerned about the moral, ethical implications of their work had long since been replaced with questions of how geographers could focus attention on these issues. Concern is with the very difficult questions that link personal commitment, or reflexivity, with larger questions of research and pedagogy. One of the best sources of evidence of the importance of such questions, and of the intellectual sophistication with which they are being asked, is the journal Ethics, Place and Environment, inaugurated in 1998. This group felt a need, therefore, for a geographical forum in which to explore the relationship between American geography and the world in which it operates. While a relatively small number of geographers works in a more narrowly defined field that might be called moral philosophy (Sack 1997; Smith 1997,1998a, 2000), for the vast majority, ethical questions connect the academic and the personal lives of geographical practitioners, in ways that influence directly the questions they ask, the methodological and theoretical choices they make, and, perhaps most importantly, their personal relations with their research subjects and their own communities. As I. Hay (1998: 73) suggests, “the place to start that process is on our [geographers’] own professional bodies.”

Friendship and Bullying

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-80
Author(s):  
Cathy Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Critical Literacy ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Lesson Plans ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Human Condition

Through a series of scaffolded lesson plans that begin in the classroom and then move out into the world, this chapter addresses friendship and bullying through the lens of critical literacy. Friendship has long been the sacrosanct goal of elementary socialization. This chapter calls into question the simplicity of the concept and weighs that against bullying. The texts used in this chapter begin “simply” enough, with books such as Tubby the Tuba and Ben’s Trumpet, but then moves into texts that push students to consider poverty and war as a form of bullying. Books such as Petar’s Song, The Harmonica, and finally Revolución afford opportunities for both critical reflection and musicking, while a reimagined version of Peter and the Wolf asks students to ponder ethical dilemmas grounded in loyalty, death, societal pressures, the human condition, nature, friendship, and sacrifice.

Ethics and Access to Technology for Persons with Disabilities

2011 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Belinda Davis Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Technology ◽  
Mixed Blessing

The growth in technology has provided unprecedented access to information and experiences for persons all over the world. An Internet search yields volumes of information, personal digital assistants (PDAs) connect people with friends and information worldwide, and prosthetic devices provide both cosmetic effects and mobility for persons with a wide variety of orthopedic impairments. Although the current level of access to technology is a recent phenomenon, most people take these conveniences for granted. However, technology may be a mixed blessing for persons with disabilities and pose ethical dilemmas for developers who wish to provide global access for all.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document