scholarly journals Verification of the use of GEANT4 and MCNPX Monte Carlo Codes for Calculations of the Depth-Dose Distributions in Water for the Proton Therapy of Eye Tumours

Nukleonika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Grządziel ◽  
Adam Konefał ◽  
Wiktor Zipper ◽  
Robert Pietrzak ◽  
Ewelina Bzymek
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Primary Proton ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
Depth Dose

Abstract Verification of calculations of the depth-dose distributions in water, using GEANT4 (version of 4.9.3) and MCNPX (version of 2.7.0) Monte Carlo codes, was performed for the scatterer-phantom system used in the dosimetry measurements in the proton therapy of eye tumours. The simulated primary proton beam had the energy spectra distributed according to the Gauss distribution with the cut at energy greater than that related to the maximum of the spectrum. The energy spectra of the primary protons were chosen to get the possibly best agreement between the measured relative depth-dose distributions along the central-axis of the proton beam in a water phantom and that derived from the Monte Carlo calculations separately for the both tested codes. The local depth-dose differences between results from the calculations and the measurements were mostly less than 5% (the mean value of 2.1% and 3.6% for the MCNPX and GEANT4 calculations). In the case of the MCNPX calculations, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained for the spectrum with maximum at 60.8 MeV (more probable energy), FWHM of the spectrum of 0.4 MeV and the energy cut at 60.85 MeV whereas in the GEANT4 calculations more probable energy was 60.5 MeV, FWHM of 0.5 MeV, the energy cut at 60.7 MeV. Thus, one can say that the results obtained by means of the both considered Monte Carlo codes are similar but they are not the same. Therefore the agreement between the calculations and the measurements has to be verified before each application of the MCNPX and GEANT4 codes for the determination of the depth-dose curves for the therapeutic protons.

TOPAS Monte Carlo model of MD anderson scanning proton beam for simulation studies in proton therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 037001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hartman ◽  
X Zhang ◽  
X R Zhu ◽  
S J Frank ◽  
J J W Lagendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Md Anderson

SU-E-T-491: A FLUKA Monte Carlo Computational Model of a Scanning Proton Beam Therapy Nozzle at IU Proton Therapy Center

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6Part17) ◽  
pp. 3818-3818 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Moskvin ◽  
C Cheng ◽  
V Anferov ◽  
D Nichiporov ◽  
Q Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Proton Beam Therapy ◽  
Therapy Center

Monte Carlo Simulation of Beta Depth Dose Distributions in LiF

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Miralles ◽  
M.A. Duch ◽  
M. Ginjaume ◽  
X. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
Depth Dose

scholarly journals Impact of photon cross section uncertainties on Monte Carlo-determined depth-dose distributions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aguirre ◽  
M. David ◽  
C.E. deAlmeida ◽  
M.A. Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
Depth Dose ◽  
Photon Cross Section

Monte Carlo Simulation of Depth-Dose Distributions in TLD-100 Under 90Sr-90Y Irradiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-578
Author(s):  
M. Rodriguez-Villafuerte ◽  
I. Gamboa-DeBuen ◽  
M. E. Brandan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
Depth Dose

scholarly journals Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charnay Cunningham ◽  
Maryna de Kock ◽  
Monique Engelbrecht ◽  
Xanthene Miles ◽  
Jacobus Slabbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Dose

The number of proton therapy facilities and the clinical usage of high energy proton beams for cancer treatment has substantially increased over the last decade. This is mainly due to the superior dose distribution of proton beams resulting in a reduction of side effects and a lower integral dose compared to conventional X-ray radiotherapy. More recently, the usage of metallic nanoparticles as radiosensitizers to enhance radiotherapy is receiving growing attention. While this strategy was originally intended for X-ray radiotherapy, there is currently a small number of experimental studies indicating promising results for proton therapy. However, most of these studies used low proton energies, which are less applicable to clinical practice; and very small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Therefore, this proof of principle study evaluates the radiosensitization effect of larger AuNPs in combination with a 200 MeV proton beam. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to a concentration of 10 μg/ml of 50 nm AuNPs for 4 hours before irradiation with a clinical proton beam at NRF iThemba LABS. AuNP internalization was confirmed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, showing a random distribution of AuNPs throughout the cytoplasm of the cells and even some close localization to the nuclear membrane. The combined exposure to AuNPs and protons resulted in an increase in cell killing, which was 27.1% at 2 Gy and 43.8% at 6 Gy, compared to proton irradiation alone, illustrating the radiosensitizing potential of AuNPs. Additionally, cells were irradiated at different positions along the proton depth-dose curve to investigate the LET-dependence of AuNP radiosensitization. An increase in cytogenetic damage was observed at all depths for the combined treatment compared to protons alone, but no incremental increase with LET could be determined. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential of 50 nm AuNPs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of proton therapy.

scholarly journals An Iterating Method to Calculate the Geometry of Range Modulation Wheel in Passive Proton Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zahra Sadat Tabatabaeian ◽  
Mahdi Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Bragg Peak ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Spread Out Bragg Peak

In the passive method of proton therapy, range modulation wheel is used to scatter the single energy proton beam. It rounds and scatters the single energy proton beam to the spectrum of particles that covers cancerous tissue by a change in penetration depth. Geant4 is a Monte Carlo simulation platform for studying particles behaviour in a matter. We simulated proton therapy nozzle with Geant4. Geometric properties of this nozzle have some effects on this beam absorption plot. Concerning the relation between penetration depth and proton particle energy, we have designed a range modulation wheel to have an approximately flat plot of absorption energy. An iterative algorithm programming helped us to calculate the weight and thickness of each sector of range modulation wheel. Flatness and practical range are calculated for resulting spread-out Bragg peak.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis Effect of Gantry Angle Photon Beam 4 MV on Dose Distributions using Monte Carlo Method EGSnrc Code System

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Uum Yuliani ◽  
Ridwan Ramdani ◽  
Freddy Haryanto ◽  
Yudha Satya Perkasa ◽  
Mada Sanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Dose Calculations ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
Percentage Depth Dose ◽  
Depth Dose ◽  
Surface Field ◽  
Gantry Angle

Varian linac modeling has been carried out to obtain Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) and profiles using variations gantry angle 0o, 15o, 30o , 45o in the vertical axis of the surface, field size 10x10 cm2, photon beam 4 MV and Monte Carlo simulations. Percentage Depth Dose and profile illustrates dose distributions in a phantom water measuring 40x40x40 cm3, changes gantry is one of the factors that determine the distribution of the dose to the patient research shows changes in Dmax in the Percentage Depth Dose is affected by changes in the angle gantry resulted in the addition of the area build up so it can be used for therapy in the region and produce skin sparing effects that can be used to protect the skin from exposure to radiation. The graph result is profiles obtained show lack simetrisan in areas positive quadrant has a distribution of fewer doses than the quadrant of negative as well as the slope of the surface so that it can be used for some cases treatments that require a depth and a certain slope, dose calculations are more accurate and can minimize side effects.

scholarly journals Verification of a Monte Carlo dose calculation engine in proton minibeam radiotherapy in a passive scattering beamline for preclinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1107) ◽  
pp. 20190578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Guardiola ◽  
Ludovic De Marzi ◽  
Yolanda Prezado
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
Monte Carlo Dose Calculation

Objectives: Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel therapeutic strategy that combines the benefits of proton therapy with the remarkable normal tissue preservation observed with the use of submillimetric spatially fractionated beams. This promising technique has been implemented at the Institut Curie-Proton therapy centre (ICPO) using a first prototype of a multislit collimator. The purpose of this work was to develop a Monte Carlo-based dose calculation engine to reliably guide preclinical studies at ICPO. Methods: The whole “Y1”-passive beamline at the ICPO, including pMBRT implementation, was modelled using the Monte Carlo GATE v. 7.0 code. A clinically relevant proton energy (100 MeV) was used as starting point. Minibeam generation by means of the brass collimator used in the first experiments was modelled. A virtual source was modelled at the exit of the beamline nozzle and outcomes were compared with dosimetric measurements performed with EBT3 gafchromic films and a diamond detector in water. Dose distributions were recorded in a water phantom and in rat CT images (7-week-old male Fischer rats). Results: The dose calculation engine was benchmarked against experimental data and was then used to assess dose distributions in CT images of a rat, resulting from different irradiation configurations used in several experiments. It reduced computational time by an order of magnitude. This allows us to speed up simulations for in vivo trials, where we obtained peak-to-valley dose ratios of 1.20 ± 0.05 and 6.1 ± 0.2 for proton minibeam irradiations targeting the tumour and crossing the rat head. Tumour eradication was observed in the 67 and 22% of the animals treated respectively. Conclusion: A Monte Carlo dose calculation engine for pMBRT implementation with mechanical collimation has been developed. This tool can be used to guide and interpret the results of in vivo trials. Advances in knowledge: This is the first Monte Carlo dose engine for pMBRT that is being used to guide preclinical trials in a clinical proton therapy centre.

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